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Modelling community structure in freshwater ecosystems
"The book presents approaches and methodologies for predicting the structure and diversity of key aquatic communities (namely diatoms, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish), under natural conditions and under man-made disturbance. Such an approach will make it possible to: 1) set up procedures for robust and sensitive ecosystem evaluation, based on the prediction of the excepted community structure; 2) model community structure in disturbed ecosystems, taking into account all the relevant ecological variables; 3) test ecosystem sensitivity to natural and anthropic disturbance; and 4) explore specific actions to be taken for the restoration of ecosystem integrity."--Jacket.
Methods in Gut microbial ecology for ruminants
As a result of various human activities, such as increase in human population,decrease in arable land due to soil degradation, urbanization, industrialization and associated increase in the demand for livestock products, dramatic changes are occurring in the global ruminant livestock sector. These changes includeshift inthesize of regional livestock populations and in the types of management and feeding systems under which ruminant livestock are held, and increased demand of a wider range of quality attributes from animal agriculture, not just of the products themselves but also of the methods used in their production. The livestock sector will need to respond to new challenges of increasing live stock productivity while protecting environment and human health and conservingbiodiversity and natural resources. The micro-organisms in the digestive tracts of ruminant livestock have a profound in?uence on the conversion offeedinto end products, which can impact on the- imal and theenvironment. As the livestock sector grows particularly in developing countries, there will be an increasing need to understand these processes for b- ter management and use ofbothfeed and other natural resources that underpinthe development of sustainable feeding systems.
Intelligent Computing in Engineering and Architecture ; 13th EG-ICE Workshop 2006, Ascona, Switzerland, June 25-30, 2006, Revised Selected Papers
Providing computer support for tasks in civil engineering and architecture is hard. Projects can be complex, long and costly. Firms that contribute to design, construction and maintenance are often worth less than the value of their projects. Everyone in the field is justifiably risk adverse. Contextual variables have a strong influence making generalization difficult. The product life cycle may exceed one hundred years and functional requirements may evolve during the service life. It is therefore no wonder that practitioners in this area have been so reluctant to adopt advanced computing systems. After decades of research and industrial pilot projects, advanced computing s- tems are now being recognized by many leading practitioners to be strategically - portant for the future profitability of firms involved in engineering and architecture. Engineers and architects with advanced computing knowledge are hired quickly in the market place. Closer collaboration between research and practice is leading to more comprehensive validation processes for new research ideas. This is feeding devel- ment of more useful systems, thus accelerating progress. These are exciting times. th This volume contains papers that were presented at the 13 Workshop of the Eu- pean Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering. Over five days, 70 participants from around the world listened to 59 paper presentations in a single session format.
Global optimization ; Vol. 85 : Scientific and engineering case studies
Optimization models based on a nonlinear systems description often possess multiple local optima. The objective of global optimization (GO) is to find the best possible solution of multiextremal problems. Global Optimization: Selected Case Studies illustrates the applicability of GO modeling techniques and solution strategies to real-world problems.The contributed chapters cover a broad range of applications from agroecosystem management, assembly line design, bioinformatics, biophysics, black box systems optimization, cellular mobile network design, chemical process optimization, chemical product design, composite structure design, computational modeling of atomic and molecular structures, controller design for induction motors, electrical engineering design, feeding strategies in animal husbandry, the inverse position problem in kinematics, laser design, learning in neural nets, mechanical engineering design, numerical solution of equations, radiotherapy planning, robot design, and satellite data analysis. The solution strategies discussed encompass a range of practically viable methods, including both theoretically rigorous and heuristic approaches.
Foundations of Global Genetic Optimization
This book is devoted to the application of genetic algorithms in continuous global optimization. Some of their properties and behavior are highlighted and formally justified. Various optimization techniques and their taxonomy are the background for detailed discussion. The nature of continuous genetic search is explained by studying the dynamics of probabilistic measure, which is utilized to create subsequent populations. This approach shows that genetic algorithms can be used to extract some areas of the search domain more effectively than to find isolated local minima. The biological metaphor of such behavior is the whole population surviving by rapid exploration of new regions of feeding rather than caring for a single individual. One group of strategies that can make use of this property are two-phase global optimization methods. In the first phase the central parts of the basins of attraction are distinguished by genetic population analysis. Afterwards, the minimizers are found by convex optimization methods executed in parallel.
Food and behavior
The effect of nutrition on behavior is one of the new topics that nutritionists are discussing at the present time. They have proven that there is a clear relationship between food, behavior and decisions. The aim of this research is to shed light on this new aspect of nutriti onal science, as we are presenting in this project some of the experiments, researches and statistics that scientists have reached and referred to this effect.
Food addiction
This approach acknowledges the apparent parallels between substance use disorders and overeating of highly palatable, high-caloric foods. Although this idea seems to be relatively new, research on food addiction actually encompasses several decades, a fact that often remains unrecognized. Scientific use of the term addiction in reference to chocolate even dates back to the 19th century. In the 20th century, food addiction research underwent several paradigm shifts, which include changing foci on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, obesity, or binge eating disorder. Thus, the purpose of this review is to describe the history and state of the art of food addiction research and to demonstrate its development and refinement of definitions and methodologies
Eating disorders
What is an Eating Disorder (ED)? Eating disorders are a type of serious mental health condition characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions and your ability to function in important areas of life. Most eating disorders involve focusing too much on your weight, body shape and food, leading to dangerous eating behaviors. These behaviors can significantly impact your body's ability to get appropriate nutrition. Eating disorders can harm the heart, digestive system, bones, and teeth and mouth, and lead to other diseases. Eating disorders affect several million people at any given time, ED often develop in the teen and young adult years, although they can develop at other ages. Eating disorders can affect people of all genders, ages, races, religions, ethnicities, sexual orientations, body shapes, and weights.
Craniofacial microsomia and treacher Collins syndrome : Comprehensive treatment of associated facial deformities
Provides a framework for diagnosis and treatment of the complex facial deformities found in craniofacial microsomia and Treacher Collins syndrome. This work provides a comprehensive approach in treating these complex patient populations, seeking to answer the following questions: When to operate versus when to wait? If operating is required what operation should be performed? What is the best orthodontic approach to the associated dental deformities that develop with these conditions? How should sleep apnea be evaluated and treated in this population? What is the best management for feeding patients with these conditions?
Chewing gum containing artemisa absinthium (Wormwood) and Vitamin B12 for Anorexia treatment
Anorexia is a medical name for loss of appetite which mean decrease appetite and it is the reason for mental and physical illness. Anorexia can accompany many diseases like infections, covid- 19, cancer, and it is also caused by many drugs. Our objective was to evaluate the level of knowledge about the anorexia among Syrian population, and, to develop chewing gum as health supplement. We used Artemisia absinthium L. (wormwood), vitamin B12 as pharmaceutical supplement ingredients, and, pine resin, or zein protein extracted from com as chewing gum bases...
Chemotherapy and pharmacology for leukemia in pregnancy : Guidelines and strategies for best practices
The book addresses a broad range of subjects, including: pregnancy and its characteristics; staging, pathology, morbidity and what to expect in each type of leukemia; chemotherapy for leukemia in pregnant women with complete trials; dose adjustment of chemotherapy for leukemia in pregnancy based on serum dosages; and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for this unique group of patients. In turn, subsequent chapters focus on protecting the fetus and neonatal management regarding chemotherapy for leukemia in pregnancy, including the treatment and risks for the fetus (for each type of leukemia), intrathecal therapy and its effects on the fetus; supportive drugs, antibiotics and antifungals for pregnant patients during chemotherapy, including intervention and dose adjustments; palliative care for women with leukemia in pregnancy; breastfeeding during treatment for leukemia; pharmacological aspects of supplements, vitamins and nutrition in pregnancy during leukemia treatment; and more.
Breathing, feeding, and neuroprotection
New findings in brain research are being revealed on an almost daily basis, and the focus of this book is the fields of breathing, neuroprotection, and higher brain functions. An unresolved issue within respiration research and hence a topic of much interest is Where and how respiratory rhythm is generated in the brainstem, detailed analysis of which is presented herein. Chapters on neuroprotection examine the functional significance of the blood – brain barrier as an interface of blood and the central nervous system; other chapters look at health and disease in relation to the hypothalamic and limbic systems. In addition to animal experiments, research on the human brain is included, with a focus on the recently developed EEG/dipole tracing method. This book will be an invaluable reference for researchers in neuroscience and related fields.
Baby milk in Syria
Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival. However, contrary to WHO recommendations, fewer than half of infants under 6 months old are exclusively breastfed. Infant formulas are liquids or reconstituted powders fed to infants and young children to serve as substitutes for human milk. Infant formulas have a special role in the diet because they are the only source of nutrients for some infants...
Artificial Nutrition and Hydration : The New Catholic Debate
This collection of essays by some of the most prominent Catholic bioethicists addresses the Pope’s statements, the moral issues surrounding artificial feeding and hydration, the refusal of treatment, and the ethics of care for those at the end of life.
Ane's Encyclopedic Dictionary of General & Applied Entomology
Keeping the requirements of teachers and researchers in mind, this encyclopedic dictionary presents the terminology in entomology and pest management in the most authentic and comprehensive way. It also includes terms related to the close relatives of insects, such as mites and ticks and some other organisms which are pests of crops.
