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Integrated Assessment of Water Resources and Global Change : A North-South Analysis
The key papers in this volume from the Bonn conference focus on the challenges of integrated assessment of water resources in the context of global change. The growing gap between North and South is also addressed, in terms not only of access to water and its quality, but also of the capacity to do research and implement solutions. The coverage of the papers is up-to-date and comprehensive. Highlights include emerging concepts such as blue and green water, virtual water, the water footprints of nations, multi-agent modelling, linkages between water and biodiversity, and social learning and adaptive management.
Integral bridges : a fundamental approach to the time–temperature loading problem
In recent years, integral bridges have become increasingly popular in the UK. The Highways Agency standard now requires, where possible, that all new bridges with a length of less than sixty metres should be of integral form. In addition, it has been found that, due especially to the problems and costs associated with failed expansion joints, integral bridges are not only cost effective but also have a longer lifespan. Integral Bridges was commissioned by the Highways Agency to produce guidance for bridge designers by addressing the thermally induced soil/structure interaction problem created by environmental changes of temperature and the associated cyclical displacements imposed on the granular backfill to the bridge abutments. It develops a better theoretical understanding of the cyclic performance, in particular the strain racheting in the backfill soil when in contact with a stiff structure. It also identifies the governing soil parameters and examines their influence in the interaction problem, develops numerical modelling procedures to predict interactive soil behaviour, and identifies and quantifies the controlling features of bridge structures relevant to the interaction problem.
Institutions, Sustainability, and Natural Resources : Institutions for Sustainable Forest Management
A new economic theory, rather than a new public policy based on old theory, is needed to guide humanity toward sustainability. Institutions are a critical dimension of sustainability and sustainable forest management, and economic analysis of institutional dimension requires an inclusionist rather than an exclusionist approach. This book provides a systematic critique of neoclassical economic approaches and their limitations with respect to sustainability. Leading institutional economists discuss theoretical perspectives about appropriate institutions for sustainable forest management, markets for environmental services, deforestation and specialization, and some country experiences about Kyoto Protocol, international trade, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable forest management in general. The book includes the ideas from old as well as new institutional economics and discusses the main features of Post-Newtonian economics.This book follows a companion book, Economics, Sustainability, and Natural Resources: Economics of Sustainable Forest Management, volume 1 of the series.
Innovative Concepts for Autonomic and Agent-Based Systems ; 2nd International Workshop on Radical Agent Concepts, WRAC 2005, Greenbelt, MD, USA, September 20-22, 2005, Revised Papers
This volume includes revised versions of papers presented at the workshop. The workshop was structured so as to allow adequate time for discussion and interaction, to exchange ideas and reflect on the motivations, scientific grounds and practical consequences of the concepts presented. Many of the ideas are truly “radical”, and so authors were given time to revise their papers to reflect further thoughts on the ideas presented and to reflect feedback received at the workshop. We are grateful to Jeff Kephart for a very interesting keynote speech describing IBM’s current and future work in this field, which fit very well with the aims and scope of the workshop.
Innovations in preventive dentistry
Preventive dentistry is a constantly changing and developing field: As new research emerges, some practices that had once been revolutionary are abandoned, while others continue to withstand the test of time. This book discusses new developments and innovations in preventive dentistry, from primary prevention to secondary prevention by inactivating initial lesions, and on to tertiary prevention to avoid subsequent progression and complications of manifest oral disease. The book relies on a solid evidence base and instructs readers how this can be translated into clinical dental practice—what changes should be made to how we practice and why they should be made. Topics include caries and periodontal disease, orthodontic problems, diagnostic approaches, diet and oral health, oral hygiene, oral disease patterns, caries treatment, fluoride guidelines, risk management, sealants, and probiotics.
Innovations in Macroeconomics ; 2nd ed.
Modern macroeconomics suffers from an unclear link between short-term Keynesian analysis and long-term growth modelling. Moreover, product and process innovations have been only partially integrated. The analysis suggests new approaches to innovations in open economies in many ways, including the Schumpeterian Mundell-Fleming model and new monetary growth models. A specific focus is on the role of innovations for output, employment and exchange rate developments. A new link between monetary analysis and growth modelling in open economies is presented. Structural change, innovations and growth are considered from a new perspective. This important new book sets a new direction for macroeconomics. By linking several strands of fundamental economic thinking into a coherent, integrated framework it provides a pathbreaking understanding into the fundamental forces shaping macroeconomic performance.
Innovations in Macroeconomics ; 1st ed.
Modern macroeconomics suffers from an unclear link between short-term Keynesian analysis and long-term growth modelling. Moreover, product and process innovations have been only partially integrated. The analysis suggests new approaches to innovations in open economies in many ways, including the Schumpeterian Mundell-Fleming model and new monetary growth models. A specific focus is on the role of innovations for output, employment and exchange rate developments. This book presents a new link between monetary analysis and growth modelling in open economies. Structural change, innovations and growth are considered from a new perspective. With respect to economic policy - in particular innovation policy - the analysis implies major changes, concerning both EU countries and other leading OECD economies.
Innovation, Networks, and Knowledge Spillovers : Selected Essays
The volume is in three parts. The first part demonstrates that the processes of innovation and technological change are spatially differentiated, both regionally within countries and internationally between countries. The second part broadens, both conceptually and empirically, our understanding of the innovation process and the process of network formation, by examining the increasing importance of knowledge creation and diffusion in the new economy and how this is changing the nature of firms in crucial ways. Particular focus is laid on identifying the growing pressures for firms to develop more inter- and intrafirm networks and on providing lucid illustrations of these different kinds of networks. The third part discusses key issues related to the systems of innovation approach as a conceptual framework for regional innovation analysis and directs attention to enlightening conceptual and empirical work on the issue how knowledge spills over locally.
Innovation, Industrial Dynamics and Structural Transformation : Schumpeterian Legacies
This book provides an account of work in the Schumpeterian and evolutionary tradition of industrial dynamics and the evolution of industries. It is shown that over time industries evolve and change their structure. In this dynamic process change is affected and sometimes constraint by many factors: knowledge and technologies, the capabilities and incentives of actors, new products and processes, and institutions. All these elements and their relations drive innovative activities and affect economic performance in an industry. Investigations into these complex phenomena show a deep interdependence between empirical work delivering a rich account of regularities and stylized facts in the structure of industries and their change, and theoretical analyses ranging from appreciate theorizing to formal modeling.
Innovation scorecard : A method to measure innovation in agile projects and business environments
The concept of innovation is not new. It relates closely to the concept of change. Both are inevitable in today’s and tomorrow’s business environments. Standing still and hoping for the best is no longer a viable option. Innovation, by itself, is not a panacea for positive accomplishments. Of paramount importance to any business is how successful any innovation has actually been.
Innovation Policy in a Knowledge-Based Economy : Theory and Practice
Why Analyze Innovation Policies From a Knowledge- Based Perspective? It is broadly accepted that we have moved (or are moving) to a knowled- based economy, characterized at least by two main features: that knowl edge is a major factor in economic growth, and innovation processes are systemic by nature. It is not surprising that this change in the economic paradigm requires new analytical foundations for innovation policies. One of the purposes of this book is to make suggestions as to what they should include. Underpinning all the chapters in this book is a conviction of the impor tance of dynamic and systemic approaches to innovation policy. Nelson and Arrow saw innovation and the creation of new knowl edge as the emergence and the diffusion of new information, characterized essentially as a public good. The more recent theoretical literature regarded the rationale for innovation policies as being to provide solutions to "mar ket failures". Today, however, knowledge is seen as multidimensional (tacit vs. codified) and open to interpretation. Acknowledging that the creation, coordination and diffusion of knowledge are dynamic and cumu lative processes, and that innovation processes result from the coordination of distributed knowledge, renders the "market failure" view of innovation policies obsolete. Innovation policies must be systemic and dynamic
Innovation Management
Not solely covering new products, Innovation Management focuses on new services and new business models; in doing so, it provides an introduction to new business development. The book follows the logic of the innovation process, from idea development via selection to implementation, and discusses these topics both on the level of the company and individual projects. Its content is evidence-based, but with many practical examples.
Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 1 : Main Themes
Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 1 is the first of the two volumes that comprise this book. The main objectives across both volumes are to study the innovation processes in todays information and knowledge society; to analyze how links between research and business have intensified; and to discuss the methods by which innovation emerges and is managed by firms, not only from a local perspective but also a global one.
Innovation Capacity and the City : The Enabling Role of Design
This book represents one of the key milestones of DESIGNSCAPES: value creation through design-enabled innovation”. The book demonstrates that adopting design allows us to embed innovation within the city so as to arrive at feasible answers to complex global challenges. In this way, innovation can become disruptive, while also sparking a dynamic of gradual change in the “urbanscape” it acts within. To explore this potential, the book puts forward the concept of “design enabled innovation in urban environments” and examines the part that the city can play in promoting and facilitating the adoption of design among public and private sector innovators. This leads to a potential evaluation framework in which a given urbanscape is assessed both in terms of its capacity for generating innovation, and of the nature (more or less design-dependent or design-prone) of the innovative initiatives it hosts. This thread of reasoning holds many promising implications, including a possible “third way” between those who dream of an alternative economic model where revenues and growth are sacrificed on the altar of social and environmental respect, and the supporters of the traditional market-based view, who feel it is enough to add a touch of responsibility and concern to a system that should continue rewarding the profitability of innovations.
Innovation and Technology in Korea : Challenges of a Newly Advanced Economy
Only inadequately perceived by the Western public, Korea has transformed into an economic heavy weight during recent decades. The Korean government believes it can turn it into one of the top 10 competitive economies until 2010. This goal does not sound overambitious as Korea has undergone tremendous efforts in order to forge ahead in the field of research and development. In some high tech industries, Korean firms have advanced into leading players in the global market place and are increasingly challenging their international competitors. Against this background, the volume offers an in-depth analysis of the Korean innovation system and shows how its science and technology policies actually work. As Korea’s economy is now reaching the status of a newly advanced economy, the book also takes a close look on ongoing structural changes in the course of economic globalization.
Informing Digital Futures : Strategies for Citizen Engagement
In the present digital revolution we often seem trapped in a Kafkaesque world of technological advances, some desired, some disliked or even feared, which we cannot influence but must accept. This book discusses the urgent need to redress this situation. The authors argue that technologies succeed or fail according to their relevance and value to people, who need to be actively engaged in order to create shared visions and influence their implementation. Strategies for citizen engagement and empowerment will enable citizens to influence and shape desirable digital futures. The book reviews the currently accepted ways of thinking about the design of systems and the reasons why these methods are no longer adequate. From an academically rigorous analysis of case histories across a wide variety of sectors, knowledge and best practice are captured in a rich, descriptive model of the contributions of citizen engagement to the design process. Finally, it provides specific practical guidance, based on sound academic research, for policy makers, administrators and ICT professionals on the strategies, methodologies, tools and techniques needed to change design practice.
Information, Organization and Management
"Information, Organization and Management is a comprehensive treatment of the economic and technical foundations for new organizational forms, relations and processes. It provides a wide range of underlying concepts and frameworks that help the reader understand the major forces driving organizational and marketplace change, rather than presenting these changes as simple outcomes of technological or management fads.
Information technology for balanced manufacturing systems ; IFIP TC 5, WG 5.5 7th International Conference on information technology for balanced automation systems in manufacturing and services, Niagra Falls, Ontario, Canada, September 4-6, 2006
International Federation for Information Processing The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The scope of the series includes: foundations of computer science; software theory and practice; education; computer applications in technology; communication systems; systems modeling and optimization; information systems; computers and society; computer systems technology; security and protection in information processing systems; artificial intelligence; and human-computer interaction. Proceedings and post-proceedings of referred international conferences in computer science and interdisciplinary fields are featured. These results often precede journal publication and represent the most current research. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.
Information technology and educational management in the knowledge society ; IFIP TC3 WG3.7, 6th International working conference on information technology in educational management (ITEM) July 11-15, 2004, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
International Federation for Information Processing The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The scope of the series includes: foundations of computer science; software theory and practice; education; computer applications in technology; communication systems; systems modeling and optimization; information systems; computers and society; computer systems technology; security and protection in information processing systems; artificial intelligence; and human-computer interaction. Proceedings and post-proceedings of referred international conferences in computer science and interdisciplinary fields are featured. These results often precede journal publication and represent the most current research. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.
Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering ; ITEE 2007 - 3rd International ICSC Symposium
Potentially dangerous environmental changes are happening in the atm- phere, oceans, animal habitats and places where hazardous materials are used, or have been discarded without adequate environmental protections. These increasing problems that also affect human health demand for int- disciplinary approaches where engineers, natural scientists, economists and computer scientists work together. This book publishes the results of the ITEE 2007 conference where information about the topics above has been presented and discussed among environmental engineers, computer scientists and economists.
