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Free Energy Calculations : Theory and Applications in Chemistry and Biology
This volume sets out to present a coherent and comprehensive account of the concepts that underlie different approaches devised for the determination of free energies. The reader will gain the necessary insight into the theoretical and computational foundations of the subject and will be presented with relevant applications from molecular-level modelling and simulations of chemical and biological systems. Both formally accurate and approximate methods are covered using both classical and quantum mechanical descriptions. A central theme of the book is that the wide variety of free energy calculation techniques available today can be understood as different implementations of a few basic principles.
Free Energy and Self-Interacting Particles
This book examines a system of parabolic-elliptic partial differential eq- tions proposed in mathematical biology, statistical mechanics, and chemical kinetics. In the context of biology, this system of equations describes the chemotactic feature of cellular slime molds and also the capillary formation of blood vessels in angiogenesis. There are several methods to derive this system. One is the biased random walk of the individual, and another is the reinforced random walk of one particle modelled on the cellular automaton. In the context of statistical mechanics or chemical kinetics, this system of equations describes the motion of a mean field of many particles, interacting under the gravitational inner force or the chemical reaction
Free Convection Film Flows and Heat Transfer
This book presents recent developments in systematic studies of hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer in laminar free convection, accelerating film boiling and condensation of Newtonian fluids, as well as accelerating film flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluids (FFNF). A novel system of analysis models is provided with a developed velocity component method, instead of traditional Falkner-Skan type transformation, and a system of models for treatment of variable thermophysical properties is presented with an innovative temperature parameter method that makes it easier to similarly treat related governing differential equations for consideration of fluid variable thermophysical properties. A pseudo-similarity method is applied for dealing with thermal boundary layer of FFNF, furthermore, with an induced local Prandtl number, which greatly simplifies the heat-transfer analysis and numerical calculation.
Free Boundary Problems : Theory and Applications
This book gathersa collection of refereed articles containing original result srepo- ing the recent originalcontributions of the lectures and communications presented at the Free Boundary Problems (FBP2005) Conference that took place at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, from 7 to 12 of June 2005. They deal with the Mathematics of a broad class of models and problems involving nonlinear partial diferentialequationsarising inPhysics, Engineering, Biology and Finance. Among the main topics, the talks considered free boundary problems in biomedicine, in porous media, in thermodynamic modeling.
Fragmentation of Rings and Shells : The Legacy of N.F. Mott
The present book surveys the theoretical analysis put forth by Mott with particular focus on his efforts to characterize the size and distribution of fragments resulting from a dynamic fragmentation event. Copies of the original internal reports of Mott and his co-workers are included. The book also pursues additional theoretical analysis with the intent of delving further into the physical ideas and unfinished analysis implicit in Mott`s original studies. This book will be of interest to all scientists and engineers concerned with the dynamic fracture and fragmentation of solid bodies subject to intense transient loads imparted by explosive detonation and high-velocity impact from both the historical and modern perspective.
Fracture Mechanics : With an Introduction to Micromechanics
Concerned with the fundamental concepts and methods of fracture mechanics and micromechanics, Fracture Mechanics primarily focuses on the mechanical description of fracture processes; however, material specific aspects are also discussed. The presentation of continuum mechanical and phenomenological foundations is followed by an introduction into classical failure hypotheses. A major part of the book is devoted to linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. Further subjects are creep fracture, dynamic fracture mechanics, damage mechanics, probabilistic fracture mechanics, failure of thin films and fracture of piezoelectric materials. The book also contains an extensive introduction into micromechanics.
Fracture Mechanics : Inverse Problems and Solutions
This book presents, in a unified manner, a variety of topics in Continuum and Fracture Mechanics: energy methods, conservation laws, mathematical methods to solve two-dimensional and three-dimensional crack problems.
Fractional order systems and applications in engineering
Covers the fundamentals of fractional calculus together with some analytical and numerical techniques, and provides MATLAB® codes for the simulation of fractional-order control (FOC) systems. The use of fractional calculus can improve and generalize well-established control methods and strategies. Many different FOC schemes are presented for control and dynamic systems problems. These extend to the challenging control engineering design problems of robust and nonlinear control. Practical material relating to a wide variety of applications including, among others, mechatronics, civil engineering, irrigation and water management, and biological systems is also provided.
Fractals in Biology and Medicine : Beyond Planting Trees
This volume it highlights the potential that fractal geometry offers for elucidating and explaining the complex make-up of cells, tissues and biological organisms either in normal or in pathological conditions, including the structural changes that occur in tumours. It helps develop the concepts, questions and methods required in research on fractal biology and natural phenomena and to evidence the pitfalls of a too simplistic application of these principles in investigating topical subjects of biology and medicine. It discusses present and future applications of fractal geometry, bringing together cellular and molecular biology, engineering, mathematics, physics, medicine and other disciplines and allowing an interdisciplinary vision.
Fractal Geometry, Complex Dimensions and Zeta Functions : Geometry and Spectra of Fractal Strings
Number theory, spectral geometry, and fractal geometry are interlinked in this in-depth study of the vibrations of fractal strings, that is, one-dimensional drums with fractal boundary. Key Features The Riemann hypothesis is given a natural geometric reformulation in the context of vibrating fractal strings Complex dimensions of a fractal string, defined as the poles of an associated zeta function, are studied in detail, then used to understand the oscillations intrinsic to the corresponding fractal geometries and frequency spectra Explicit formulas are extended to apply to the geometric, spectral, and dynamical zeta functions associated with a fractal Examples of such explicit formulas include a Prime Orbit Theorem with error term for self-similar flows, and a geometric tube formula The method of Diophantine approximation is used to study self-similar strings and flows Analytical and geometric methods are used to obtain new results about the vertical distribution of zeros of number-theoretic and other zeta functions Throughout new results are examined. The final chapter gives a new definition of fractality as the presence of nonreal complex dimensions with positive real parts, and discusses several open problems and extensions.
Fractal Behaviour of the Earth System
In this volume a collection of - pers considers the fractal behavior of the Earth's continental crust. Surface gravity anomalies are known to exhibit power-law spectral behavior under a wide range of conditions and scales. La Manna utilize multifractal models to explain the behavior of well logs from the main KTB borehole in Germany.
Foundations of Microsoft® Expression Web : The Basics and Beyond
Expression Web, one of the excellent programs within the suite, is a powerful web site creation tool that allows you to rapidly build up standards-compliant web pages, style them with CSS, add dynamic ASP.NET functionality to them, and publish them to the weball from the comfort of one program, and "Foundations of Microsoft Expression Web: The Basics and Beyond" is one of the first books available on the program.
Foundations of learning classifier systems
This volume brings together recent theoretical work in Learning Classifier Systems (LCS), which is a Machine Learning technique combining Genetic Algorithms and Reinforcement Learning. It includes self-contained background chapters on related fields (reinforcement learning and evolutionary computation) tailored for a classifier systems audience and written by acknowledged authorities in their area - as well as a relevant historical original work by John Holland.
Foundations of Global Genetic Optimization
This book is devoted to the application of genetic algorithms in continuous global optimization. Some of their properties and behavior are highlighted and formally justified. Various optimization techniques and their taxonomy are the background for detailed discussion. The nature of continuous genetic search is explained by studying the dynamics of probabilistic measure, which is utilized to create subsequent populations. This approach shows that genetic algorithms can be used to extract some areas of the search domain more effectively than to find isolated local minima. The biological metaphor of such behavior is the whole population surviving by rapid exploration of new regions of feeding rather than caring for a single individual. One group of strategies that can make use of this property are two-phase global optimization methods. In the first phase the central parts of the basins of attraction are distinguished by genetic population analysis. Afterwards, the minimizers are found by convex optimization methods executed in parallel.
Foundations of Atlas : Rapid Ajax Development with ASP.NET 2.0
This book introduces a fast-track path to understanding Atlas, and how this technology can increase the power and functionality of your code while conserving time and effort. The book begins with a bare-bones introduction that explains how Atlas relates to Ajax. Microsoft Atlas is a web-client framework that makes building Ajax-style applications easier. It provides a prewritten framework that gives you a structured environment in which to work. Atlas also provides you with an object model and standardized debugging to make development faster and simpler. Ajax is a way of combining a number of Web technologies including JavaScript, dynamic HTML, and a feature known as XMLHttp (which reduces the need for client browsers to constantly reconnect to the server every time new information is downloaded). But at the moment, people developing with Ajax have to write their code from the ground up, which is complex and time consuming.
Foundations of ASP.NET AJAX
Foundations of ASP.NET AJAX gives you a detailed grounding in how ASP.NET AJAX works. It takes you swiftly through the basic principles of Ajax, then deep into the heart of the technology, where every namespace is discussed and every function considered. By the end of the book, you'll know all the essentials to confidently produce cutting-edge ASP.NET AJAX applications swiftly and professionally.
Foundations of Agile Python Development
You've long been enamored with the Python language, and have mastered its many nuances. Yet something seems to be missing—a productivity boost that you know is possible but you're not sure how to go about it. This was the sentiment of so many developers before discovering Agile programming paradigm, which embraces concepts such as automation, effective code management, and test–driven development. Foundations of Agile Python Development is the first book to apply these sought–after principles to Python developers, introducing both the tools and techniques built and supported by the Python community. Authored by Jeff Younker, a well–known member of Python's agile community who is perhaps best known for his creation of a popular Python testing framework
Foundation Web Design with Dreamweaver 8
Dreamweaver is Macromedia's bestselling web design/development environment. Dreamweaver has the capability to generate dynamic website code using server-side languages like ASP, PHP, and ASP.NET. We know that you don't always require a full database-driven site though, so this book focuses on using version 8 of Dreamweaver to design and create usable, standards-compliant websites using XHTML and CSS. One of the highlights of this version is much closer, tighter CSS/XHTML. This book will show you how to make the most of that feature. After a brief introduction to the latest version of Dreamweaver, and how CSS and XHTML fit into it, Craig Grannell looks at using the software for your web design projects in a hands-on, task based manner.
Foundation PHP for Dreamweaver 8
In this book, we look specifically at using Dreamweaver's built-in server behaviors to build dynamic web sites using PHP and MySQL, the world's most popular open source server-side language and database server combination, which are both reliable, powerful, and open source (and therefore free to use). This version of Dreamweaver includes more powerful support for PHP and MySQL than ever before, and we'll show you how to make this work for you. No previous experience of PHP or MySQL is necessary to use this book. Examples built throughout the book include a content management system, and an online image gallery. All examples are designed to meet modern usability requirements and be web standards-compliant.
Foundation Form Creation with Adobe LiveCycle Designer ES
Form creation is key to information processing and forms workflow is a key concept within Adobe LiveCycle Enterprise Suite. Adobe LiveCycle Forms ES is a stand-alone product that also comes bundled with Adobe LiveCycle Enterprise Suite. This is the first and only book about this new product specifically created for the design, creation, and processing of dynamically interactive forms. Foundation Form Creation with Adobe LiveCycle Designer ES is written for users of all abilities, with introductory material for beginners and advanced techniques for more experienced users. It discusses both the best-practices of designing forms that work and the specifics of implementing them efficiently for data collection—the full life cycle of working with forms.
