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Probability Models for DNA Sequence Evolution
This is the second edition and is twice the size of the first one. The material on recombination and the stepping stone model have been greatly expanded, there are many results form the last five years, and two new chapters on diffusion processes develop that viewpoint. This book is written for mathematicians and for biologists alike. No previous knowledge of concepts from biology is assumed, and only a basic knowledge of probability, including some familiarity with Markov chains and Poisson processes. The book has been restructured into a large number of subsections and written in a theorem-proof style, to more clearly highlight the main results and allow readers to find the results they need and to skip the proofs if they desire.
Pro DNS and BIND
Pro DNS and BIND guides you through the challenging array of features surrounding DNS, with a special focus on BIND, the world's most popular DNS implementation. This book unravels the mysteries of DNS, offering insight into origins, evolution, and key concepts like domain names and zone files. This book focuses on running DNS systems based on BIND 9.3.0 the first stable release that includes support for the latest DNSSEC (DNSSEC.bis) standards and a major functional upgrade from previous BIND 9 releases.
Pro ASP.NET 3.5 in C# 2008
ASP.NET 3.5 is Microsoft's revolutionary ASP.NET technology. It is the principal standard for creating dynamic web pages on the Windows platform. Pro ASP.NET 3.5 in C# 2008 raises the bar for high–quality, practical advice on learning and deploying Microsoft's dynamic web solution. Seasoned .NET professionals Matthew MacDonald and Mario Szpuszta explain how you can get the most from this groundbreaking technology. They cover ASP.NET 3.5 as a whole, illustrating both the brand–new features and the functionality carried over from previous versions of ASP. This book will give you the knowledge you need to code real ASP.NET 3.5 applications in the best possible style.
Principles of marketing
Introduces to the fundamental concepts and principles of marketing. also discusses the importance of marketing in today’s business world and how businesses must understand their target market, develop effective marketing strategies, and create value for their customers.dealing with the history and evolution of marketing, the book highlights the key developments and milestones in the field. also it helps the reader understand the fundamental principles and best practices of marketing, as well as the challenges and opportunities facing the industry.
Primate Origins : Adaptations and Evolution
Updates, summarizes and synthesizes past and current research regarding the origin of the Order Primates. When did Primates arise? To what group of mammals are they most closely related? What is the functional and adaptive meaning of their constellation of derived characteristics? The papers in this volume examine hypotheses that have dominated our notions regarding early primate evolution and by coupling this with an emergent body of novel evidence due to new fossil discoveries and technological and methodological advances.
Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology
Primates have unusual heads among mammals. Their big brains, relatively short faces and forward-facing eyes are part of a unique combination of traits that have captured the interest of biological anthropologists for decades. Describing the patterns of primate craniofacial evolution as well as sorting out the functional consequences of this evolutionary history has been fundamental in developing our current understanding of primates. Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology surveys current research on primate heads emphasizing the recent progress and diversity of functional studies into primate and mammalian craniofacial form. Much of the work included in this volume was inspired by William L. Hylander and his life-long contribution to research on primate craniofacial form and function.
Primate biogeography : Progress and prospects
Biogeography, the study of the distribution of organisms over the surface of the earth, plays a central role in our understanding of virtually all aspects of the biology of primates and other animals, including systematics, mechanisms of speciation, population genetics and demography. The distribution of primates relative to aspects of climate and habitat, including altitude, forest type, and food availability, forms the basis for our understanding of ecological and behavioral adaptations. The biogeography of primates in the past is a major component of our understanding of their evolutionary history and is an essential component of conservation biology. This volume, which brings together these papers on the biogeography of primates, past and present, provides an introduction to Primate Biogeography as a discipline, illustrates the many factors that may influence the distribution of primates, and demonstrates the wide range of methodological approaches that are available to understanding the distribution of this order.
Primate Anti-Predator Strategies
This comprehensive volume, written by experts in the field, narrows this gap by highlighting the effect of predation on the order Primates in general. Theoretical approaches to understanding how primates perceive predation threat, as well as proximate and ultimate causes to address threat and attack, are considered across the primate order. Although this volume concentrates on the least known group in this theoretical area - the prosimians - contributions by researchers on numerous primate taxa across four major geographical regions make this a novel and exciting contribution to students interested in primate evolution and ecology.
Primary Retinal Detachment : Options for Repair
This information-packed volume is the ultimate guide for today’s vitreo-retinal surgeon. It is written by leading experts in the field. The book begins with an extensive review, analyzing the evolution of present-day detachment surgery over the past 70 years. Here, a changing pattern of treatment modalities comes into view, with four primary procedures in use at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Experts in the field of retinal and vitreous surgery then describe the following surgical techniques: cerclage with drainage, pneumatic retinopexy, primary vitrectomy, and minimal segmental buckling without drainage. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are assessed in relation to case selection, single operation attachment, final attachment, complications, visual function, and cost effectiveness.
Pricing Portfolio Credit Derivatives by Means of Evolutionary Algorithms
Svenja Hager aims at pricing non-standard illiquid portfolio credit derivatives which are related to standard CDO tranches with the same underlying portfolio of obligors. Instead of assuming a homogeneous dependence structure between the default times of different obligors, as it is assumed in the standard market model, the author focuses on the use of heterogeneous correlation structures. The intention is to find a correlation matrix sufficiently flexible so that all tranche spreads of a CDO structure can be reproduced simultaneously. This allows for consistent pricing. The calibrated model can then be used to determine the price of non-standard contracts. As there is no standard optimization technique to derive the correlation structure from market prices, Evolutionary Algorithms are applied.
PRICAI 2008 : Trends in Artificial Intelligence ; 10th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Hanoi, Vietnam, December 15-19, 2008. Proceedings
Constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2008, held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in December 2008.The 49 revised long papers, 33 revised regular papers, and 32 poster papers presented together with 1 keynote talk and 3 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 234 submissions. The papers address all current issues of modern AI research with topics such as AI foundations, knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition and ontologies, evolutionary computation, etc. as well as various exciting and innovative applications of AI to many different areas. Particular importance is attached to the areas of machine learning and data mining.
Preservation and restoration of tooth structure
Introduces minimally invasive dentistry as a model to control dental disease and then restore the mouth to optimal form, function, and aestheticsContains several student-friendly features, including a new layout, line drawings and clinical photographs to illustrate key conceptsCovers fundamental topics, including the evolutionary biology of the human oral environment; caries management and risk assessment; remineralization; principles of cavity design; lifestyle factors; choices between restorative materials and restoration management. Includes a companion website with self-assessment exercises for students and a downloadable image bank for instructors
Premiers pas en simulation = First steps in simulation
Why simulation techniques? Simulation methods, designed for use in statistics and operations research, have experienced and continue to develop rapidly due to the extraordinary evolution of computers. Applications are found in industry and in economics, or even social sciences, in particle physics, in astronomy and in many other fields. In many situations, whether in everyday life or in scientific research, the researcher is faced with problems which he seeks solutions on the basis of certain initial assumptions and constraints. To solve this type of problem, there exist analytical methods applicable to situations where the model makes it possible to treat the di? Erent variables by mathematically manageable equations, and numerical methods where the complexity of the model imposes a fragmentation of the problem, in particular by the identification of the various variables which come into play and the study of their interactions. This last approach is often accompanied by a large mass of calculations. Simulation techniques are numerical techniques: to simulate a phenomenon essentially means to carefully reconstruct its evolution.
Predatory Prokaryotes : Biology, Ecology and Evolution
This volume contains chapters on the diversity, ecology and phylogeny of predatory prokaryotes, introducing models of predator–prey interactions between microorganisms and presenting analyses of the impact of predation in microbial systems. Laboratory work with Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (BALOs), the most studied predatory bacteria, is presented through accounts of the cultivation and the molecular techniques used for studying BALOs.
Predation in Organisms : A Distinct Phenomenon
Predation is considered one of the distinct phenomena related to the interrelationships between species on the Earth. There are diverse predators living on the Earth, ranging in size from micro-creatures, like ostracods, to big mammals like lions and tigers. In general, predation is widespread not only in wildlife but also in marine environments where big fishes eat small fishes and other organisms of the sea.Some important questions arise to mind when discussing this subject: what is behind predation? Why some predators do not benefit from their prey after killing them? Are there genetic origins of this antagonism between organisms? Why some female organisms kill their males after completion of sex? How can we avoid predation? To answer these questions an excellent group of experts working on this phenomenon discuss the following main topics: What is behind predation in organisms? - Factors affecting predation in organisms - Predator-prey interaction - The distinct role of predation in keeping the environmental equilibrium - Examples of predation in the fossil record - Examples of predation in marine and non-marine organisms - Herbivory, carnivory, cannibalism, parasitoidism, and parasitism - Scavenging compared to predation - Future trends in this subject.
Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling VI ; 6th International Conference, PATAT 2006 Brno, Czech Republic, August 30-September 1, 2006 Revised Selected Papers
This volume contains a selection of the papers presented at the Sixth Int- national Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT) which was organized in Brno, Czech Republic, from August 30 to September 1 of 2006. The PATAT conferences, which are held every 2 years, bring together - searchers and practitioners from across the broad spectrum of inter-disciplinary research activity in search methodologies for automated timetable generation.
Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling V ; 5th International Conference, PATAT 2004, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, August 18-20, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
This volume contains a selection of the papers presented at the Sixth Int- national Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT) which was organized in Brno, Czech Republic, from August 30 to September 1 of 2006. The PATAT conferences, which are held every 2 years, bring together - searchers and practitioners from across the broad spectrum of inter-disciplinary research activity in search methodologies for automated timetable generation. This includes university timetabling, school timetabling, personnel rostering, transportation timetabling, sports scheduling. The programme of the 2006 c- ference featured 70 presentations which represented the state of the art in au- mated timetabling: there were four plenary papers, 17 full papers, 41 extended abstracts, and eight system demonstrations. After the conference, all authors were invited to submit their papers to a second round of rigorous refereeing for this volume of selected revised papers. We are pleased to have accepted 25 - pers for this volume. This ?gure represents the highest number of acceptances in a PATAT post-proceedings volume and is a testament to the high standards of the papers that were submitted. The organization of the book is structured around particular problem areas.
Practical Software Factories in .NET
This book was written in order to demystify the software factories paradigm by guiding you through a practical case study, from the early conception phase of building a software factory to delivering a ready-made software product. The authors provide you with a hands-on example covering each of the four pillars of software factories: software product lines, architectural frameworks, model-driven development, and guidance in context. While the ideas behind software factories are platform independent, the Microsoft .NET platform, together with recent technologies such as DSL Tools and the Smart Client Baseline Architecture Toolkit, makes an ideal foundation. A study shows the different facets and caveats and demonstrates how each of these technologies becomes part of a comprehensive factory. Software factories are a top candidate for revolutionizing software development. This book will give you a great starting point to understanding the concepts behind it and ultimately applying this knowledge to your own software projects.
Practical Optimization : Algorithms and Engineering Applications
Practical Optimization: Algorithms and Engineering Applications provides a hands-on treatment of the subject of optimization. A comprehensive set of problems and exercises makes the book suitable for use in one or two semesters of a first-year graduate course or an advanced undergraduate course. Each half of the book contains a full semester’s worth of complementary yet stand-alone material. The practical orientation of the topics chosen and a wealth of useful examples also make the book suitable as a reference work for practitioners in the field. Advancements in the efficiency of digital computers and the evolution of reliable software for numerical computation during the past three decades have led to a rapid growth in the theory, methods, and algorithms of numerical optimization. This body of knowledge has motivated widespread applications of optimization methods in many disciplines, e.g., engineering, business, and science, and has subsequently led to problem solutions that were considered intractable not too long ago.
Practical Bioinformatics
The book is unique in that it bridges the gap between bioinformaticists and molecular biologists, i.e. the developers and the users of computational methods for biological data analysis and in that it presents examples of practical applications of the bioinformatics tools in the "daily practice" of an experimental research scientist.The book starts with reviews on computational methods for protein sequence-structure-function analysis (sequence studies, structure prediction), followed by methods that explicitly utilize experimental data routinely obtained in the laboratory to improve the functional predictions. The second part comprises a series of examples on how particular applications of different types of bioinformatics methods in combination with experimental studies to validate the hypotheses have led to important scientific discoveries.Therefore, the book is a guide to application of bioinformatics methods in molecular biology, addressed mainly to research scientists, postdocs, and advanced graduate students.
