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Resource Ecology : Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Foraging
This multi-author book deals with ‘resource ecology’, which is the ecology of trophic interactions between consumers and their resources. Resource ecology is perhaps the most central part of ecology. In its linkage between foraging theory and spatial ecology, it shows how old and fundamental questions can be tackled afresh. It addresses crucial aspects of the interactions between consumers and resources. Foraging is the central process in resource ecology because it leads to growth, survival and reproduction of the animal. Resource ecology forms the basis for comprehending the functioning of multi-species assemblages, and is thus key to grasp the organisation of biodiversity.
Resource and market projections for forest policy development : Twenty-five years of experience with the US RPA timber assessment
This book provides essential reading to anyone interested in projecting the future of either the forest products market and/or the forest resource conditions. The text provides literature surveys on relevant modeling issues and policy concerns, and demonstrates the application of the modeling system using a "base case" 50 year projection and a small set of scenarios to illustrate.
Research Methods in Dentistry
Assists dental students with their academic research activities and help them to be competitive in today’s fast-growing research environment. It is designed as a core text for dental school classes such as Research Methodology and Scientific and Technical Writing, as well as Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training.
Reproductive Health and the Environment
The link between reproductive health and the environment has been strengthened by the findings of recent studies. It is becoming increasingly important to link results and data from such studies into a model that aids in the explanation of phenomena observed in the field and facilitates predictability. To this end, the aim of this book is to review recent trends and developments in the study of the impact that the environment has on human reproduction. These issues are thoroughly examined, using the most modern techniques and methods available, to analyze the manner in which both male and female fertility can be affected and assessed. Such diverse factors as toxic environmental contaminants, air pollution, and exposure to medical drugs are examined. The book includes both a historical overview and a look towards the future, aiming to integrate health concerns into policy-making and legislation.
Reproduction and Fitness in Baboons : Behavioral, Ecological, and Life History Perspectives
This volume brings together current research on the behavior, ecology, reproduction, and life history - and the interrelations among these variables - of baboons of the genus Papio. Baboons, found throughout Africa and into Arabia, represent one of the best-known primate lineages, renowned for their ecological and behavioral flexibility and adaptability.
Representation learning for natural language processing
Provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms, and applications for natural language processing (NLP), ranging from word embeddings to pre-trained language models. It is divided into four parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, sentences and documents, as well as pre-training techniques. Part II then introduces the related representation techniques to NLP, including graphs, cross-modal entries, and robustness. Part III then introduces the representation techniques for the knowledge that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, legal domain knowledge and biomedical domain knowledge. Lastly, Part IV discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions..
Representation and Brain
Understanding brain functions, especially the neural mechanisms of higher cognitive processes such as thinking, reasoning, judging, and decision making, are the subjects covered by the research in the chapters of this book.
Reoviruses : Entry, Assembly and Morphogenesis
This book reviews our current understanding of Reoviridae entry, disassembly/assembly and egress in addition to updating high resolution structures of viral proteins and capsids from three different genera of the family.
Renal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy
This book series offers a comprehensive and logically organized introduction to clinical pharmacy as applied to renal medicine. The volume opens with a review of renal pharmacokinetics: absorption; distribution; metabolism; and elimination, as well as drug dosing in renal impairment, and important knowledge specific to aging and renal impairment. Acute kidney injury receives extensive attention, including pre-renal, intra-renal, and post-renal injuries. The book also outlines the role of clinical pharmacy in chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure. Additional chapters provide detailed information on the methods and pharmacokinetics of renal dialysis, and the epidemiology and management of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
Remembering and disremembering the dead : Posthumous punishment, harm and redemption over time
This book is a multidisciplinary work that investigates the notion of posthumous harm over time. The question what is and when is death, affects how we understand the possibility of posthumous harm and redemption. Whilst it is impossible to hurt the dead, it is possible to harm the wishes, beliefs and memories of persons that once lived. In this way, this book highlights the vulnerability of the dead, and makes connections to a historical oeuvre, to add critical value to similar concepts in history that are overlooked by most philosophers. There is a long historical view of case studies that illustrate the conceptual character of posthumous punishment; that is, dissection and gibbetting of the criminal corpse after the Murder Act (1752), and those shot at dawn during the First World War. A long historical view is also taken of posthumous harm; that is, body-snatching in the late Georgian period, and organ-snatching at Alder Hey in the 1990s.
Remediation in medical education : A mid-course correction
Concentrates on medical student learners mainly in the United States. Since then, the literature has exploded, offering a wider range of remediation practices for all levels of learners in all health professions throughout the world. This new edition continues to offer evidence-based, theory-informed, and pragmatic approaches to identifying and remediating trainees who cannot yet perform to standards. Illustrative case studies frame practical and programmatic advice from experienced front-line educators.
Remediation in medical education : A mid-course correction
Offers an evidence-based and practical approach to the identification and remediation of medical trainees who are unable to perform to standards. As assessment of clinical competence and professionalism has become more sophisticated and ubiquitous, medical educators increasingly face the challenge of implementing effective and respectful means to work with trainees who do not yet meet expectations of the profession and society.
Regulatory T Cells in Inflammation
Regulatory T-cells are essential components of the immune system, and several different subsets of regulatory T-cells have been described. Considerable regulatory function has been attributed to the CD4+CD25+ T-cell subset. These cells act by suppressing adaptive and possibly innate immune responses thereby maintaining or restoring the balance between immunity and tolerance. The suppressive effects of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells are cell-contact dependent. Recent developments and viewpoints in the field of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells as well as the potential use of regulatory T-cells in immunotherapy of inflammatory diseases are discussed in this volume. By linking data from experimental models with recent findings from the clinic.
Regulatory Mechanisms of Striated Muscle Contraction
This volume covers the entire spectrum of research on troponin and related muscle proteins, including pathophysiological and clinical aspects.
Regulation of Sertoli Cell and Germ Cell Differentiation
Unwanted childlessness affects approximately one in six couples worldwide. - though the exact proportion of the predominant cause of the problem remains controversial, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), in nearly 40% of cases the cause can be attributed to the female, in 20% to the male, in 25% to both, and in 15% the cause remains unknown. Based on these ?gures, the - cidence of male factor infertility in the general population is approximately 7%. The majority of these men, approximately 30%, experience irreversible idiopathic infertility and cannot father children without some form of medical intervention. Male factor infertility, in addition, may be caused by testicular germ cell cancer, which is known to represent the most common cancer among young men, aged 15 to 35 years, in Western industrialized countries. The number of affected men has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. There is now growing evidence that human testicular germ cell cancer originates from fetal germ cells exhibiting an aberrant programme of gene expression, and tumour progression may be favoured by an aberrant Sertoli cell-germ cell communication.
Regulation of Gene Expression in the Tumor Environment : Regulation of melanoma progression by the microenvironment: the roles of PAR-1 and PAFR
It is now becoming very clear that the development and progression of tumor towards the malignant (metastatic) phenotype depends tightly on the interaction between the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells respond to stimuli generated within the tumor microenvironment for their growth advantage while the tumor cell themselves reshape and remodel the architecture and function of their extracellular matrices. The term tumor microenvironment is a wide umbrella consisting of stromal cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells and infiltration immune cells including T and B cells, macrophages, and other inflammatory cells (PMNs). These different components of the tumor microenvironment could have stimulatory and inhibitory effects on tumor progression by regulating the gene expression repertoire within the tumor cells on one hand and the stroma cells on the other. In this volume we have seven contributors who will discuss several different aspects on the cross talk within the tumor microenvironment components leading to the acquisition of the metastatic phenotype. It is our hope that these state-of-the-art studies will shed further light on our understanding of these complicated processes.
Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants : The Role of Transcript Structure and Processing
Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants presents some of the most recent, novel and fascinating examples of transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of gene expression in plants and, where appropriate, provides comparison to notable examples of animal gene regulation.
Regulation of Gene Expression : Molecular Mechanisms
This volume provides a clear, concise overview of the protocols and techniques used to examine chemically or disease-mediated alterations in gene expression in mammalian systems.
Regulation of carcinogenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis by the proprotein convertases (PCs) : A new potential strategy in cancer therapy
The purpose of this book is to provide detailed and updated information on the role of these molecules in cancer. This book is the first to summarize current knowledge about the importance of protein precursors maturation by the convertases in tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. In each chapter, the importance of the convertases in the activation of various cancer-related molecules including growth factors, adhesion molecules and proteases is discussed. Also this book covers the role of some convertases in the clinical setting.
Regression Methods in Biostatistics : Linear, Logistic, Survival, and Repeated Measures Models
This new book provides a unified, in-depth, readable introduction to the multipredictor regression methods most widely used in biostatistics: linear models for continuous outcomes, logistic models for binary outcomes, the Cox model for right-censored survival times, repeated-measures models for longitudinal and hierarchical outcomes, and generalized linear models for counts and other outcomes.
