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Lung biology and pathophysiology
The lungs are the organ for gas exchange between the body and the external environment. Dysfunction of upper airway epithelium and smooth muscle cells leads to pathogenesis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and other conditions, resulting in airway inflammation and narrowing. Injury to alveolar epithelium and endothelium causes influx of neutrophil and protein-rich fluid from circulation, resulting in edema and disruption of gas exchange. In addition to lung structural cells, immune cells, including alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes play critical roles in the maintenance of lung function. This book contributes to the understanding homeostasis of lung cells in the physiological and pathological conditions critical to the development of novel therapeutics.
Low-Temperature Physics
This book provides a concise but thorough introduction to important phenomena of low-temperature physics. It is ideally suited as a textbook for advanced undergraduates but will also be valuable for graduate students, scientists and engineers working in this field. Clear explanations of both theoretical and experimental approaches coupled with carefully selected problems will enable students to gain a firm understanding of even the most recent research developments.
Low Thermal Expansion Glass Ceramics
Describes the fundamental principles, the manufacturing process, and applications of low thermal expansion glass ceramics. The composition, structure, and stability of polycrystalline materials having a low thermal expansion are described, and it is shown how low thermal expansion glass ceramics can be manufactured from appropriately chosen glass compositions. Examples illustrate the formation of this type of glass ceramic by utilizing normal production processes together with controlled crystallization. Thus glass ceramics with thermal coefficients of expansion of less than 0.3 x 10(-6)K(-1) can be obtained. Even for the mass production of high-quality cooktop panels (Ceran®., oven windows, and other household appliances a high reproducibility of the properties is achieved. Special glass ceramics (Zerodur®. for technological and scientific applications such as high-precision optics or large astronomical mirrors are likewise discussed. The completely revised edition also features new sections on glass-ceramic applications, with details on their performance, CDC-grinding, and laser gyroscopes containing Zerodur®..
Low Power Methodology Manual : For System-on-Chip Design
"Tools alone aren't enough to reduce dynamic and leakage power in complex chip designs - a well-planned methodology is needed. Following in the footsteps of the successful Reuse Methodology Manual (RMM), authors from ARM and Synopsys have written this Low Power Methodology Manual (LPMM) to describe [such] [a] low-power methodology with a practical, step-by-step approach." "Excellent compendium of low-power techniques and guidelines with balanced content spanning theory and practical implementation. The LPMM is a very welcome addition to the field of low power SoC implementation that has for many years operated in a largely ad-hoc fashion."
Low Molecular Mass Gelators : Design, Self-Assembly, Function
Chapter 1 presents the physical principles of the growth mechanism of fiber and fiber network with LMGs, as treated on the basis of the heterogeneous nucleation model. in Chaps. 2 and 3, respectively. These chapters are intended to outline useful synthetic guidelines for the generation of an ever-increasing variety of molecular architectures within these two families of gelators. Recent developments in the chemistry of nucleobase-containing LMGs are described in Chap. 4. Hydrogen-bonding within these molecular systems involves complementary base pair formation, a process relevant to DNA double-helix formation The self-assembly of chiral organo- or hydrogelators is the subject of Chap. 5. result from the orthogonal self-assembly of liquid crystals and LMGs are presented in Chap. 6. The volume concludes with Chap. 7, a review of the emerging field of dendritic gels.
Loop Spaces, Characteristic Classes and Geometric Quantization
This book deals with the differential geometry of manifolds, loop spaces, line bundles and groupoids, and the relations of this geometry to mathematical physics. Various developments in mathematical physics (e.g., in knot theory, gauge theory, and topological quantum field theory) have led mathematicians and physicists to search for new geometric structures on manifolds and to seek a synthesis of ideas from geometry, topology and category theory. In this spirit, this book develops the differential geometry associated to the topology and obstruction theory of certain fiber bundles (more precisely, associated to grebes). The theory is a 3-dimensional analog of the familiar Kostant--Weil theory of line bundles. In particular the curvature now becomes a 3-form.
Long-Run Growth Forecasting
Explores how to set up an empirical model that helps with forecasting long-term economic growth in a large number of countries. It offers a systematic approach to models of potential GDP that can also be used for forecasts of more than a decade. It is an attempt to fill the wide gap between the high demand for such models by commercial banks, international organizations, central banks and governments on the one hand and the limited supply on the other hand. Frequent forecast failures in the past (e.g. Japan 1990, Asia 1997) and the heavy economic losses they produced motivated the work. The book assesses the large number of different theories of economic growth, the drivers of economic growth, the available datasets and the empirical methods on offer. A preference is shown for evolutionary models and an augmented Kaldor model. The book uses non-stationary panel techniques to find pair-wise cointegration among GDP per capita and its main correlates such as physical capital, human capital and openness.
Longer-Term Psychiatric Inpatient Care for Adolescents : A Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach
Describes the theoretical underpinnings and operational aspects of delivering longer-term inpatient psychiatric care to adolescents experiencing severe, unremitting mental illness. The authorship is drawn from the multidisciplinary team that supports the Walker Adolescent Unit, located in Sydney, Australia. The book begins with an account of the planning and development of the unit, an examination of the physical environment, and the adaptations that have been made to ensure its functionality. There follows a consideration of the therapeutic milieu. The book describes clinical processes such as admission and discharge planning, formulation and case review. There is information about the specific roles of professionals and the therapies that they provide. The book describes the steps taken to maintain and enhance the physical wellbeing of patients. There are chapters dedicated to governance, and to training and education. The final chapter describes how the unit responded to challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Long Memory in Economics
When applying the statistical theory of long range dependent (LRD) processes to economics, the strong complexity of macroeconomic and financial variables, compared to standard LRD processes, becomes apparent. In order to get a better understanding of the behaviour of some economic variables, the book assembles three different strands of long memory analysis: statistical literature on the properties of, and tests for, LRD processes; mathematical literature on the stochastic processes involved; models from economic theory providing plausible micro foundations for the occurence of long memory in economics. Each chapter of the book will give a comprehensive survey of the state of the art and the directions that future developments are likely to take. Taken as a whole the book provides an overview of LRD processes which is accessible to economists, econometricians and statisticians.
Logics of Specification Languages
Dedicated chapters address : the use of ASM (Abstract State Machines) in the classroom; the Event-B modelling method; a methodological guide to CafeOBJ logic; CASL, the Common Algebraic Specification Language; the Duration Calculus; the logic of the RAISE specification language (RSL); the specification language TLA+; the typed logic of partial functions and the Vienna Development Method (VDM); and Z logic and its applications. Each chapter is self-contained, with references, and symbol and concept indexes. Finally, in a unique feature, the book closes with short commentaries on the specification languages written by researchers closely associated with their original development.
Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation ; 17th International Symposium, LOPSTR 2007, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, August 23-24, 2007, Revised Selected Papers
Contains a selectionofthe the paperspresentedatthe 17thInter- tional Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation, that was held in Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, August 23-24,2007. LOPSTR thus traditionally solicits papers in the areas of: specification, synthesis, verification, transformation, analysis, optimization, composition, security, reuse, applications andtools, component-baseds of tware development, software architectures, age- based software development and program refnement. Formal proceedings are produced only after the symposium, so that authors can incorporate this feed back in the published papers.
Logical approaches to computational barriers ; 2nd Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2006, Swansea, UK, June 30-July 5, 2006, Proceedings
The sources of new ideas and methods include practical developments in areas such as neural networks, quantum computation, natural computation, molecular computation, and computational learning. Applications are everywhere, especially, in algebra, analysis and geometry, or data types and programming. This volume, Logical Approaches to Computational Barriers, is the proce- ings of the second in a series of conferences of CiE that was held at the Depa- ment of Computer Science, Swansea University, 30 June - 5 July, 2006.
Logic, language, information and computation ; 15th International Workshop, WoLLIC 2008 Edinburgh, UK, July 1-4, 2008 Proceedings
The papers cover all pertinent subjects in computer science with particular interest in cross-disciplinary topics. Typical areas of interest are: foundations of computing and programming; novel computation models and paradigms; broad notions of proof and belief; formal methods in software and hardware development; logical approach to natural language and reasoning; logics of programs, actions and resources; foundational aspects of information organization, search, flow, sharing, and protection.
Logic Based Program Synthesis and Transformation ; Vol. 3901 ; 15th International Symposium, LOPSTR 2005, London, UK, September 7-9, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Logic Based Program Synthesis and Transformation, LOPSTR 2005, held in September 2005. The papers are organized in topical sections on tools for program development, program transformations, and software development and program analysis.
Logging in Java with the JDK 1.4 Logging API and Apache log4j
In development scenarios where things can't be run in a debugger, or when you run the risk of masking the problem, logs are the greatest source of information about running a program. Pro Apache Log4j, Second Edition provides best practices guidelines and comprehensive coverage of the most recent release. Step by step, the book explains core concepts, from basic to advanced. Code samples are in Java and include guidelines for different application-specific needs. You'll also learn how to extend the API to write custom components and best practices for using the feature-rich log4j API. This book concludes with enterprise Java applications using log4j with JSP and J2EE.
Locational Tournaments in the Context of the EU Competitive Environment : A New Institutional Economics Approach to Foreign Direct Investment Policy Competition between Governments in Europe
The last decade has witnessed a dramatic change in attitude towards foreign direct investment (FDI) and a significant increase in competition between governments to attract FDI as a result. These "locational tournaments" are perpetuated not simply by classical factor endowments, but also by government interventions that impact both market imperfections and FDI flows.
Location, Transport and Land-Use : Modelling Spatial-Temporal Information
Shows the use of statistical tools for forecasting and analyzing implications of land-use decisions. The idea is that la- use on a map is necessarily a consequence of individual, and often conflicting, siting decisions over time.
Location Based Services and TeleCartography
Provides for the first time a general overview of research activities related to location and map-based services. These activities have emerged over the last years, especially around issues of positioning, spatial modelling, cartographic communication as well as in the fields of ubiquitious cartography, geo-pervasive services, user-centered modelling and geo-wiki activities. Topics cover an enormous range with heterogenous relationships to the main book issues. Whilst contemporary cartography aims at looking at new and efficient ways for communicating spatial information the development and availability of technologies like mobile networking, mobile devices or short-range sensors lead to interesting new possibilities for achieving this aim.
Local Elites, Political Capital and Democratic Development : Governing Leaders in Seven European Countries
This book helps to understand in which ways local governing elites are important for the success or failure of national democratic development. Although we know a great deal about the general importance of civil society and social capital for the development of sustainable democracy, we still know little about what specific local governing qualities or political capital that interact with democratic development. The collected data covers time series of surveys from between 15 to 30 political and administrative leaders in over a hundred middle-sized European and Eurasian cities. The study takes us across the 1980s and 1990s, going from cities in Sweden and the Netherlands - through the Baltic cities - to the cities of Belarus and Russia.
Living Rivers : Trends and Challenges in Science and Management
All over the world, sustainable river basin management is a leading principle of policy plans and legal instruments for water management (e.g. the European Water Framework Directive). The evidence, however, to underpin the full scope of sustainability is rather scanty. In this book an integrative perspective on trends and challenges in river science and management is demonstrated. The three pillars underneath sustainable water management, ecology, economy and sociology, are elaborated by experts in their fields. A number of papers integrate the current knowledge on the structure, functioning and management of ‘living rivers’. The book includes data and experiences concerning the rivers Allier, Meuse, Rhine, Sava and Tagliamento in Europe and the river Illinois in the USA. Sustainable river basin management asks for un-orthodox rehabilitation programmes and ecosystem based and transboundary management approaches.
