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Electron Microscopy of Polymers
There are many books on electron microscopy, however, the study of polymers using EM necessitates special techniques, precautions and preparation methods, including ultramicrotomy. This book discusses the general characteristics of the various techniques of EM, including scanning force microscopy (AFM). The application of these techniques to the study of morphology and properties, particularly micromechanical properties, is described in detail. Examples from all classes of polymers are presented.
Electron crystallography : Novel approaches for structure determination of nanosized materials
During the last decade we have been witness to several exciting achievements in electron crystallography. This includes structural and charge density studies on organic molecules complicated inorganic and metallic materials in the amorphous, nano-, meso- and quasi-crystalline state and also development of new software, tailor-made for the special needs of electron crystallography. This volume comprises the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Electron Crystallography: Novel Approaches for Structure Determination of Nanosized Materials, Erice, Italy, 10 - 24 June 2004
Electron Correlation in New Materials and Nanosystems
The articles collected in this book cover a wide range of materials with extraordinary superconducting and magnetic properties. For many of the materials studied, strong electronic correlations provide a link between these two phenomena which were long thought to be highly antagonistic. Both the progress in our understanding of fundamental physical processes and the advances made towards the development of devices are reported here.
Electromagnetics in Biology
In this book, the authors intended to focus their effort on describing (1) biological responses of human and animals, both in vivo and in vitro methodologies, to magnetic and/or electromagnetic field exposure, (2) characteristics of effective fields, (3) hypotheses to explain possible mechanisms of interaction between the fields and cells, and (4) induced current in ELF and induced heat in RF fields as key interaction mechanisms. The readers can have the present-day comprehensive knowledge about biological responses to electromagnetic field exposure.
Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics
This book is a first year graduate text on electromagnetic fields and waves. At the same time it serves as a useful reference for researchers and engineers in the areas of microwaves and optoelectronics. Following the presentation of the physical and mathematical foundations of electromagnetic theory, the book discusses the field analysis of electromagnetic waves confined in material boundaries, or so-called guided waves, electromagnetic waves in the dispersive media and anisotropic media, Gaussian beams and scalar diffraction theory. The theories and methods presented in the book are foundations of wireless engineering, microwave and millimeter wave techniques, optoelectronics and optical fiber communication.
Electromagnetic Technologies in Food Science
Electromagnetic Technologies in Food Science examines various methods employed in food applications that are based on the entire electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Focusing on recent advances and challenges in food science and technology, this is an up-to-date volume that features vital contributions coming from an international panel of experts who have shared both fundamental and advanced knowledge of information on the dosimetry methods, and on potential applications of gamma irradiation, electron beams, X-rays, radio and microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, pulsed light, and more.
Electromagnetic Radiation : Variational Methods, Waveguides and Accelerators
This is a graduate level textbook on the theory of electromagnetic radiation and its application to waveguides, transmission lines, accelerator physics and synchrotron radiation. It has grown out of lectures and manuscripts by Julian Schwinger prepared during the war at MIT's Radiation Laboratory, updated with material developed by Schwinger at UCLA in the 1970s and 1980s, and by Milton at the University of Oklahoma since 1994. The book includes a great number of straightforward and challenging exercises and problems. It is addressed to students in physics, electrical engineering, and applied mathematics seeking a thorough introduction to electromagnetism with emphasis on radiation theory and its applications.
Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers and Physicists
This established, didactically excellent textbook unifies intuitiveness with extraordinary precision of its terminology and the derivation of concepts. It was developed as manuscript to teach students in electrical engineering, and has served to do so for thousands of students over two decades.
Electromagnetic Field Matter Interactions in Thermoelasic Solids and Viscous Fluids
This book in two parts delivers a thorough derivation of nonrelativistic interaction models of electromagnetic field theories with thermoelastic solids and viscous fluids, the intention being to derive unique representations for the observable field quantities. Part I, a revised and updated version of LNP 88 "Field Matter Interactions in Thermoelastic Solids," investigates the foundations and the equivalence of various formulations of the interaction of the electromagnetic field with thermoelastic solids in the classical continuum physics limit, while Part II extensively surveys two major fields of applications, namely, magnetoelastic instabilities and vibrations, and electrorheological fluids.
Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits : Techniques for low emission and susceptibility
Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits: Techniques for Low Emission and Susceptibility focuses on the electromagnetic compatibility of integrated circuits. The basic concepts, theory, and an extensive historical review of integrated circuit emission and susceptibility are provided. Standardized measurement methods are detailed through various case studies. EMC models for the core, I/Os, supply network, and packaging are described with applications to conducted switching noise, signal integrity, near-field and radiated noise. Case studies from different companies and research laboratories are presented with in-depth descriptions of the ICs, test set-ups, and comparisons between measurements and simulations. Specific guidelines for achieving low emission and susceptibility derived from the experience of EMC experts are presented.
Electromagnetic Aquametry : Electromagnetic wave interaction with water and moist substances
This book covers all aspects of Electromagnetic Aquametry. It summarizes the wide area of metrology and its applications in electromagnetic sensing of moist materials. The physical properties of water in various degrees of binding interacting with electromagnetic fields is presented by model systems. The book describes measurement methods and sensors in the frequency domain, TDR-techniques for environmental problems, methods and sensors for quality assessment of biological substances, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques
Electromagnetic and Optical Pulse Propagation 1 : Spectral Representations in Temporally Dispersive Media
Electromagnetic & Optical Pulse Propagation presents a systematic treatment of the radiation and propagation of transient electromagnetic and optical wave fields through causal, locally linear media which exhibit both temporal dispersion and absorption.
Electrodiagnosis of Retinal Disease
Soon it will be time for me to retire from my position as professor of o- thalmology in the Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University School of Medicine. I have therefore decided to summarize my expe- ence of more than 30 years of studies on the clinical electrophysiology of vision. These studies were performed in our department through the hard work and good ideas of many co-workers,and the chapters of this book cover the rationale and results of our studies.
Electrochemistry of Immobilized Particles and Droplets
Immobilizing particles or droplets on electrodes is a novel and most powerful technique for studying the electrochemical reactions of three-phase systems. It gives access to a wealth of information, ranging from quantitative and phase analysis to thermodynamic and kinetic data of electrode processes. Three-phase electrodes with immobilized droplets provide information on the electrochemistry of redox liquids and of compounds dissolved in inert organic liquids. Such measurements allow the determination of the Gibbs energies of the transfer of cations and anions between immiscible solvents, and thus make it possible to assess the hydrophobicity of ions – a property that is of great importance for pharmaceutical applications, biological studies, and for many fields of chemistry.The monograph gives, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the results published in more than 300 papers over the last 15 years. The experiments are explained in detail, applications from many different fields are presented, and the theoretical basis of the systems is outlined.
Electrochemical processes and corrosion in reinforced concrete
Some reinforced concrete structures prematurely corrode as they age, with significant financial implications, but it is not immediately clear why some are more durable than others. This book looks at the various mechanisms for corrosion and how what seemed to be a relatively simple matter has become more complex the further it is understood due to the properties of concrete, steel and the way reinforced concrete structures are constructed. The significance of electrochemical processes is identified with recent research using new technology discussed.
Electrochemical Dictionary
The Electrochemical Dictionary provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms most used in electrochemistry and its related fields, including relevant areas of physics and engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of electrochemistry. The more than 2.770 entries have been written by a distinguished panel of eminent electrochemists. Each entry supplies a clear and precise explanation of the term and provides references to the most useful reviews, books and original papers to enable readers to pursue a deeper understanding if so desired.
Electroceramic-Based MEMS : Fabrication-Technology and Applications
The book is focused on the use of functional oxide and nitride films to enlarge the application range of MEMS (microelectromechanical systems), including micro-sensors, micro-actuators, transducers, and electronic components for microwaves and optical communications systems. Applications, emerging applications, fabrication technology and functioning issues are presented and discussed.The book is addressed to engineers, scientists and researchers of various disciplines.
Electroanalytical shemistry : Principles, best practices, and case studies
Written for undergraduate majors in chemistry and chemical engineering, this book teaches the basic principles of electroanalytical chemistry and illustrates best practices through the use of case studies of organic reactions and catalysis using voltammetric methods and of the measurement of clinical and environmental analytes by potentiometric techniques. It provides insight beyond the field of analysis as students address problems arising in many areas of science and technology. The book also emphasizes electrochemical phenomena and conceptual models to help readers understand the influence of experimental conditions and the interpretation of results for common potentiometric and voltammetric methods.
Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Application : Artificial Muscles and Sensors
Electroactive polymers (EAPs) respond to electrical stimulation with large deformations. They are dynamic actuators which have attracted attention from an interdisciplinary audience of engineers and scientists. An enabling EAP technology is emerging which attempts to imitate the properties of natural muscle and which, as a result, can perform a unique function in a variety of biologically-inspired robotics applications. Electroactive Polymers for Robotics Applications covers the fundamental properties, modelling and demonstration of EAPs in robotic applications, focusing particularly on artificial muscles and sensors. Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators and Dielectric Elastomers are discussed within the book with chapters on their properties and their uses in robotics applications.
Electrical Resistivity of Thin Metal Films
The aim of the book is to give an actual survey on the resistivity of thin metal and semiconductor films interacting with gases. We discuss the influence of the substrate material and the annealing treatment of the films, presenting our experimental data as well as theoretical models to calculate the scattering cross section of the conduction electrons in the frame-work of the scattering hypothesis.
