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Introductory Lectures on Fluctuations of Lévy Processes with Applications
Lévy processes are the natural continuous-time analogue of random walks and form a rich class of stochastic processes around which a robust mathematical theory exists. Their mathematical significance is justified by their application in many areas of classical and modern stochastic models including storage models, renewal processes, insurance risk models, optimal stopping problems, mathematical finance and continuous-state branching processes.The book aims to be mathematically rigorous while still providing an intuitive feel for underlying principles. The results and applications often focus on the case of Lévy processes with jumps in only one direction.
Introduction to Stochastic Integration
The theory of stochastic integration, also called the Ito calculus, has a large spectrum of applications in virtually every scientific area involving random functions, but it can be a very difficult subject for people without much mathematical background. The Ito calculus was originally motivated by the construction of Markov diffusion processes from infinitesimal generators. Previously, the construction of such processes required several steps, whereas Ito constructed these diffusion processes directly in a single step as the solutions of stochastic integral equations associated with the infinitesimal generators. Moreover, the properties of these diffusion processes can be derived from the stochastic integral equations and the Ito formula. This introductory textbook on stochastic integration provides a concise introduction to the Ito calculus
Introduction to Machine Learning with Applications in Information Security
Provides a classroom-tested introduction to a wide variety of machine learning and deep learning algorithms and techniques, reinforced via realistic applications. The book is accessible and doesn't prove theorems, or dwell on mathematical theory. The goal is to present topics at an intuitive level, with just enough detail to clarify the underlying concepts. The book covers core classic machine learning topics in depth, including Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and clustering. Additional machine learning topics include k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), boosting, Random Forests, and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The fundamental deep learning topics of backpropagation, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are covered in depth. A broad range of advanced deep learning architectures are also presented, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), Extreme Learning Machines (ELM), Residual Networks (ResNet), Deep Belief Networks (DBN), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and Word2Vec.
Introduction to Lie Algebras
This book provides an elementary introduction to Lie algebras. It starts with basic concepts. A section on low-dimensional Lie algebras provides readers with experience of some useful examples. This is followed by a discussion of solvable Lie algebras and a strategy towards a classification of finite-dimensional complex Lie algebras. The next chapters cover Engel's theorem, Lie's theorem and Cartan's criteria and introduce some representation theory. The root-space decomposition of a semisimple Lie algebra is discussed, and the classical Lie algebras studied in detail. The authors also classify root systems, and give an outline of Serre's construction of complex semisimple Lie algebras. An overview of further directions then concludes the book and shows the high degree to which Lie algebras influence present-day mathematics.The only prerequisite is some linear algebra and an appendix summarizes the main facts that are needed. The treatment is kept as simple as possible with no attempt at full generality.
Introduction to Focused Ion Beams : Instrumentation, Theory, Techniques and Practice
Introduction to Focused Ion Beams is geared towards techniques and applications. The first portion of this book introduces the basics of FIB instrumentation, milling, and deposition capabilities. The chapter dedicated to ion-solid interactions is presented so that the FIB user can understand which parameters will influence FIB milling behavior. The remainder of the book focuses on how to prepare and analyze samples using FIB and related tools, and presents specific applications and techniques of the uses of FIB milling, deposition, and dual platform techniques. This is the only text that discusses and presents the theory directly related to applications and the only one that discusses the vast applications and techniques used in FIBs and Dual platform instruments.
Introduction to Assembly Language Programming : For Pentium and RISC Processors
Assembly language continues to hold a core position in the programming world because of its similar structure to machine language and its very close links to underlying computer-processor architecture and design. These features allow for high processing speed, low memory demands, and the capacity to act directly on the system’s hardware. This completely revised second edition of the highly successful Introduction to Assembly Language Programming introduces readers to assembly language programming and its role in computer programming and design. It focuses on providing a firm grasp of the main features of assembly programming, and how it can be used to improve a computer's performance. The revised edition covers a broad scope of subjects and adds valuable material on protected-mode Pentium programming, MIPS assembly language programming, and use of the NASM and SPIM assemblers for a Linux orientation. All of the language's main features are covered in depth. The book requires only some basic experience with a structured, high-level language.
Intraperitoneal Cancer Therapy
The volume details major clinical trails to date, including immunotherapy, hyperthermic treatment of colo-rectal and ovarian cancers. Authors also examine regional approaches to therapy, systemic therapy, and the use of carboplatin and paclitaxel as the standard treatment for women with stages III and IV ovarian cancer. Other chapters also investigate techniques and procedures in treatment, as well as the future direction of both normothermic and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates
Soil microorganisms play a major role in the degradation and recycling of organic material. Microbes are involved in the food web and strongly contribute to soil fertility. In the past, attention was mainly directed towards free-living or particle-bound microorganisms, while the role of intestinal microbes of soil animals has been neglected. For the first time, "Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates" focuses on the microbes in gut systems of soil animals. It starts with a profound overview of the biology of soil invertebrates. A major part deals with the gut microbiota of termites, the best investigated gut system of invertebrates. Termites are important soil processors in tropical and subtropical regions. Insight is given into the intestinal microbiota of further relevant primary litter decomposers, such as earthworms, springtails, millipeds, and woodlice. Novel techniques for studying intestinal microbes complete the volume.
Internationalisation of European ICT Activities : Dynamics of Information and Communications Technology
The internationalisation of information and communication technologies has accelerated since the 1990s in Europe and worldwide. Taking a close look at the empirical analysis of competitive trade positions, trends in foreign direct investment and the internationalisation of research and development in ICT brings many new insights about the expansion, innovation and adjustment in the EU’s most dynamic sector. Moreover, the analysis discusses case studies on key players in ICT and suggests major policy conclusions for a field considered fundamental in the context of the EU’s Lisbon Agenda. The theoretical and empirical analysis gives a new and differentiated picture of European ICT where the links between telecommunications dynamics, software innovation and digital services are crucial. Outsourcing, insourcing and offshoring are natural elements of a new digital international division of labour which require reforms in both the EU member countries and at the supranational level.
International Trade and Multinational Activity : Heterogeneity of Firms, Incentives for Foreign Direct Investment, and International Business Cycle Dynamics
During the last 25 year, the neoclassical Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory has been extended to the ‘new’ trade theory by including imperfect competition and fixed costs into the analysis of trade relations. Furthermore, these micro-oriented trade models are increasingly used to analyze macro-oriented questions. Chapter 2 of this study investigates the dynamic welfare effects of exposure to trade in a new trade model, which is extended by firm heterogeneity.
International Handbook of Information Technology in Primary and Secondary Education
While there is a vast amount of research on information technology (IT) in K-12 education, most of it is scattered. Until now, a unified presentation of the research from a broad international perspective has not been accomplished. As a ground-breaking publication, the two-volume International Handbook on Information Technology (full title) synthesizes the major issues and directions of research in the field. these chapters address the critical issue of the potential for IT to improve K-12 education.A second important theme deals with the implementation of IT in educational practice.
International Direct Marketing : Principles, Best Practices, Marketing Facts
This book is the first to focus exclusively on IDM, combining state-of-the-art knowledge, best practice and unique data: The first part is a comprehensive, well-structured review, covering relevant sources ranging from academic journals to practitioner magazines. The second part consists of best practice examples of various aspects of IDM. The third part contains a summary of a proprietary consumer study on direct marketing attitudes and affinities across 24 countries in North America, Europe and Asia. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive and easy-to-understand guide to international direct marketing.
International Competitiveness in Africa : Policy Implications in the Sub-Saharan Region
The effects of international trade and foreign direct investment on developing economies have always been controversial. With the unstoppable spread of globalization and the supremacy of "open" policies over "closed" ones, the debate between "participating" and "not participating" in the world economy has been superseded by discussions on the best policy measures for expanding participation and enhancing the accrued welfare gains. Policies to strengthen international competitiveness are almost unanimously considered important means towards those ends. This book examines two policies frequently used to enhance international competitiveness in Sub-Saharan African economies: exchange rate policy and productivity-related policy.
Interactive and dynamic graphics for data analysis : With R and Ggobi
This richly illustrated book describes the use of interactive and dynamic graphics as part of multidimensional data analysis. Chapters include clustering, supervised classification, and working with missing values. A variety of plots and interaction methods are used in each analysis, often starting with brushing linked low-dimensional views and working up to manual manipulation of tours of several variables. The role of graphical methods is shown at each step of the analysis, not only in the early exploratory phase, but in the later stages, too, when comparing and evaluating models.
Intelligent Multimedia Data Hiding : New Directions
This book presents the latest research in the area of multimedia data hiding paradigms. The book is divided into four parts and an appendix. The first part introduces multimedia signal processing and information hiding techniques. It includes multimedia representation, need for multimedia, digital watermarking fundamentals and requirements of watermarking. The second part describes the recent advances in multimedia signal processing. The third part presents information hiding techniques including steganography, secret sharing and watermarking. The final part of this book includes practical applications of intelligent multimedia signal processing and data hiding systems. Appendix includes source codes and/or executables related to the topics in some chapters. Interested readers are invited to use these programs.
Intelligent Leadership : Constructs for Thinking Education Leaders
This book pulls together the thinking of 16 educators with diverse backgrounds and experiences, all of whom hold keen interests in harnessing the forces that can improve educational opportunity for students. Becoming an effective education leader requires more than a passing knowledge of leadership theory; it also requires knowledge of what works in education and an on-going commitment to thinking about how leadership dynamics and pedagogical theory intersect within contextual realities. Intelligent Leadership: Constructs for Thinking Education Leaders is intended to stimulate the thinking of every educator who aspires to influence decision-making and to provide direction to their school, district or institution.
Intelligent Algorithms for Packing and Cutting Problem
Introduces intelligent solving algorithms for classical packing and cutting problem and their variants / Investigates novel methods, e.g. reinforcement learning algorithms, for rectangular and irregular packing problems / Presents practical engineering application cases in combination of theory and practice / investigates in detail the two-dimensional packing and cutting problems in the field of operations research and management science. It introduces the mathematical models and intelligent solving algorithms for these problems, as well as their engineering applications. Most intelligent methods reported in this book have already been applied in reality, which can provide reference for the engineers. The presented novel methods for the two-dimensional packing problem provide a new way to solve the problem for researchers interested in operations research or computer science. This book also introduces three new variants of packing problems and their solving methods, which offer a different research direction.
Intelligence and Security Informatics for International Security : Information Sharing and Data Mining
Reflects a decade of leading-edge research on intelligence and security informatics from the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the NSF COPLINK Center for Homeland Security Information Technology Research, as well as the application in real-world community situations by the center’s director and the book’s author, Dr. Hsinchun Chen.
Integrable Hamiltonian Hierarchies : Spectral and Geometric Methods
This book presents a detailed derivation of the spectral properties of the Recursion Operators allowing one to derive all the fundamental properties of the soliton equations and to study their Hamiltonian hierarchies. Thus it is demonstrated that the inverse scattering method for solving soliton equations is a nonlinear generalization of the Fourier transform. The book brings together the spectral and the geometric approaches and as such will be useful to a wide readership: from researchers in the field of nonlinear completely integrable evolution equations to graduate and post-graduate students.
Integer programming and combinatorial optimization ; 9th International IPCO Conference, Cambridge, MA, USA, May 27-29, 2002. Proceedings
This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at IPCO 2002, the NinthInternationalConferenceonIntegerProgrammingandCombinatorial- timization, Cambridge, MA (USA), May 27–29, 2002. The IPCO series of c- ferences highlights recent developments in theory, computation, and application of integer programming and combinatorial optimization. IPCO was established in 1988 when the ?rst IPCO program committee was formed. IPCO is held every year in which no International Symposium on Ma- ematical Programming (ISMP) takes places. The ISMP is triennial, so IPCO conferences are held twice in every three-year period. The eight previous IPCO conferences were held in Waterloo (Canada) 1990, Pittsburgh (USA) 1992, Erice (Italy) 1993, Copenhagen (Denmark) 1995, Vancouver (Canada) 1996, Houston (USA) 1998, Graz (Austria) 1999, and Utrecht (The Netherlands) 2001. In response to the call for papers for IPCO 2002, the program committee received 110 submissions, a record number for IPCO. The program committee met on January 7 and 8, 2002, in Aussois (France), and selected 33 papers for inclusion in the scienti?c program of IPCO 2002. The selection was based on originality and quality, and re?ects many of the current directions in integer programming and combinatorial optimization research.
