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Fully-Depleted SOI CMOS Circuits and Technology for Ultralow-Power Applications
Fully-depleted SOI CMOS Circuits and Technology for Ultralow-Power Applications addresses the problem of reducing the supply voltage of conventional circuits for ultralow-power operation and explains power-efficient MTCMOS circuit design for FD-SOI devices at a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The topics include the minimum required knowledge of the fabrication of SOI substrates; FD-SOI devices and the latest developments in device and process technologies; and ultralow-voltage circuits, such as digital circuits, analog/RF circuits, and DC-DC converters. Each ultra-low-power technique related to devices and circuits is fully explained using figures to help understanding.
Fuel Cell Technology : Reaching Towards Commercialization
The Engineering Materials and Processes series focuses on all forms of materials and the processes used to synthesise and formulate them as they relate to the various engineering disciplines.The series deals with a diverse range of materials: ceramics, metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), semiconductors, composites, polymers biomimetics, etc. Each monograph in the series is written by a specialist and demonstrates how enhancements in materials and the processes associated with them can improve performance in the field of engineering in which they are used.
Frontiers in Magnetic Materials
Frontiers in Magnetic Materials focuses on the current achievements and state-of-the-art advancements in magnetic materials. Several lines of development- High-Tc Superconductivity, Nanotechnology and refined experimental techniques among them – raised knowledge and interest in magnetic materials remarkably. The book comprises 24 chapters on the most relevant topics written by renowned international experts in the field. It is of central interest to researchers and specialists in Physics and Materials Science, both in academic and industrial research, as well as advanced students.
Frontiers in Computing Technologies for Manufacturing Applications
Frontiers in Computing Technologies for Manufacturing Applications presents an overview of the state-of-the-art intelligent computing in manufacturing. Modeling, data processing, algorithms and computational analysis of difficult problems found in advanced manufacturing are discussed. It is the first book to bring together combinatorial optimization, information systems and fault diagnosis and monitoring in a consistent manner. Techniques are presented in order to aid decision makers needing to consider multiple, conflicting objectives in their decision processes. In particular, the use of metaheuristic optimization techniques for multi-objective problems is discussed. Readers will learn about computational technologies that can improve the performance of manufacturing systems ranging from manufacturing equipment to supply chains.
From Melanocytes to Malignant Melanoma: The Progression to Malignancy
Melanoma offers an excellent model for cancer biology and an opportunity to understand the progression of a normal skin cell-the melanocyte-to malignancy. In From Melanocytes to Melanoma: The Progression to Malignancy, leading researchers and clinicians join forces to explain how skin cancer develops from its benign precursor cell type.
Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment
The Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment gives a state of the art assessment of the diversity and distribution of Metazoa in the continental waters of the world. The project deals with all major animal groups plus the macrophytes, and encompasses the complete array of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems. It is the most comprehensive study of species- and genus-level diversity and chorology of the global freshwater fauna to date, and is the first to present comparable data on the different faunal groups concerned. The project draws from the collected expertise of numerous world-renowned taxonomic experts that have bundled efforts to produce this outstanding volume. The result is invaluable to all scientists, managers and conservationists interested in non-marine aquatic animals.
Freedom and Value : Freedom’s Influence on Welfare and Worldly Value
Freedom of the sort implicated in acting freely or with free will is important to the truth of different sorts of moral judgment, such as judgments of moral responsibility and those of moral obligation. Little thought, however, has been invested into whether appraisals of good or evil presuppose free will. The central aim of this book is to dispute this assumption by arguing for the relevance of free will to the truth of two sorts of such judgment: welfare-ranking judgments or judgments of personal well-being (when is one's life intrinsically good for the one who lives it?), and world-ranking judgments (when is a possible world intrinsically better than another?). The book also examines free will’s impact on the truth of such judgments for central issues in moral obligation and in the free will debate.
FPGA Implementations of Neural Networks
During the 1980s and early 1990s there was signi?cant work in the design and implementation of hardware neurocomputers. Nevertheless, most of these efforts may be judged to have been unsuccessful: at no time have have ha- ware neurocomputers been in wide use. This lack of success may be largely attributed to the fact that earlier work was almost entirely aimed at developing custom neurocomputers, based on ASIC technology, but for such niche - eas this technology was never suf?ciently developed or competitive enough to justify large-scale adoption. On the other hand, gate-arrays of the period m- tioned were never large enough nor fast enough for serious arti?cial-neur- network (ANN) applications.
Foundations of Sport-Related Brain Injuries
A major take-home point from this book should be the assumption that symptom resolution does not necessarily mean injury resolution. As can be seen by research focusing on global metabolic cascades and neural activity of the brain, long-standing dysfunctional pathways continue to exist for extended periods of time even after a minor concussion. Until we completely understand the consequences of short-term perturbations and long-term residual brain dysfunctions, concussions must be treated with respect and given a higher priority for continued research activity.
Foundations of Global Genetic Optimization
This book is devoted to the application of genetic algorithms in continuous global optimization. Some of their properties and behavior are highlighted and formally justified. Various optimization techniques and their taxonomy are the background for detailed discussion. The nature of continuous genetic search is explained by studying the dynamics of probabilistic measure, which is utilized to create subsequent populations. This approach shows that genetic algorithms can be used to extract some areas of the search domain more effectively than to find isolated local minima. The biological metaphor of such behavior is the whole population surviving by rapid exploration of new regions of feeding rather than caring for a single individual. One group of strategies that can make use of this property are two-phase global optimization methods. In the first phase the central parts of the basins of attraction are distinguished by genetic population analysis. Afterwards, the minimizers are found by convex optimization methods executed in parallel.
Foundations of genetic algorithms ; 8th International Workshop, FOGA 2005, Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Japan, January 5-9, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
The8thWorkshopontheFoundationsofGeneticAlgorithms,FOGA-8,washeld at the University of Aizu in Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Japan, January 5–9, 2005. This series of workshops was initiated in 1990 to encourage further research on the theoretical aspects of genetic algorithms, and the workshops have been held biennially ever since. The papers presented at these workshops are revised, edited and published as volumes during the year following each workshop. This series of (now eight) volumes provides an outstanding source of reference for the theoretical work in this ?eld. At the same time this series of volumes provides a clear picture of how the theoretical research has grown and matured along with the ?eld to encompass many evolutionary computation paradigms including evolution strategies (ES), evolutionary programming (EP), and genetic programming (GP), as well as the continuing growthininteractionswith other ?elds suchas mathematics,physics, and biology.
Forming the mind : Essays on the internal senses and the Mind/Body problem from avicenna to the medical enlightenment
The book collects essays from some of the foremost scholars in a relatively new and very promising field of research. It stresses how important and fruitful it is to see the time period between 1100 and 1700 as one continuous tradition, and brings together scholars working on the same issues in the Arabic, Jewish and Western philosophical traditions. In this respect, this collection opens up several new and interesting perspectives on the history of the philosophy of mind.
Forest ecosystems and environments : Scaling up from shoot module to watershed
The Global Change Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia (TEMA) project was carried out as a unique contribution to the international project Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems. TEMA aimed to integrate forest ecosystem processes. This volume presents the scaling-up concept for better understanding of ecosystem functioning.
Forefoot Reconstruction
For a long time, forefoot surgery had many disadvantages including a painful postoperative period and recurrence of deformities. New techniques – notably Scarf, the first metatarsal osteotomy and the Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsal – provide a significant improvement in the treatment of static forefoot disorders. The great toe osteotomy has also been greatly improved. Since 1991, the author has introduced these techniques in many countries, while developing and studying the corresponding implants and the postoperative period. He has also developed surgical management techniques that bridge these different osteotomies. More than 1000 surgeons around the world are using these techniques, which are now widely taught. In this second edition of the book the general presentation is clearer and more pleasant and many pictures have been replaced. Several topics are emphasized, notably the great toe proximal phalanx osteotomy, the joint preservative surgery in severe forefoot disorders, including revision after failed bunionectomy and rheumatoid forefoot following the "ms” point for an accurate and effective metatarsal shortening. Lastly, new procedures are exposed, particularly in Claw toe and hammer with the PIP plantar release and the surgery of the middle phalanx and also the Weil osteotomy of the first metatarsal in hallux limitus.
Foodborne bacterial pathogens : Methods and protocols
This updated volume presents a compilation of various representative techniques and approaches currently used to study bacterial foodborne pathogens. Chapters guide the reader through bacterial pathogen detection and quantification in food, molecular, phenotypic, metabolic characterization of food pathogens, and ecology of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Food - drug interactions
The effect of drug on a person may be different than expected because that drug interacts with another drug the person is taking (drug-drug interaction), food, beverages, dietary supplements the person is consuming (drug-nutrient/food interaction) or another disease the person has (drug-disease interaction). A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance affects the activity of a drug, i.e. the effects are increased or decreased, or they produce a new effect that neither produces on its own. These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances. Regarding food-drug interactions physicians and pharmacists recognize that some foods and drugs, when taken simultaneously, can alter the body's ability to utilize a particular food or drug, or cause serious side effects.
Focal liver lesions : Detection, characterization, ablation
Few fields of medicine have witnessed such impressive progress as the diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors. Advances in imaging technology, the development of novel contrast agents, and the introduction of optimized scanning protocols have greatly facilitated the non-invasive detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. Furthermore, image-guided techniques for percutaneous tumor ablation have become an accepted alternative treatment for patients with inoperable liver cancer. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of diagnostic and interventional radiology in respect of liver tumors. The volume moves from background sections on methodology and segmental liver anatomy to the main sections on the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions. An integrated approach, focused on the correlation of ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging findings, is presented. Finally, a full section describes the principles, methods, and results of percutaneous tumor ablation techniques.
Flux Pinning in Superconductors
Covers the flux pinning mechanisms and properties and the electromagnetic phenomena caused by the flux pinning common for metallic, high-Tc and MgB2 superconductors. The condensation energy interaction known for normal precipitates or grain boundaries and the kinetic energy interaction proposed for artificial Nb pins in Nb-Ti, etc., are introduced for the pinning mechanism.
Fluid volume monitoring with glucose dilution
Decision making regarding fluid volume loading, fluid restriction, or administration of vasoactive drugs may vary among physicians, depending solely upon their clinical experience in the absence of evidence-based measurement. The initial distribution volume of glucose (IDVG) is believed to be clinically relevant as a marker of cardiovascular and fluid management in critically ill patients without a significant modification of glucose metabolism. This book covers all aspects of IDVG measurement, including the basic concept, its relationship with other fluid volumes, and the clinical application of this technique in the intensive care unit based on both the authors’ studies and their clinical experience with more than 4000 IDVG determinations. When the concept of IDVG is properly understood and its measurement is then performed routinely, daily fluid and cardiovascular management in critically ill patients can be improved based on evidence-based measurement.
Flow cytometry : Principles and applications
Flow cytometry forms an integral part of both basic biological research and clinical diagnosis in pathology. This straightforward new volume provides a clear, easy-to-read, and practical manual for both clinicians and non-clinicians at all levels of their careers. The chapter topics range from basic principles to more advanced subjects, such as apoptosis and cell sorting. Throughout Flow Cytometry: Principles and Applications, well-informed expert contributors present theoretical descriptions and practical protocols on this important and complex laboratory technique and its applications. Immunologists and Hematologists in the field of pathology, as well as biological researchers working with both human and animal models will appreciate the simple, clear-cut style in which principles and protocols in this volume are presented, and will refer to this book time and time again for clear and easy-to-follow protocols.
