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Mass Vaccination : Global Aspects - Progress and Obstacles
Mass immunization is the blitzkrieg of vaccination practice. It serves to rapidly protect populations, both because of the high coverage achieved and because of the herd immunity thereby induced. However, as in war, mass immunization campaigns must be conducted intelligently, with careful strategy and strong attention to logistics of supply and deployment. If conducted badly, mass immunization may fail or even be counter-productive. In this volume, some of the most successful practitioners of mass im- nization tell us about its art and science. David Heymann and Bruce Aylward of WHO begin the book with a theoretical and practical overview of mass immunization. Michael Lane, who participated in the successful effort to eradicate smallpox relates how this was done using mass vaccination and other strategies. Application of mass immunization by the US military is c- ered by John Grabenstein and Remington Nevin, who have a large experience in these matters. Karen Noakes and David Salisbury recount the striking s- cesses of mass immunization in the United Kingdom. The global control of the clostridia that produce diphtheria toxin is described by Charles Vitek. Hepa- tis A is decreasing dramatically under the impact of large-scale vaccination, as Francis André illustrates. The French experience with Hepatitis B vac- nation has been mixed, and François Denis and Daniel Levy-Bruhl explain the circumstances. In?uenza vaccination is an annual example of large-scale campaigns, the complexity of which is recounted by Benjamin Schwartz and Pascale Wortley.
Marine, Freshwater, and Wetlands Biodiversity
Marine, coastal and wetland habitats are threatened, not only through exploitation, but also by the prospect of climate change – as ocean currents change course, sea levels rise, and rainfall patterns change. Even the once-common cod is now under threat from the combined effects of over-fishing and a dramatic change-induced decrease in the plankton that cod larvae feed on. Meanwhile, coral reefs remain especially vulnerable to rapid sea-level changes exacerbated by the effects of tourism and disease. This book gathers together a wide range of papers reporting on key research into the biodiversity conservation of these critical and increasingly threatened habitats. Collectively these papers provide a snap-shot of the types of problems they are experiencing, and offer a wealth of topical examples which render this volume especially valuable to teachers of courses in marine, freshwater and wetlands ecology, biological conservation and ecological restoration.
Marine Biodiversity : Patterns and Processes, Assessment, Threats, Management and Conservation
Understanding the functioning of Marine Ecosystems is the first step to measure and predict the influence of Man, and to find solutions for the enormous array of problems we face today. This volume is organised according to the four subthemes of the symposium and to issues commonly perceived as relevant by scientists concerned with the study, protection and management of Marine Biodiversity: patterns and processes, assessment, threats and management and conservation.
Marijuana and the Cannabinoids
Although primarily used today as one of the most prevalent illicit leisure drugs, the use of Cannabis sativa L., commonly referred to as marijuana, for medicinal purposes has been reported for more than 5000 years. Marijuana use has been shown to create numerous health problems, and, consequently, the expanding use beyond medical purposes into recreational use (abuse) resulted in control of the drug through international treaties. Much research has been carried out over the past few decades following the identification of the chemical structure of THC.The purpose of Marijuana and the Cannabinoids is to present in a single volume the comprehensive knowledge and experience of renowned researchers and scientists. Each chapter is written independently by an expert in his/her field of endeavor, ranging from the botany, the constituents, the chemistry and pharmacokinetics, the effects and consequences of illicit use on the human body, to the therapeutic potential of the cannabinoids.
Mangroves and Halophytes : Restoration and Utilisation
Focusing on Venezuela and Mexico, this edited volume from the International Society of Halophyte Utilisation (ISHU) explores the environmental issues facing South and Central America's coastal ecosystems, and discusses the uses of mangrove species and other halophytes in addressing issues of both coastal pollution and upland soil salinisation. The book draws on expertise from Europe and South America to present a series of case studies that detail Venezuela’s saline ecosystems and examine the economic potential of mangrove restoration and halophyte production. It includes cutting-edge research into the establishment of new mangrove stands which could serve as prototypes for the sustainable use of halophytes, including Chenopodium quinoa and Tamarix aphylla. Moreover, the detailed examples from Venezuela and other Caribbean countries provide useful models for comparison with halophyte utilisation in other parts of the world – especially the Mediterranean region, where much of the earlier research of the ISHU had been conducted.
Management of Heart Failure ; Vol.2 : Surgical
Management of Heart Failure has been conceived as a rapid but comprehensive review for practitioners of all persuasions involved in the management of patients with heart failure. Heart failure is a problem of epidemic proportions in all parts of the world. State of the art treatment may not be accessible to all, but simply creating an awareness of simple methods of diagnosis and treatment would assist in promoting a better global response to this epidemic. This practical volume, written by a panel of world-renown cardiology experts, focuses on the surgical management of heart failure. Surgery for heart failure is an evolving and new area in cardiac surgery with many exciting developments.
Management of Heart Failure ; Vol.1 : Medical
This practical volume focuses on the medical management of heart failure and outlines the causes, etiopathology and mechanisms in such a way that most health care professionals can grasp the concepts.
Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism highlights traditional, novel, and evolving aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE). Emphasis is placed on specific issues related to PE, including pregnancy, cancer, thrombophilia, and air travel. The authors critically review and interpret available data, and provide clear recommendations for diagnosis and therapeutic concerns in clinical management of PE patients. Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism is organized in three precise sections - diagnosis, treatment, and special topics. Each section is up-to-date and detailed, and provides clear recommendations for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with PE in clinical practice. This practical volume is an essential starting point for future study for both medical students and established investigators.
Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology : A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay
This volume acknowledges and celebrates the contributions of Dr. Frederick S. Szalay to the field of Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology. Professor Szalay has published about 200 articles, four monographs, and six books on this subject. Throughout his career Professor Szalay has been a strong advocate for biologically and evolutionarily meaningful character analysis. In his view, this can be accomplished only through an integrated strategy of functional, adaptational, and historical analysis. Dr. Szalay worked on several different mammalian groups during his career, and the contributions to this volume reflect his broad perspective. Chapters focus on Primates, a group to which Professor Szalay dedicated much of his career. However, other mammalian groups on which he conducted a significant amount of research, such as marsupials and xenarthrans, are also covered in the volume.
Malattie dellapparato respiratorio = Respiratory system diseases
This book reports the status of the art of the community more diseases of the respiratory apparatus. The first part is dedicated to the anatomy of the lung, to the regulation of the respiration and to the respiratory mechanics, follows the functionalities of the respiratory pain and the invasive and non-invasive diagnosis, including the diagnosis per imaging in pneumology. Nella description of the particular malattie importance of this date in the chiarire the "perché" of the diversi symptoms and according to the clinical practice within the therapeutic approach, confronted with te international guideline, with the communication of the vast experience of the clinic of the author. The main objective of this book is that the recent acquisition of the physiology, pathophysiology and clinic of the respiratory system, including non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy and respiratory rehabilitation, and combining a clear description from the respiratory pathophysiology with emphasis on its clinical application. The volume is aimed both at students of the specialist degree course in medicine and surgery, and at specialists in diseases of the respiratory system. It also represents a valid reference for the general medicine doctor, above all when the last intention will increase the proprietary knowledge of clinics, diagnosis and therapy in the sector of the respiratory pathology, branch that always is often shared by the doctor and the specialist in the risoluzione of almost anche molto complessi.
Malaria: Drugs, Disease and Post-genomic Biology
This volume brings some of the worlds best investigators to describe recent advances in both the scientific and clinical aspects of malaria, and bridges between the two. The opening chapters discuss antimalarials and resistance to them in Africa and Asia. Then there are reviews of the different clinical manifestations of malaria, ranging from uncomplicated infections to severe disease and its complications.
Magnetoreception and Magnetosomes in Bacteria
Recent developments in the research on magnetotactic bacteria are presented in this volume. Included are reviews on the formation and organization of magnetosomes, the genes controlling magnetosome biomineralization, and new cryogenic techniques to visualize novel cytoskeleton structures. Described here are potential nanobiotechnological applications of the magnetosome crystals, which have magnetic and crystalline characteristics unmatched by their inorganic counterparts.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ischemic Stroke
The imaging of stroke has undergone significant changes owing to the rapid progress in imaging technology. This volume, comprising three parts, is designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the current role of MR imaging in patients with ischemic stroke. The first part outlines the clinical presentations of stroke and discusses the diagnostic efficacy and therapeutic impact of MR imaging. The second and third parts form the core of the volume, and are based on a novel approach in that the topic is presented from two very different viewpoints. Part 2 provides a detailed presentation of the distinguishing features of stroke from the radiologist's perspective. By contrast, part 3 addresses the needs of the clinician, documenting specific stroke syndromes and their correlates on MR imaging. The overall aim has been to create a well-illustrated volume with broad appeal that links pathology, radiology and stroke medicine in an informative manner.
Lymphocyte Signal Transduction
Signal transduction through leukocyte receptors involves a variety of signaling molecules including kinases, phosphatases, adaptor proteins, small GTPases GTP exchange factors, membrane phospholipids as well as others. These signal transducers, regulated by inter- and intra-molecular interactions, as well as by various post-translational modifications, lead to the activation of transcription factors that mediate cellular differentiation and growth, effector cell functions, and apoptotic cell death. Several investigators from various parts of the world convened at the 3rd Lymphocyte Signal Transduction Workshop in Crete, Greece from May 27 to June 1, 2005 to discuss their most recent findings in leukocyte signaling. This volume represents a collection of topics discussed during the conference.
Listeria Monocytogenes : Pathogenesis and Host Response
This comprehensive volume, written by experts in the field, includes concise and timely reviews of Listeria monocytogenes, one of the most intensively studied bacterial pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes is the cause of listeriosis, a potentially fatal disease that arises from the consumption of contaminated food. During the past two decades, studies of this organism have uncovered a wealth of information on its virulence factors, its genome organization, and its interactions with host cells and the immune system.
Lipids in Health and Disease
Lipids are functionally versatile molecules. They have evolved from relatively simple hydrocarbons that serve as depot storages of metabolites and barriers to the permeation of solutes into complex compounds that perform a variety of signalling functions in higher organisms. This volume is devoted to the polar lipids and their constituents. We have omitted the neutral lipids like fats and oils because their function is generally to act as deposits of metabolizable substrates. The sterols are also outside the scope of the present volume and the reader is referred to volume 28 of this series which is the subject of cholesterol. The polar lipids are comprised of fatty acids attached to either glycerol or sphingosine. The fatty acids themselves constitute an important reservoir of substrates for conversion into families of signalling and modulating molecules including the eicosanoids amongst which are the prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leucotrienes. The way fatty acid metabolism is regulated in the liver and how fatty acids are desaturated are subjects considered in the first part of this volume. This section also deals with the modulation of protein function and inflammation by unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives. New insights into the role of fatty acid synthesis and eicosenoid function in tumour progression and metastasis are presented.
Lifestyle psychiatry through the lens of behavioral medicine
Lifestyle medicine is a practice which adopts evidence-based lifestyle interventions as a primary modality to prevent, treat, and reverse chronic diseases. The six main pillars of this specialty include physical activity, nutrition, stress resilience, cessation or risk reduction of substance use, quality sleep, and connectivity. Lifestyle psychiatry is a rapidly emerging area within healthcare informed by rigorous research within the social and biological sciences, public health, and medicine. A volume in the Lifestyle Medicine series, this book uses a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to prevent and treat psychiatric disorders and promote mental and physical well-being through evidence-based lifestyle interventions.
Life as We Know It
Life As we Know It ["LAKI"] covers several aspects of Life, ranging from the prebiotic level, origin of life, evolution of prokaryotes to eukaryotes and finally to various affairs of human beings. Although it is hard to define Life, one can, however, characterize it and describe its features. Topics treated are categories of bacteria, algae and fungi, conscience, philosophy, theology, aesthetics, appearance of sport and life destiny, life after clinical death, and thoughts of the world to come ("Olam Haba"). The various chapters have been written so that they are accessible to all - from the avid lay reader to the specialist – and make available multidisciplinary sources of information about Life. This volume will interest open minded scholars, students at all levels of general sciences, natural and Life science, researchers of philosophy, theology, history of Life, astrobiology, and those who wish to widen their knowledge about "who are we in the universe".
Lemurs : Ecology and Adaptation
In this comprehensive volume, written by experts in the field, information gathered on lemur ecology and adaptation over the past 15 years is presented by both seasoned and newer lemur researchers, and provides us with further knowledge concerning both well-studied and rarely studied extant species, as well as insights into the ecology and adaptation of some of the recently extinct lemurs.
Legionella Pneumophila : Pathogenesis and Immunity
Legionella pneumophila is an emerging human pathogen that resides in natural environments as a parasite of freshwater. The volume brings together all of the lastest research on this pathogen, the interest in which is rapidly growing.
