Page 2
Page 2
Nitrogen-fixing Actinorhizal Symbioses
This book is the self-contained sixth volume of a comprehensive series on nitrogen fixation. It presents the state-of-the-art in regards to actinorhizal symbioses. Like legumes, actinorhizal plants form root nodules that host nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. However, because the macrosymbionts are, with one exception, woody plants rather than crop plants, actinorhizal symbioses are less well-known than legume symbioses to which they are phylogenetically related. Actinorhizal plants come from eight different families. This volume includes chapters that deal with all these aspects of the symbiosis and both symbionts plus their ecological role and use. Other chapters tackle the global distribution of different actinorhizal plants and their microsymbionts and how this impacts the question of co-evolution of the micro- and macrosymbionts as well as comparing the actinorhizal and leguminous symbioses.
Nicotine addiction and its treatment = إدمان النيكوتين وكيفية علاجه
Nicotine is the main cause of smoking addiction, and the custom of preparation for smoking itself and smell of cigarettes create addictive behavior among smokers. Today, nicotine is socially most widely accepted legal drug in the world, and its uptake into the organism through the respiratory tract is 10 times stronger than heroin. Addiction and necessity for cigarettes are constant and intense, and the treatment for smoking addicts is long and difficult. Smoking is a worldwide epidemic, which is closely connected to other addictions such as coffee, alcohol, drugs, and gambling. Smoking cessation is associated with clear health benefits. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in worldwide. In this project we will discuss the nicotine, the mechanism of its addiction and medications used for smoking cessation
Nez, gorge, oreille en médecine traditionelle chinoise = Nose, throat, ear in traditional Chinese medicine
ENT doctor for forty years, acupuncturist for thirty years, Bernard Cygler occupies a privileged position between "West" and "East". Chinese vision provides incomparable help in understanding and attempting to cure ailments that are particularly hopeless in Western medicine such as nasal polyposis, anosmia, and tinnitus. It is valuable in that it offers the possibility of avoiding surgical procedures or allopathic treatments with sometimes unpleasant side effects. This approach aims to treat the patient rather than the symptom, the whole rather than the disease itself. With his medico-surgical experience and his practice of Chinese medicine, the author tried to "marry" the two facets of his exercise while remaining faithful to traditional texts in the spirit of the French Acupuncture Association. , to which it belongs. The humanist approach delivered by the author, combining "tradition and modernity", is characterized by a desire for transmission so that a certain idea of the art of healing may live on for longer. Doctor Bernard Cygler, former intern and former head of clinic-assistant of hospitals, head of hospital ENT department from 1972 to 2003 is a member of the French Acupuncture Association and of the French Acupuncture College. He has written numerous publications in traditional Chinese medicine.
New Vision 2050 : A Platinum Society
Presents the "New Vision 2050," which adds the concept of the “platinum society” to the “Vision 2050”.The 20th century was a century in which energy led the development of material civilization, resulting in deletion of resources, global warming and climate change. What form should sustainable material and energy take to protect the Earth? The "Vision 2050" was established 20 years ago as a model that we should pursue for the next half century. Fortunately, the world is on course for the Vision 2050.Since the author presented the concept of "Vision 2050" in 1999, the idea has been introduced in two books entitled Vision 2050: Roadmap for a Sustainable Earth (2008) and Beyond the Limits to Growth: New Ideas for Sustainability from Japan(2014). The latter includes a chapter that sheds light on the concept of a “platinum society”. In this publication, the author presents the "New Vision 2050" in more detail.
New Trends in the Theory of Hyperbolic Equations
The present volume is dedicated to modern topics of the theory of hyperbolic equations such as evolution equations, multiple characteristics, propagation phenomena, global existence, influence of nonlinearities. It is addressed to beginners as well as specialists in these fields. The contributions are to a large extent self-contained.
New Techniques in Solid-State NMR
After the discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, [1, 2] the new spectroscopy was used for the study of 1 H nuclei in liquids, but then the signal from copper in the receiver coil itself, the first observation of NMR in the solid state, was found.“Wide-line NMR”, named thus because of the line-broadening effects of dipolar interaction and chemical shift anisotropy, was not far behind, and soon led to significant advances through the analysis of spectral lineshapes. Inthis way Richards and Smith [3] demonstrated the presence of H3O+ cations in solid hydrates of strong acids, while Andrew and Eades [4] investigated the details of molecular motion in three solid benzenes. Even now, 50 years later, it is difficult to think of a technique which would provide a more convincing demonstration of the reality of these effects.
New Methods of Concurrent Checking
New Methods of Concurrent Checking is the ultimate reference to answer the question as to how the best possible state-of-the-art error detection circuits can be designed. The most effective methods of concurrent checking for digital circuits are comprehensively described which were developed in the last 15 years. Some of the methods are published for the first time. How concurrent checking can be combined with soft error correction is also shown for the first time. This book is invaluable in considering the design of reliable systems in the emerging Nanotechnologies with an associated growing number of transient faults.
New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas
This edited volume has been compiled to present new theoretical and methodological developments in the field of social dilemma research. Social dilemmas are situations when there is a conflict between self-interest and collective interest. Research in this area has gained interest in the last twenty years in disciplines such as sociology, psychology, and economics. It also has wide applications to numerous real-world issues including environmental degradation, organizational management, and provision of societal public good. The three sections in the volume mirror the different levels of analysis in this research: the individual, group, and societal levels.
New Horizons of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Parallel and distributed computing is one of the foremost technologies for shaping future research and development activities in academia and industry. Hyperthreading in Intel processors, hypertransport links in next generation AMD processors, multicore silicon in today’s high-end microprocessors, emerging cluster and grid computing, has moved parallel/distributed computing into the mainstream of computing. New Horizons of Parallel and Distributed Computing is a collection of self-contained chapters written by pioneers and researchers to provide solutions for newly emerging problems in this field. This volume will not only provide novel ideas, work in progress and state-of-the-art techniques in the field, but also stimulate future research activities in the area of parallel and distributed computing with applications. New Horizons of Parallel and Distributed Computing is intended for researchers and graduate students in computer science and electrical engineering, as well as researchers and developers in industry. This book can be used as a textbook and a reference for use by students, researchers, and developers.
New Corporate Governance: Successful Board Management Tools
it presents an innovative and integrated approach to the theory and practice of corporate governance. Central to this approach is a set of instruments - developed and tested by the author - that can be used by boards to offer effective strategic direction and control to their organizations. The board instruments can be readily applied to the targeted selection, review, remuneration and development of board members, and for conducting board self-evaluations. This new approach to corporate governance is based on four guiding principles: keep it situational, keep it strategic, keep it integrated, and keep it controlled. Together, these principles form the basis of an integrated approach that addresses all key aspects of corporate governance. The main arguments in each section are supported by conceptual models, practical board tools or case studies, making the book ideally suited to board members, senior managers and post-graduate students.
New Corporate Governance : Successful Board Management Tools
Martin Hilb presents an innovative and integrated approach to the theory and practice of corporate governance. Central to this approach is a set of instruments - developed and tested by the author - that can be used by boards to offer effective strategic direction and control to their organizations. The board instruments can be readily applied to the targeted selection, review, remuneration and development of board members, and for conducting board self-evaluations. This new approach to corporate governance is based on four guiding principles: keep it situational, keep it strategic, keep it integrated, and keep it controlled. Together, these principles form the basis of an integrated approach that addresses all key aspects of corporate governance. The main arguments in each section are supported by conceptual models, practical board tools or case studies, making the book ideally suited to board members, senior managers and post-graduate students.
New Aspects in Phosphorus Chemistry V
The use of polyphosphazenes as fluoroelastomers, flame retardants and self-extinguishing macromolecules, polymeric ionic conductors, biomaterials, and photosensitive polymeric compounds is outlined. This volume,as well as the four precedent volumes,describes only in part the huge number of original papers on phosphorus-related topics. Some further volumes will be necessary in the future to cover all aspects of this chemistry in perpetual rebirth.
Neurobiology of Human Values
Man has been pondering for centuries over the basis of his own ethical and aesthetic values. Until recent times, such issues were primarily fed by the thinking of philosophers, moralists and theologists, or by the findings of historians or sociologists relating to universality or variations in these values within various populations. Science has avoided this field of investigation within the confines of philosophy. Beyond the temptation to stay away from the field of knowledge science may also have felt itself unconcerned by the study of human values for a simple heuristic reason, namely the lack of tools allowing objective study. For the same reason, researchers tended to avoid the study of feelings or consciousness until, over the past two decades, this became a focus of interest for many neuroscientists
Neural networks and deep learning
Covers both classical and modern models in deep learning. The primary focus is on the theory and algorithms of deep learning. The theory and algorithms of neural networks are particularly important for understanding important concepts, so that one can understand the important design concepts of neural architectures in different applications. Why do neural networks work? When do they work better than off-the-shelf machine-learning models? When is depth useful? Why is training neural networks so hard? What are the pitfalls? The book is also rich in discussing different applications in order to give the practitioner a flavor of how neural architectures are designed for different types of problems.
Neonatal Immunity
New advances in cellular immunology, molecular biology, recombinant DNA and proteins, and the function of cytokines and chemokines have revolutionized the study of neonatal immune responsiveness. In Neonatal Immunity, Constantin Bona, MD, critically reviews the classic, as well as most recent-and quite seminal-findings concerning the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of both fetal and neonatal B and T cells, the cells that mediate antibody and cellular immune responses in newborns and infants. Dr. Bona shows how the antibody response of neonates is modulated by maternal antibodies and how, in certain cases, this can cause transient or life-threatening neonatal autoimmune disease. He also describes the characteristics of neonatal tolerance induced by foreign allo- and self-antigens, which are the basis for understanding impaired infant immune response and which provide a rationale for the development of efficient neonatal vaccines. By making clear the characteristics and differences between the immune system and the immune responses of both newborns and infants, compared to those of adults, Dr. Bona offers insights and challenging hypotheses that promise to help overcome the poor responses of neonates to various antigens. Authoritative and forward-looking, Neonatal Immunity critically reviews what we know of the neonatal immune response today, and how this is dramatically opening new therapeutic horizons in such areas as infant vaccination, stem cells, gene therapy, and transplantation.
Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography
It provides important information on brain maturation in the (preterm) neonate and enables the detection of frequently occurring brain anomalies in both preterm and full term neonates. Furthermore, it can be repeated as often as is necessary. In this edition of Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography, the focus is on the basics of the technique, from patient preparation through to screening strategies and the classification of abnormalities. Many new ultrasound images have been included to reflect the improvements in image quality since the first edition. Essential information is provided about both the procedure itself and the normal ultrasound anatomy. Standard technique using the anterior fontanelle as the acoustic window is described and illustrated, but emphasis is also placed on the value of supplementary acoustic windows.
Nature, Value, Duty : Life on Earth with Holmes Rolston, III
"Nature Value and Duty: Life on Earth with Holmes Rolston, III" is a collection of contemporary writings on the work of Holmes Rolston, III. The authors contributing to this volume are a mixture of senior scholars in environmental ethics and new voices in philosophy and in literature. Together they provide an in depth evaluation of many of the topics discussed by Rolston. They probe the strengths and weaknesses of his work and suggest valuable correctives. Rolston himself, in a detailed reply to each of his critics at the end of the volume, reveals where some of these criticisms sting him the most and in the process provides one of the most detailed and articulate defenses of his position ever offered."
Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2007)
The aim for NICSO 2007 was to provide a forum were the latest ideas and state of the art research related to cooperative strategies for problem solving arising from Nature could be discussed. The contributions collected in this book were strictly peer reviewed by at least three members of the international programme committee, to whom we are indebted for their support and assistance. The topics covered by the contributions include several well established nature inspired techniques like Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colonies, Artificial Immune Systems, Evolutionary Robotics, Evolvable Systems, Membrane Computing, Quantum Computing, Software Self Assembly, Swarm Intelligence, etc.
National security exceptions in international trade and investment agreements : Justiciability and standards of review
provides a comprehensive analysis of national security exceptions in international trade and investment agreements. The subject has gained particular relevance in the past few years, as both the United States and the Russian Federation have invoked national security as justification for trade-restrictive measures in the context of WTO dispute settlement proceedings. describes the evolution of security exceptions in international economic law, from the GATT 1947 to the most recent economic treaties, such as the 2017 Buenos Aires Protocol for Intra-Mercosur Investment and the 2018 USMCA.
Nanotechnology for Smart Concrete
Nanomaterials can markedly improve the mechanical properties of concrete, as well as reduce the porosity and enhance the durability of concrete. The application of nanotechnology in concrete is still in its infancy. However, an ever-growing demand for ultra-high-performance concrete and recurring environmental pollution caused by ordinary Portland cement has encouraged engineers to exploit nanotechnology in the construction industry. Nanotechnology for Smart Concrete discusses the advantages and applications of nanomaterials in the concrete industry, including high-strength performance, microstructural improvement, self-healing, energy storage, and coatings. The book: Analyses the linkage of concrete materials with nanomaterials and nanostructures / Discusses the applications of nanomaterials in the concrete industry, including energy storage in green buildings, anti-corrosive coatings, and inhibiting pathogens and viruses / Covers self-healing concrete / Explores safety considerations, sustainability, and environmental impact of nanoconcrete / Includes an appendix of solved questions
