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Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America
This book identifies the common and specific aspects of social mechanisms that generate inequalities, through comparative analyses of different dimensions in which inequalities are expressed.
Towards a Cleaner Planet : Energy for the Future
The world has entered a period of significant changes regarding the future of energy generation, mainly caused by the apparent exhaustion of hyd- carbons in the near future, and the Greenhouse gases (GHG) effect of alt- ing the climate worldwide. Mexico, as a developing country, and as the eleventh-most populated nation with the thirteenth-largest territory, and as the owner of important oil production resources, is a good example of a State needing to improve and increase its energy generation. A concerted action amongst the e- nomic sectors involved – both governmental and industrial – could dras- cally improve the present situation regarding the development of its alt- native energy resources. The main motivation for organizing the German-Mexican Symposium 2006 Energy for the future: towards a cleaner planet, was to get a global perspective for changing the present energy-mix in Mexico, currently based on fossil fuels, towards cleaner energy resources.
Toward Category-Level Object Recognition
This volume is a post-event proceedings volume and contains selected papers based on presentations given, and vivid discussions held, during two workshops held in Taormina in 2003 and 2004. The 30 thoroughly revised papers presented are organized in the following topical sections: recognition of specific objects, recognition of object categories, recognition of object categories with geometric relations, and joint recognition and segmentation."
Toward Artificial Sapience : Principles and Methods for Wise Systems
This book presents computational paradigms describing lower- and higher-level cognitive functions, including mechanisms of concepts, instincts, emotions, situated behavior, language communication and social functioning. Hierarchical organization of the mind is considered, leading to explanations of the highest human capabilities for the beautiful and sublime. A diverse international set of authors discuss Artificial / Computational Sapience and Sapient Systems in this unique and useful volume.
Toward Agroforestry Design : An Ecological Approach
Jose and Gordon’s Toward Agroforestry Design is an important reference for anyone interested in exploring or managing the physiological and ecological processes which underlie resource allocation and plant growth in agroforestry systems. Drawing together a wide range of examples from around the world, the book highlights how recent developments in agroforestry research can contribute to understanding agroforestry system function, and discusses the potential application of agroforestry in addressing a range of land use challenges in both tropical and temperate regions of the world. Including both original research and synthetic analyses, the book presents examples from a wide range of environments. It focuses largely on resource allocation – both above- and below-ground – including an assessment of the recent advances in analytical and modeling tools available to this work.
Tourists in Space : A Practical Guide
Recent surveys have provided new and updated information into public insights of the nascent space tourism industry. Erik Seedhouse uniquely explores in detail the cutting-edge technologies, spacecraft capabilities, launch vehicles and the training that will define this commercial enterprise and also provides a manual for future suborbital and orbital private space explorers. This overview of the space tourism market is based upon choices the spaceflight participant must make, such as choice of agency, mode and spaceport. A detailed explanation is given of the medical requirements for spaceflight participants, with special reference to potential waiver criteria. Over half of the book is a comprehensive astronaut training/instructional manual that addresses each of the 15 subjects required for suborbital and orbital flight.
Tough on Criminal Wealth : Exploring the Practice of Proceeds from Crime Confiscation in the EU
The conclusion of the book is that the ‘tough on criminal wealth’ philosophy is largely alien to the everyday practice of law enforcement agencies. Putting criminals behind bars is still the main aim of the system, and most of the scarce resources available are devoted to achieving this.This title is of interest to academics and students in the fields of criminology, sociology, and law, as well as to law enforcement officers, public prosecutors, and policymakers.
Total Solar Eclipses and How to Observe Them
This book explains how to avoid equipment and set-up errors thousands of miles from home, advises on the right equipment to buy for observing and digital SLR imaging, and explains the crucial points to address when traveling abroad with astronomical equipment.
Tort Law of the European Community
This publication deals with the European dimension of tort law. It provides a critical analysis of the acquis communautaire, asking if and to what extent the provisions and case law in the field of tort law are based on a conclusive system and are in accord with the national legal systems. It thus evaluates whether the acquis communautaire form the beginning of a comprehensive and coherent EC tort law or if the single directives and regulations are contradictory and lack a general concept that is yet to be found.
Tort Law and Liability Insurance
Among scholars as well as practitioners it is taken for granted that liability insurance and liability in tort interrelate in many ways. In fact, insurance carriers are major players in the area of claims for damages. In striking contrast to common beliefs among lawyers, the law still maintains that there is no connection between liability issues and insurance matters. The book also addresses the issue from an economic point of view, exploring the issues with the help of the analytical tools of price theory.
Tort and Regulatory Law
This book systematically analyses the interaction of administrative law and tort law. The focus is mainly on safety regulations and provisions aimed at environmental protection.
Topology-based in Methods in Visualization
Topology-based methods are built on the idea of abstracting characteristic structures such as the topological skeleton from the data and to construct the visualizations accordingly. There are currently new demands for and renewed interest in topology-based visualization solutions. This book presents 13 peer-reviewed papers as written results from the 2005 workshop “Topology-Based Methods in Visualization” that was initiated to enable additional stimulation in this field. It contains a longer chapter dedicated to a survey of the state-of-the-art, as well as a great deal of original work by leading experts that has not been published before, spanning both theory and applications.
Topology in Condensed Matter
This book reports new results in condensed matter physics for which topological methods and ideas are important. It considers, on the one hand, recently discovered systems such as carbon nanocrystals and, on the other hand, new topological methods used to describe more traditional systems such as the Fermi surfaces of normal metals, liquid crystals and quasicrystals. The authors of the book are renowned specialists in their fields and present the results of ongoing research, some of it obtained only very recently and not yet published in monograph form.
Topology and Geometry in Physics
Application of the concepts and methods of topology and geometry have led to a deeper understanding of many crucial aspects in condensed matter physics, cosmology, gravity and particle physics. This book can be considered an advanced textbook on modern applications and recent developments in these fields of physical research. Written as a set of largely self-contained extensive lectures, the book gives an introduction to topological concepts in gauge theories, BRST quantization, chiral anomalies, supersymmetric solitons and noncommutative geometry. It will be of benefit to postgraduate students, educating newcomers to the field and lecturers looking for advanced material.
Topological Methods in Group Theory
Topological Methods in Group Theory is about the interplay between algebraic topology and the theory of infinite discrete groups. The author has kept three kinds of readers in mind: graduate students who have had an introductory course in algebraic topology and who need a bridge from common knowledge to the current research literature in geometric, combinatorial and homological group theory; group theorists who would like to know more about the topological side of their subject but who have been too long away from topology; and manifold topologists, both high- and low-dimensional, since the book contains much basic material on proper homotopy and locally finite homology not easily found elsewhere.
Topological Invariants of Stratified Spaces
The central theme of this book is the restoration of Poincaré duality, on stratified singular spaces by using Verdier-self-dual sheaves such as the prototypical intersection chain sheaf on a complex variety.After carefully introducing sheaf theory, derived categories, Verdier duality, stratification theories, intersection homology, t-structures and perverse sheaves, the ultimate objective is to explain the construction as well as algebraic and geometric properties of invariants such as the signature and characteristic classes effectuated by self-dual sheaves.
Topological Fixed Point Theory of Multivalued Mappings
This book is devoted to the topological fixed point theory of multivalued mappings including applications to differential inclusions and mathematical economy. It is the first monograph dealing with the fixed point theory of multivalued mappings in metric ANR spaces. Although the theoretical material was tendentiously selected with respect to applications, the text is self-contained. Current results are presented." "This book will be especially useful for post-graduate students and researchers interested in fixed point theory, and in particular, topological methods in nonlinear analysis, differential equations and dynamical systems.
Topological Degree Approach to Bifurcation Problems
Topological bifurcation theory is one of the most essential topics in mathematics. This book contains original bifurcation results for the existence of oscillations and chaotic behaviour of differential equations and discrete dynamical systems under variation of involved parameters. Using topological degree theory and a perturbation approach in dynamical systems, a broad variety of nonlinear problems are studied, including: non-smooth mechanical systems with dry frictions; weakly coupled oscillators; systems with relay hysteresis; differential equations on infinite lattices of Frenkel-Kontorova and discretized Klein-Gordon types; blue sky catastrophes for reversible dynamical systems; buckling of beams; and discontinuous wave equations.
Topological Data Analysis for Genomics and Evolution : Topology in Biology
Biology has entered the age of Big Data. A technical revolution has transformed the field, and extracting meaningful information from large biological data sets is now a central methodological challenge. Algebraic topology is a well-established branch of pure mathematics that studies qualitative descriptors of the shape of geometric objects. It aims to reduce comparisons of shape to a comparison of algebraic invariants, such as numbers, which are typically easier to work with. Topological data analysis is a rapidly developing subfield that leverages the tools of algebraic topology to provide robust multiscale analysis of data sets. This book introduces the central ideas and techniques of topological data analysis and its specific applications to biology, including the evolution of viruses, bacteria and humans, genomics of cancer, and single cell characterization of developmental processes.
Topological and Bivariant K-theory
Topological K-theory is one of the most important invariants for noncommutative algebras equipped with a suitable topology or bornology. Bott periodicity, homotopy invariance, and various long exact sequences distinguish it from algebraic K-theory.We describe a bivariant K-theory for bornological algebras, which provides a vast generalization of topological K-theory. In addition, we discuss other approaches to bivariant K-theories for operator algebras.
