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Tutorials in Mathematical Biosciences IV : Evolution and Ecology
The book offers an easy introduction to fast growing research areas in evolution of species, population genetics, ecological models, and population dynamics. The first two chapters review the concept and methodologies of phylogenetic trees; computational schemes and illustrations are given, including applications such as tracing the origin of SARS and influenza. The third chapter introduces the reader to ecological models, including predator-prey models. This chapter includes and introduction to reaction-diffusion equations, which are used to analyze the ecological models. The next chapter reviews a broad range of ongoing research in population dynamics, including evolution of dispersal models; it also features interesting mathematical theorems and lists open problems.
Turning up the Heat on Pain : TRPV1 Receptors in Pain and Inflammation
In Chapter 1 of this volume, Janos Szolcsányi reviews this early research, which culminated with the seminal studies of Nicholas Jansco and his c- leagues in Hungary in the 1940s. Since then, capsaicin and related vanilloid c- pounds have played a prominent role in analgesia and inflammation investigations because of their ability to selectively activate a subpopulation of sensory neurons and produce sensations of pain and localized erythema.
Tropical Fruits and Frugivores : The Search for Strong Interactors
In this book we undertake one of the first global-scale comparisons of the relationships between tropical plants and frugivorous animal communities, comparing sites within and across continents. In total, 12 primary contributors, including noted plant and animal ecologists, present newly-analyzed long-term datasets on the floristics and phenological rhythms of their study sites, identifying important seed dispersers and key plant taxa that sustain animal communities in Africa, Madagascar, Australasia, and the Neotropics.
Tropical Forest Ecology : The Basis for Conservation and Management
Research in tropical forestry is confronted with the task of finding strategies to alleviate pressure on remaining forests and techniques to enhance forest regeneration and restore abandoned lands, using productive alternatives that can be attractive to local human populations. In addition, sustainable forestry in tropical countries must be supported by adequate policies to promote and maintain specific activities at local and regional scales. Here, a multi-disciplinary approach is presented to better the understanding of tropical forest ecology, as a necessary step in developing adequate strategies for conservation and management.
Traumatic dental Injuries in children : A clinical guide to management and prevention
This book is a clinical guide to the prevention and management of traumatic dental injuries, including crown and root fractures and luxation injuries, in children of all ages. Readers will find clear descriptions of the challenges posed by the pediatric population, the evaluation of injuries, diagnosis, management, and follow-up.
Trauma and Resilience Among Displaced Populations : A Sociocultural Exploration
This book provides an enriched understanding of historical, collective, cultural, and identity-related trauma, emphasising the social and political location of human subjects. It therefore presents a socio-ecological perspective on trauma, rather than viewing displaced individuals as traumatised “passive victims”.
Transport Equations in Biology
The book contains many ex- ples without mathematical analysis.In some other cases complete mathematical proofs are detailed, but the choice has been a compromise between technicality and ease of interpretation of the mathematical result. It is usual in the ?eld to see mathematics as a blackboxwhere to enter specifc models, often at the expense of simplifcations. Here, the idea is di?erent; the mathematical proof should be close to the ‘natural’ structure of the model and refect somehow its meaning in terms of applications. Dealing with frstorder PDEs,onecould think that the senotesarerelyingon the burden of using the method of characteristics and of defning weak solutions.
Transboundary Water Resources : A Foundation for Regional Stability in Central Asia
The Central Asian republics and neighboring countries are currently experiencing these problems - problems that will become exacerbated by global climate change, increasing population and growing demands for water. In response to these growing concerns, on 20-22 June 2006, Research Workshop (ARW) entitled, “Facilitating Regional Security in Central Asia through Improved Management of Transboundary Water Basin Resources”.
Tooling
The latest instalment in the renowned Pamphlet Architecture series features the technologically progressive young firm Aranda/Lasch, illustrating their use of advanced computational methods and algorithmic code in architectural design. Tooling is broken down into seven sections: blending, cracking, flocking, losing, packing, spiralling, and weaving, each corresponding to a pattern generated by computer codes, which in turn creates an organizational template for putting projects together - from building materials to large-scale populations. Each section is broken down through a simple recipe that describes the organizational template; sketches and geometric diagrams of that recipe; an architectural project that utilizes the algorithms; and finally the computer code of the various algorithms created for the book.
Time and Space in Economics
In August 2005, a small but important conference took place at Chuo University in Tokyo, Japan. This international conference, the Chuo Meeting on Economics of Time and Space 2005 (Chuo METS 05), aimed to enrich the respective disciplines of the economics of time (dynamic economics) and the economics of space (spatial economics) and to expand their applicability in the real world. The chapters contained herein are based on the papers presented at that conference. Part I of the book deals with Keynesian macrodynamics, which allows for the existence of involuntary unemployment; Part II focuses on nonlinear dynamics, with an emphasis on the complexity that is generated as a result of the nonlinearity of the system; Part III consists of an empirical analysis of spatial economics through geographical relationships with economic activity; and Part IV analyzes the effects of spatial competition between economic organizations or agents on economic performance in a region.
Therapy Related Leukemia
As the population of cancer survivors continues to grow, there is a great need to term health of this population. Nearly one in five cancers -understand the longdiagnosed today occurs in an individual with a previous diagnosis of cancer, and cancers” are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among these “second the etiology, prevention, and which reported esearchOur rcancer survivors. treatment of second cancers has the potential to improve public health, guide clinical management of survivors, and provide further insight into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Secondary cancer risk following radiotherapy and chemotherapy is an increasingly important topic in clinical oncology with impact on treatment decision making and on patient management. And one of the highest incidence was leukemia . Much of the evidence that underlies our understanding of secondary cancer risks and our risk estimates are derived from large epidemiologic studies that we will talk about it and predictive models of earlier decades with large uncertainties.
Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin
Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin outlines and examines our current understanding of botulinum toxin and its various therapeutic applications. Each chapter focuses on a particular symptom and explains how botulinum toxin is currently used for treatment. The chapter authors are all leaders in their fields and are respected for their progressive approach to treatment. Physicians will benefit not only from those chapters devoted to their particular sub-specialty, but from the inspiring success resulting from the use of botulinum toxin in other patient populations. The concluding chapter examines questions of immunity, explores economic issues, and attempts to forecast future directions for this novel and somewhat mysterious drug. Clinicians across a wide variety of disciplines will refer to this comprehensive reference time and time again.
Therapeutic Hypothermia
This volume will be of interest to both the researcher interested in therapeutic hypothermia as well as the clinician interested in the potential use of therapeutic hypothermia in their patient population.
Theory of Evolutionary Computation : Recent Developments in Discrete Optimization
Reports on recent developments in the theory of evolutionary computation, or more generally the domain of randomized search heuristics. It starts with two chapters on mathematical methods that are often used in the analysis of randomized search heuristics, followed by three chapters on how to measure the complexity of a search heuristic: black-box complexity, a counterpart of classical complexity theory in black-box optimization; parameterized complexity, aimed at a more fine-grained view of the difficulty of problems; and the fixed-budget perspective, which answers the question of how good a solution will be after investing a certain computational budget. The book then describes theoretical results on three important questions in evolutionary computation: how to profit from changing the parameters during the run of an algorithm; how evolutionary algorithms cope with dynamically changing or stochastic environments; and how population diversity influences performance. Finally, the book looks at three algorithm classes that have only recently become the focus of theoretical work: estimation-of-distribution algorithms; artificial immune systems; and genetic programming.
The Welfare of Cats
Animal welfare is attracting increasing interest worldwide, but particularly from those in developed countries, who now have the knowledge and resources to be able to offer the best management systems for their farm animals, as well as potentially being able to offer plentiful resources for companion, zoo and laboratory animals. The increased attention given to farm animal welfare in the West derives largely from the fact that the relentless pursuit of financial reward and efficiency has led to the development of intensive animal production systems, that challenge the conscience of many consumers in those countries. In developing countries human survival is still a daily uncertainty, so that provision for animal welfare has to be balanced against human welfare. Welfare is usually provided for only if it supports the output of the animal, be it food, work, clothing, sport or companionship. In reality, there are resources for all if they are properly husbanded in both developing and developed countries. The inequitable division of the world’s riches creates physical and psychological poverty for humans and animals alike in all sectors of the world. Livestock are the world’s biggest land user (FAO, 2002) and the population is increasing rapidly to meet the need of an expanding human population.
The War on Cancer : An Anatomy of Failure, A Blueprint for the Future
After reviewing the history of cancer and its impact on the population, Dr. Faguet exposes the antiquated notions that have driven cancer drug development, documents the stagnation in treatment outcomes despite major advances in cancer genomics and growing NCI budgets, and identifies the multiple factors that sustain the status quo. He shows that, contrary to frequent announcements of breakthroughs, our current cancer control model cannot eradicate most cancers and the reasons why. Significantly, this book also delineates a way forward via a shift from the discredited cell-kill approach of the past to an integrated, evidence-driven cancer control paradigm based on prevention, early diagnosis, and pharmacogenomics.
The Statistics of Gene Mapping
This book presents a unified discussion of the statistical concepts applied in gene mapping, first in the experimental context of crosses of inbred lines and then in outbred populations, primarily humans.
The Silver Market Phenomenon : Business Opportunities in an Era of Demographic Change
The current shift in demographics – aging and shrinking populations – in many countries around the world presents a major challenge to companies and societies alike. One particularly essential implication is the emergence and constant growth of the so-called “silver market”, the market segment more or less broadly defined as those people aged 55 and older. Increasing in number and share of the total population while at the same time being relatively well-off, this market segment can be seen as very attractive and promising, although still very underdeveloped in terms of product and service offerings. This book offers a thorough and up-to-date analysis of the challenges and opportunities in leveraging innovation, technology, product development and marketing for elder consumers and employees. Key lessons are drawn from the Japanese lead market as well as other select countries.
The sharing economy in Europe : Developments, practices, and contradictions
Considers the development of the sharing and collaborative economy with a European focus, mapping across economic sectors, and country-specific case studies. It looks at the roles the sharing economy plays in sharing and redistribution of goods and services across the population in order to maximise their functionality, monetary exchange, and other aspects important to societies. It also looks at the place of the sharing economy among various policies and how the contexts of public policies, legislation, digital platforms, and other infrastructure interrelate with the development and function of the sharing economy.
The Pangenome: Diversity, Dynamics and Evolution of Genomes
The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded.
