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Multilingual Information Access for Text, Speech and Images ; 5th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2004, Bath, UK, September 15-17, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
The ?fth campaign of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) for Eu- pean languages was held from January to September 2004. Participation in the CLEF campaigns has increased each year and CLEF 2004 was no exception: 55 groups submitted results for one or more of the di?erent tracks compared with 42 groups in the previous year. CLEF 2004 also marked a breaking point with respect to previous campaigns. The focus was no longer mainly concentrated on multilingual document retrieval as in previous years but was diversi?ed to include di?erent kinds of text retrieval across languages (e. g. , exact answers in the question-answering track) and retrieval on di?erent kinds of media (i. e. , not just plain text but collections containing image and speech as well). In ad- tion, increasing attention was given to issues that regard system usability and user satisfaction with tasks to measure the e?ectiveness of interactive systems or system components being included in both the cross-language question - swering and image retrieval tasks with the collaboration of the coordinators of the interactive track. The campaign culminated in a two-and-a-half-day workshop held in Bath, UK, 15–17 September, immediately following the 8th European Conference on Digital Libraries. The workshop was attended by nearly 100 researchers and s- tem developers.
Multibody Mechanics and Visualization
Multibody Mechanics and Visualization is designed to appeal to computer-savvy students who will acquire significant skills in mathematical and physical modelling of mechanical systems in the process of producing attractive computer simulations and animations.
Multibody Dynamics : Computational Methods and Applications
This book contains the revised and extended versions of selected conference communications, representing the state-of-the-art in the advances on computational multibody models, from the most abstract mathematical developments to practical engineering applications. This book will be highly valuable for experienced researchers that want to keep updated on the details of the latest driving ideas in this field. It will also be of interest to researchers approaching the field for the first time, since it provides a useful overview of the most active areas and the efforts devoted by many prominent research groups worldwide.
Morphometrics with R
The R language and environment offers a single platform to perform a multitude of analyses from the acquisition of data to the production of static and interactive graphs. This offers an ideal environment to analyze shape variation and shape change. This open-source language is accessible for novices and for experienced users. Adopting R gives the user and developer several advantages for performing morphometrics: evolvability, adaptability, interactivity, a single and comprehensive platform, possibility of interfacing with other languages and software, custom analyses, and graphs. The book explains how to use R for morphometrics and provides a series of examples of codes and displays covering approaches ranging from traditional morphometrics to modern statistical shape analysis such as the analysis of landmark data, Thin Plate Splines, and Fourier analysis of outlines.
MooTools Essentials : The Official MooTools Reference for JavaScript™ and Ajax Development
Mootools is a light, modular JavaScript framework that makes adding Ajax, animations, and interactive elements to your site a breeze. But it's more than fancy effects and shortcuts; Mootools enhances the JavaScript language and makes writing clean, object–oriented code almost pleasant. Unlocking the power of Mootools, and therefore JavaScript, isn't that hard, but knowing where to start can be.
Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods 2006
This book represents the refereed proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing, held in Ulm (Germany) in August 2006. The proceedings include carefully selected papers on many aspects of Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods and their applications, as well as providing information on current research in these very active areas. Besides covering theory, the book is an excellent resource work for practitioners as well.
Mono-Cycle Photonics and Optical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy : Route to Femtosecond Ångstrom Technology
"Mono-Cycle Photonics and Optical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy" deals with both the ultrashort laser-pulse technology in the few- to mono-cycle region and the laser-surface-controlled scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM) extending into the spatiotemporal extreme technology. The former covers the theory of nonlinear pulse propagation beyond the slowly-varing-envelope approximation, the generation and active chirp compensation of ultrabroadband optical pulses, the amplitude and phase characterization of few- to mono-cycle pulses, and the feedback field control for the mono-cycle-like pulse generation. In addition, the wavelength-multiplex shaping of ultrabroadband pulse is described. The latter covers the CW-laser-excitation STM, the femtosecond-time-resolved STM and atomic-level surface phenomena controlled by femtosecond pulses.
Molluscs : From Chemo-ecological Study to Biotechnological Application
Marine molluscs are very promising candidates for a wide range of biotechnological applications. For example, they possess analgesic drugs more potent than morphine and very effective anticancer agents. The present book gives an up-to-date overview of the main classes of bioactive compounds from molluscs, moving from ecological observations, to chemical characterization, to biosynthesis, to large-scale synthesis, and to pharmacological applications. A truly outstanding international panel of experts from all continents provides complete coverage of the most stimulating topics related to molluscs. This knowledge of their history and current studies provides an open door to the future.
Molecular Wires : From Design to Properties
In the emerging field of nanoscience the desire to construct objects which in the molecular scale can resemble and act as macroscopic devices is a constant trend. Amongst the simplest but also most attractive functional component molecular wires are surely the most investigated. The reason for such interest is quite obvious since wires, in today world, are used all around us and are the most indispensable unit to assemble any type of electronic devices.In this issue the synthesis and characterization of molecular wires based on organic or metal complexes components, their properties and some theoretical background will be illustrated.
Molecular Processes in Plasmas : Collisions of Charged Particles with Molecules
Molecular Processes in Plasmas describes elementary collision processes in plasmas, particularly those involving molecules or molecular ions. Those collision processes (called molecular processes) maintain plasmas, produce reactive species and emissions, and play a key role in energy balance in plasmas or more specifically in determining the energy distribution of plasma particles.
Molecular Pharmacognosy
This book discusses the application of molecular biology in resource science and authentication of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It also reviews the latest developments in pharmacognosy, introduces new perspectives and insights, discusses the hotspots and focuses in the field of molecular pharmacognosy, and predicts new directions of study. In the last five years, the technologies and scope of molecular pharmacognosy have constantly expanded and evolved. As such, this new edition includes extra content, such as the molecular phylogeography of medicinal plants, functional genome of medicinal plants, and synthetic biology of active compounds. Elucidating the concept, theory, and methodology of molecular pharmacognosy, it promotes the full use of the newly developed technologies and methodologies within the framework of molecular pharmacognosy to solve problems in the field.
Molecular mechanisms of functional food
Provides information on the development and validation of functional foods towards their market and industrial application. It covers the available information on developments, efficacy, and testing and safety, while demonstrating the proven or potential effects of food on health and disease.
Modern natural product synthesis
Describes the details of the synthesis routes including unexpected reactions and syntheses. By presenting detailed stories behind the total synthesis developments, including those routes that were unsuccessful the book provides the reader with a better understanding of how other researchers devise their strategy and overcome difficulties in their studies. The contributions in the book have focused on highlighting the research from Japan however it is appealing to researchers and students worldwide. This compilation of cutting-edge natural product synthesis provides high-quality expertise, especially to graduate students and young researchers, regarding research on synthetic organic chemistry. It can be utilized as teaching material in university seminars as well as provide guidance to researchers in the area of total synthesis.
Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology
Morphometrics has undergone a revolutionary transformation in the past two decades as new methods have been developed to address shortcomings in the traditional multivirate analysis of linear distances, angles, and indices. While there is much active research in the field, the new approaches to shape analysis are already making significant and ever-increasing contributions to biological research, including physical anthropology. Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology highlights the basic machinery of the most important methods, while introducing novel extensions to these methods and illustrating how they provide enhanced results compared to more traditional approaches. Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology provides a comprehensive sampling of the applications of modern, sophisticated methods of shape analysis in anthropology, and serves as a starting point for the exploration of these practices by students and researchers who might otherwise lack the local expertise or training to get started. This text is an important resource for the general morphometric community that includes ecologists, evolutionary biologists, systematists, and medical researchers.
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics
This volume describes modern developments in reflective, refractive and diffractive optics for short wavelength radiation as well as recent theoretical approaches to modelling and ray-tracing the X-ray and neutron optical systems. It is based on the joint research activities of specialists in X-ray and neutron optics from 11 countries, working together under the framework of the European Programme for Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST, Action P7) in the period 2002--2006. The chapters are written by leading specialists from European laboratories, universities and large facilities. In addition to new ideas and concepts, the contents provide a large amount of practical information about recently implemented devices and methods.
Modeling, Control and Implementation of Smart Structures : A FEM-State Space Approach
This monograph presents an introductory overview of smart structures, their concepts, their active involvement in the vibration control, their applications and the extensive research work done on it so far. The modelling of flexible beams using two types of beam theories, viz., the Euler-Bernoulli theory and the Timoshenko beam theory is presented, including a new concept of finite element modeling of the flexible structures using Timoshenko beam theory with the inclusion of the shear both in the piezo-patches as well as in the host structure. It presents the design of the periodic output feedback control system for smart structure systems, the design of the FOS controllers for active vibration control and the design of Discrete Sliding Mode controllers using multirate output feedback technique.
Model-Driven Development of Reliable Automotive Services ; 2nd Automotive Software Workshop, ASWSD 2006, San Diego, CA, USA, March 15-17, 2006, Revised Selected Papers
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Second Automotive Software Workshop, ASWSD 2006, held in San Diego, CA, USA in March 2006.The 11 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 lectures held at the workshop, that brought together experts from industry and academia, working on highly complex, distributed, reactive software systems related to the automotive domain. The papers are organized in topical sections on modeling techniques and infrastructures, model transformations, quality assurance, real-time control, as well as services and components.
Model-Based Testing of Reactive Systems : Advanced Lectures
This book is based on a seminar held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in January 2004. It presents 19 carefully reviewed and revised lectures given at the seminar in a well-balanced way ensuring competent complementary coverage of all relevant aspects. An appendix provides a glossary for model-based testing and basics on finite state machines and on labelled transition systems. The lectures are presented in topical sections on testing of finite state machines, testing of labelled transition systems, model-based test case generation, tools and case studies, standardized test notation and execution architectures, and beyond testing.
Model-Based Reasoning in Science, Technology, and Medicine
The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the international conference Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Medicine (MBR’06 China), held at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China in July 2006. The presentations given at the conference explored how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. Some addressed the problem of model-based reasoning in technology, and stressed the issue of technological innovation and medical reasoning. The various contributions of the book are written by interdisciplinary researchers who are active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology: the most recent results and achievements about the topics above are illustrated in detail in the papers.
Modal Array Signal Processing : Principles and Applications of Acoustic Wavefield Decomposition
Many applications of acoustic signal processing, such as teleconferencing and surveillance systems, require an estimate of several parameters present in the observed acoustic wavefield. The most important parameters are the number as well as the location of active acoustic sources. This book deals with the problem of detecting and localizing multiple simultaneously active wideband acoustic sources by applying the notion of wavefield decomposition using circular and spherical microphone arrays. The decomposed wavefield representation is used to serve as a basis for so-called modal array signal processing algorithms, which have the significant advantage over classical array signal processing algorithms that they inherently support multiple wideband acoustic sources. A rigorous derivation of modal array signal processing algorithms for unambiguous source detection and localization as well as performance evaluations by means of measurements using an actual real-time capable implementation are discussed.
