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Case-Based Reasoning on Images and Signals
This book is the first edited book that deals with the special topic of signals and images within Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). It offers different learning capabilities, for all phases of a signal-interpreting system, that satisfy different needs during the development process of a signal-interpreting system.
Case-Based Approximate Reasoning
Case-based reasoning (CBR) has received a great deal of attention in recent years and has established itself as a core methodology in the field of artificial intelligence. The key idea of CBR is to tackle new problems by referring to similar problems that have already been solved in the past. More precisely, CBR proceeds from individual experiences in the form of cases. The generalization beyond these experiences typically relies on a kind of regularity assumption demanding that 'similar problems have similar solutions'. Making use of different frameworks of approximate reasoning and reasoning under uncertainty, notably probabilistic and fuzzy set-based techniques, this book develops formal models of the above inference principle, which is fundamental to CBR. The case-based approximate reasoning methods thus obtained especially emphasize the heuristic nature of case-based inference and aspects of uncertainty in CBR. This way, the book contributes to a solid foundation of CBR which is grounded on formal concepts and techniques from the aforementioned fields. Besides, it establishes interesting relationships between CBR and approximate reasoning, which not only cast new light on existing methods but also enhance the development of novel approaches and hybrid systems.
Case Studies in Ethics and HIV Research
Studies from the United States and abroad depict the ongoing balance of risks and benefits while analyzing issues that range from confidentiality and informed consent to conducting studies with minority and other marginalized populations, from dealing with government and other funding agencies to ownership of findings. The chapter topics and case studies are apt, and the analyses throughout are thought-provoking.
Carotenoids ; Vol.4 : Natural Functions
The Carotenoids book series provides detailed accounts of the fundamental chemistry of carotenoids and the basic methods used in carotenoid research, and critical discussions of the biochemistry, functions and applications of these important compounds. Volume 4 and its companion, Volume 5, deal with the functions of carotenoids in all kinds of living organisms and the actions of carotenoids in human nutrition and health. The material presented in the earlier Volumes is all relevant to studies of biological functions and actions. In particular, biological studies must be supported by a rigorous analytical base. The various analytical procedures described in Volumes 1A and 1B, supplemented by the data for individual compounds given in the Carotenoids Handbook, must be understood and applied correctly, whether they are being used for quantitative analysis, identification or in complex studies of carotenoids in situ.
Career paths in oral health
This book will serve as an essential reference guide for anyone considering a career in oral health. It will be ideal for readers seeking an introductory portrait of the different career paths in oral health, such as students. It will also be a useful source for those wishing to re-examine the field.
Cardiopatie congenite delladulto : una guida pratica = Congenital heart disease in adults : a practical guide
Thanks to modern therapies, the carriers of these pathologies become adults today, but they need to be constantly followed by specialists and monitored by family doctors. This text, offering a complete overview of the information relating to them and their treatment, aims to be an easily consulted and useful guide both for the expert in the sector and for those who only occasionally deal with the problems related to heart disease. congenital of the adult.
Cardiac Safety of Noncardiac Drugs : Practical Guidelines for Clinical Research and Drug Development
The authors explain the parameters of cardiac safety at all stages of clinical research and drug development, including both the preclinical and pharmacogenomic aspects generally and the clinical methodologies and technical aspects for investigational drugs based on cardiac repolarization, as defined by the duration of the QTc interval. Additional chapters comprehensively review the application of electrocardiology in clinical research
Cardiac Pacing for the Clinician
The second edition of Cardiac Pacing for the Clinician will provide a succinct, yet comprehensive reference for the implantation and follow-up of implantable cardiac rhythm devices. It is intended to be a practical guide for the day-to-day management of these increasingly complex devices.
Cardiac Arrhythmias 2005 ; Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Cardiac Arrhythmias (Venice, October 2-5, 2005)
Written by world-renowned leaders in the fields of clinical electrophysiology and arrhythmology, the volume has represented since many years a biannual update on the most recent advances in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
Carbon monoxide in drug discovery, basics, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential
Carbon monoxide, one of the smallest organic natural molecules, is widely known for its toxicity. Formation of CO via incomplete combustion is a major contributing factor to accidental or intentional CO poisoning, leading to severe health consequences or death. In addition, CO is a by-product of tobacco smoking, and has been associated with some of the harmful effects of smoking. However, less known and probably far more important is the recognition of the essential physiological roles of CO as a signaling molecule in mammals. Against over more than a century of negative connotation, the last few decades have proven that CO possesses a multitude of physiological roles and therapeutic functions including regulation of the immune response, cellular proliferation, and control of cell survival. This concept is supported by the discovery that CO is produced by all cells and more so under conditions of stress. This book comprehensively summarizes key aspects of CO's endogenous roles, therapeutic functions, and challenges that we face in its development as a therapeutic agent. We hope this preface will provide a thread for reading this book and a birds-eye view of the landscape for understanding this field, and more importantly lay out the challenges ahead in understanding the detailed mechanisms of action of CO and in its development as a therapeutic agent.
Carbon and nitrogen in the terrestrial environment
Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of C and N fluxes between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere; issues related to C and N management in different ecosystems and their implications for the environment and global climate change; and the approaches to mitigate emission of greenhouse gases.Drawing upon the most up-to-date books, journals, bulletins, reports, symposia proceedings and internet sources documenting interrelationships between different aspects of C and N cycling in the terrestrial environment, Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment fills the gap left by most of the currently available books on C and N cycling. They either deal with a single element of an ecosystem, or are related to one or a few selected aspects like soil organic matter (SOM) and agricultural or forest management, emission of greenhouse gases, global climate change or modeling of SOM dynamics.
Car deal : The ultimate used-cars marketplace
This is an effort to represents the design and implementation of a mobile application that serves as a marketplace for buying and selling used cars. The application is developed using Flutter, a popular cross-platform framework, and integrates an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model to predict the price of used cars based on various parameters, such as the car's model, age, mileage, and condition. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the project's development process, including the use of agile methodology and various technologies, such as Firebase, Python, and TensorFlow. The AI model's accuracy is evaluated using statistical metrics, such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE).
Capital Punishment and the Criminal Corpse in Scotland, 1740–1834
This book provides the most in-depth study of capital punishment in Scotland between the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth century to date. Based upon an extensive gathering and analysis of previously untapped resources, it takes the reader on a journey from the courtrooms of Scotland to the theatre of the gallows. It introduces them to several of the malefactors who faced the hangman’s noose and explores the traditional hallmarks of the spectacle of the scaffold. It demonstrates that the period between 1740 and 1834 was one of discussion, debate and fundamental change in the use of the death sentence and how it was staged in practice. In addition, the study provides an innovative investigation of the post-mortem punishment of the criminal corpse. It offers the reader an insight into the scene at the foot of the gibbets from which criminal bodies were displayed, and around the dissection tables of Scotland’s main universities where criminal bodies were used as cadavers for anatomical demonstration. In doing so it reveals an intermediate stage in the long-term disappearance of public bodily punishment.
Cannabinoids
The present book is an outstanding summary of many aspects of cannabinoid research. It represents a stepping-stone to many unsolved problems in biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology and the clinic. Perhaps it will help generate novel ideas, such as how to approach the scientific study of emotions.
Cancer vaccination and challenges Vol.1 : strategies for therapeutic cancer vaccine development
Deals with different strategies of cancer vaccine development, focusing on techniques for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines and the roles of tumor antigens, proteins/peptides, microbial genes, and stem cells for the development of vaccines for cancer management.
Cancer immunotherapy
Defining Cancer as a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body, making it an enormous medical and economic burden accounting for 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Cancer treatments were being introduced for a long time. The development of specific therapies to treat cancer really depends on the continued discovery of the molecular changes that lead to the malignant progression of human cancers. More and more drugs are being developed to block cancer pathways that lead to impaired growth and survival of cancer cells. In this dissertation, the concept of cellular and immunotherapy of cancer will be discussed briefly, taking into considerations the mechanisms of action, the advantages, challenges and drawbacks of the different types of monoclonal antibodies and CAR T-Cell therapy.
Cancer and War
Armed conflict, especially the most intense types, indirectly impacts civilian mortality. The estimates suggest that almost 30 million civilian deaths were indirectly attributable to armed conflict globally between 1990 and 2017, two thirds of which were due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases. Broader and more robust measures of civilian impacts at subnational and national levels are needed to inform policy and advocacy to prevent war and protect civilians. This could include greater use of linkage studies that incorporate data from routine health and demographic sources, exposure to conflict-specific environmental risks, and quantitative epidemiological methods such as national and subnational victimisation surveys.
Calvinisms First Battleground : Conflict and Reform in the Pays de Vaud, 1528-1559
A specifically Calvinist identity and theology emerged out of two key conflicts in the region: first, the fight to turn away from Catholic practices and traditions a population that had been forced to convert to Protestantism by the Bernese after their conquest of Vaud in 1536; second, the struggle against the Zwinglian political and theological ideas that dominated the Swiss Confederation and differed from the Calvinists' understanding of ecclesiastical discipline, the Eucharist, and predestination. The Pays de Vaud was central to this struggle, for it was subject politically to Zwinglian, German-speaking Bern, but many of its ministers were more strongly influenced by Calvin. Calvin himself was initially excited about the prospects for reform in the region, but frustrations with the Swiss led him and the Genevans increasingly to focus their efforts on France.
Calibrating the Cosmos : How Cosmology Explains Our Big Bang Universe
Calibrating the Cosmos describes hard science, but is gently written. It explains in clear, non-mathematical language the measurements and the interpretation of the resulting data that have led to the current understanding of the origin, evolution and properties of our expanding Big Bang universe. Many people have a sketchy idea of the work of cosmologists, but Professor Levin’s experience in teaching both scientific and liberal arts students has enabled him to impart much of our current thinking without resorting to difficult mathematics. Theoretical concepts are emphasized, in particular the symmetries of homogeneity and isotropy enjoyed by our universe on the largest scales, how these symmetries lead to only one quantity being needed to describe the growth of the universe from its infancy to the present time, and how the so-called parameters of the universe are the ingredients used to construct the model universes to which ours – the real thing – is compared.
Calculus of one variable
Aimed at first-year undergraduates in mathematics and the physical sciences, the only prerequisites are basic algebra, coordinate geometry and the beginnings of differentiation as covered in school. The transition from school to university mathematics is addressed by means of a systematic development of important classes of techniques, and through careful discussion of the basic definitions and some of the theorems of calculus, with proofs where appropriate, but stopping short of the rigour involved in Real Analysis.The influence of technology on the learning and teaching of mathematics is recognised through the use of the computer algebra and graphical package MAPLE to illustrate many of the ideas.
