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Left-right asymmetry in vertebrate development
A host of studies has unravelled the involvement of many genes in the left right patterning pathway. Based on this knowledge the genetic basis of human laterality defects are beginning to be revealed. It is a major challenge now to understand how all these genes control left right development as well as the complex set of interactions established between them.
Asymmetric synthesis of drugs and natural products
Focuses on different techniques of asymmetric synthesis of important compounds, such as drugs and natural products. It gives insightful information on recent asymmetric synthesis by Inorganic, Organic and Enzymatic combinations
Asymmetric Cell Division
Cell biologists have recently become aware that the asymmetry of cell division is an important regulatory phenomenon in the fate of a cell. During development, cell diversity originates through asymmetry; in the adult organism asymmetric divisions regulate the stem cell reservoir and are a source of the drift that contributes to the aging of organisms with renewable cell compartments. Because of the concept of semi-conservative DNA synthesis, it was thought that the distribution of DNA between daughter cells was symmetric. The analysis of the phenomenon in cells during mitosis, however, revealed the asymmetry in the distribution of the genetic material that creates the drift contributing to aging of mammals. On the other hand, cancer cells can originate from a deregulation of asymmetry during mitosis in particular during stem cell expansion. The book describes the phenomenon in different organisms from plants to animals and addresses its implications for the development of the organism, cell differentiation, human aging and the biology of cancers.
Asymmetry : The foundation of information
As individual needs have arisen in the fields of physics, electrical engineering and computational science, each has created its own theories of information to serve as conceptual instruments for advancing developments. This book provides a coherent consolidation of information theories from these different fields.It provides a versatile tool for quantifying complexity and information capacity in any physical system.
Abstraction, refinement and proof for probabilistic systems
Probabilistic techniques are increasingly being employed in computer programs and systems because they can increase efficiency in sequential algorithms, enable otherwise nonfunctional distribution applications, and allow quantification of risk and safety in general. This makes operational models of how they work, and logics for reasoning about them, extremely important. Abstraction, Refinement and Proof for Probabilistic Systems presents a rigorous approach to modeling and reasoning about computer systems that incorporate probability. Its foundations lie in traditional Boolean sequential-program logic—but its extension to numeric rather than merely true-or-false judgments takes it much further, into areas such as randomized algorithms, fault tolerance, and, in distributed systems, almost-certain symmetry breaking. The presentation begins with the familiar "assertional" style of program development and continues with increasing specialization: Part I treats probabilistic program logic, including many examples and case studies; Part II sets out the detailed semantics; and Part III applies the approach to advanced material on temporal calculi and two-player games.
Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Celestial Mechanics
In this book we describe the basic principles, problems, and methods of clssical mechanics. Our main attention is devoted to the mathematical side of the subject. Although the physical background of the models considered here and the applied aspects of the phenomena studied in this book are explored to a considerably lesser extent, we have tried to set forth first and foremost the “working” apparatus of classical mechanics. This apparatus is contained mainly in Chapters 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8. Chapter 1 is devoted to the basic mathematical models of classical - chanics that are usually used for describing the motion of real mechanical systems. Special attention is given to the study of motion with constraints and to the problems of realization of constraints in dynamics. In Chapter 3 we discuss symmetry groups of mechanical systems and the corresponding conservation laws. We also expound various aspects of ord- reduction theory for systems with symmetries, which is often used in appli- tions. Chapter 4 is devoted to variational principles and methods of classical mechanics. They allow one, in particular, to obtain non-trivial results on the existence of periodic trajectories. Special attention is given to the case where the region of possible motion has a non-empty boundary. Applications of the variational methods to the theory of stability of motion are indicated.
Mathematica for Theoretical Physics : Classical Mechanics and Nonlinear Dynamics
Mathematica for Theoretical Physics: Classical Mechanics and Nonlinear Dynamics This second edition of Baumann's Mathematica® in Theoretical Physics shows readers how to solve physical problems and deal with their underlying theoretical concepts while using Mathematica® to derive numeric and symbolic solutions. Each example and calculation can be evaluated by the reader, and the reader can change the example calculations and adopt the given code to related or similar problems. The second edition has been completely revised and expanded into two volumes: The first volume covers classical mechanics and nonlinear dynamics. Both topics are the basis of a regular mechanics course. The second volume covers electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, and fractals and fractional calculus. New examples have been added and the representation has been reworked to provide a more interactive problem-solving presentation. This book can be used as a textbook or as a reference work, by students and researchers alike. A brief glossary of terms and functions is contained in the appendices.
Matetrentino : Percorsi matematici a Trento e dintorni = Matetrentino : Mathematical courses in Trento and the surrounding area
This book and the exhibition it tells arise from the desire to communicate how beautiful and interesting a discipline such as mathematics can be and to bring the curious "visitor" closer to it. Here are collected the texts and images of the four thematic areas (topology, maximum and minimum, visualization and symmetry) developed in the exhibition and illustrated taking inspiration from the reality of Trento and its territory.
Markov Processes, Brownian Motion, and Time Symmetry
The book consists of two parts. Part I,This part introduces strong Markov processes and their potential theory. In particular,it studies Brownian motion, and shows how it generates classical potential theory.Part II, focus on the effects of time reversal, duality, and time-symmetry on potential theory. Certain theorems in Part I are re-proved in Part II under slightly weaker hypotheses. The volume is very useful for people who wish to learn Markov processes but it seems to the reviewer that it is also of great interest to specialists in this area who could derive much stimulus from it. One can be convinced that it will receive wide circulation." (Mathematical Reviews)
Magnetic Monopoles
This monograph addresses the field theoretical aspects of magnetic monopoles. Written for graduate students as well as researchers, the author demonstrates the interplay between mathematics and physics. He delves into details as necessary and develops many techniques that find applications in modern theoretical physics. This introduction to the basic ideas used for the description and construction of monopoles is also the first coherent presentation of the concept of magnetic monopoles. It arises in many different contexts in modern theoretical physics, from classical mechanics and electrodynamics to multidimensional branes. The book summarizes the present status of the theory and gives an extensive but carefully selected bibliography on the subject. The first part deals with the Dirac monopole, followed in part two by the monopole in non-abelian gauge theories. The third part is devoted to monopoles in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories.
Local and Semi-Local Bifurcations in Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems : Results and Examples
Once again KAM theory is committed in the context of nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. While elliptic and hyperbolic tori determine the distribution of maximal invariant tori, they themselves form n-parameter families. Hence, without the need for untypical conditions or external parameters, torus bifurcations of high co-dimension may be found in a single given Hamiltonian system. The text moves gradually from the integrable case, in which symmetries allow for reduction to bifurcating equilibria, to non-integrability, where smooth parametrisations have to be replaced by Cantor sets. Planar singularities and their versal unfoldings are an important ingredient that helps to explain the underlying dynamics in a transparent way.
Lifting Modules : Supplements and Projectivity in Module Theory
Extending modules are generalizations of injective modules and, dually, lifting modules generalize projective supplemented modules. There is a certain asymmetry in this duality. While the theory of extending modules is well documented in monographs and text books, the purpose of our monograph is to provide a thorough study of supplements and projectivity conditions needed to investigate classes of modules related to lifting modules. The text begins with an introduction to small submodules, the radical, variations on projectivity, and hollow dimension. The subsequent chapters consider preradicals and torsion theories (in particular related to small modules), decompositions of modules (including the exchange property and local semi-T-nilpotency), supplements in modules (with specific emphasis on semilocal endomorphism rings), finishing with a long chapter on lifting modules, leading up their use in the theory of perfect rings, Harada rings, and quasi-Frobenius rings.
Lie Groups : An Approach through Invariants and Representations
Lie groups has been an increasing area of focus and rich research since the middle of the 20th century. Procesi's masterful approach to Lie groups through invariants and representations gives the reader a comprehensive treatment of the classical groups along with an extensive introduction to a wide range of topics associated with Lie groups: symmetric functions, theory of algebraic forms, Lie algebras, tensor algebra and symmetry, semisimple Lie algebras, algebraic groups, group representations, invariants, Hilbert theory, and binary forms with fields ranging from pure algebra to functional analysis.
Chiral Soliton Models for Baryons
This concise research monograph introduces and reviews the concept of chiral soliton models for baryons. In these models, baryons emerge as (topological) defects of the chiral field. The many applications shed light on a number of bayron properties, ranging from static properties via nucleon resonances and deep inelastic scattering to even heavy ion collisions. As far as possible, the theoretical investigations are confronted with experiment. Conceived to bridge the gap between advanced graduate textbooks and the research literature, this volume also features a number of appendices to help nonspecialist readers to follow in more detail some of the calculations in the main text.
An Introduction to Riemann Surfaces, Algebraic Curves and Moduli Spaces
This book gives an introduction to modern geometry. Starting from an elementary level the author develops deep geometrical concepts, playing an important role nowadays in contemporary theoretical physics. He presents various techniques and viewpoints, thereby showing the relations between the alternative approaches.
Amino acids and the asymmetry of life : Caught in the act of formation
This book describes how the basic building blocks of life, the amino acids, formed. After a comprehensible introduction into stereochemistry, the author addresses the inherent property of amino acids in living organisms, namely the preference for left-handedness. What was the cause for violation of parity of amino acids in the emergence of life on Earth? All the fascinating models proposed by physicists, chemists and biologist are vividly presented including the scientific conflicts.
Advanced Visual Quantum Mechanics
Investigate and to teach quantum mechanics with the aid of computer-generated animations. It is a self-contained textbook that combines selected topics from atomic physics (spherical symmetry, the hydrogen atom, and particles with spin) with an introduction to quantum information theory (qubits, EPR paradox, teleportation, quantum computers). It explores relativistic quantum mechanics and the strange behavior of Dirac equation solutions. A series of appendices covers important topics from perturbation and scattering theory. The book places an emphasis on ideas and concepts, with a fair to moderate amount of mathematical rigor. Though this book stands alone, it can also be paired with Thaller Visual Quantum Mechanics to form a comprehensive course in quantum mechanics. The software for the first book earned the European Academic Software Award 2000 for outstanding innovation in its field.
A Mathematical Introduction to Conformal Field Theory
The first part of this book gives a detailed, self-contained and mathematically rigorous exposition of classical conformal symmetry in n dimensions and its quantization in two dimensions. In particular, the conformal groups are determined and the appearance of the Virasoro algebra in the context of the quantization of two-dimensional conformal symmetry is explained via the classification of central extensions of Lie algebras and groups. The second part surveys some more advanced topics of conformal field theory, such as the representation theory of the Virasoro algebra, conformal symmetry within string theory, an axiomatic approach to Euclidean conformally covariant quantum field theory and a mathematical interpretation of the Verlinde formula in the context of moduli spaces of holomorphic vector bundles on a Riemann surface.
