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Zinc Finger Proteins: From Atomic Contact to Cellular Function
The scientists discovered a novel domain associated with zinc, and named this domain "zinc finger. " The number of proteins with similar zinc fingers grew quickly and these proteins are now called C2H2, Cys2His2 or classical zinc finger proteins. To date, about 24,000 C2H2 zinc finger proteins have been recognized. Approximately 700 human genes, or more than 2% of the genome, have been estimated to encode C2H2 finger proteins. From the beginning these proteins were thought to be numerous, but no one could have predicted such a huge number. Perhaps thousands of scientists are now working on C2H2 zinc finger proteins fi-om variou s viewpoints. This field is a good example of how a new science begins with the insight of a few scientists and how it develops by efforts of numerous independent scientists, in contrast to a policy-driven scientific project, such as the Human Genome Project, with goals clearly set at its inception and with work performed by a huge collaboration throughout the world. As more zinc finger proteins were discovered, several subfamilies, such as C2C2, CCHC, CCCH, LIM, RING, TAZ, and FYVE emerged, increasing our understanding of zinc fingers. The knowledge was overwhelming. Moreover, scientists began defining the term "zinc finger" differently and using various names for identical zinc fingers.
Virchows Eulogies : Rudolf Virchow in Tribute to his Fellow Scientists
Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902) was a leading figure in the medical, political and intellectual life of Germany in the second half of the nineteenth century. He became the most famous pathologist of his time, especially through his book "Cellular Pathology" – which discussed pathology in terms of the functioning of the cells in the anatomic lesions of diseases. Virchow's writings were voluminous: he wrote many books and more than 2,000 articles on medicine and anthropology alone. Despite, or perhaps because of, the volume of his writings, only a small proportion is available in English translation. Furthermore, in the translated material there has been little revealed of the man himself and his relations to others.
Verification of Object-Oriented Software : The KeY Approach
Features of the programming languages we employ in these programs are plentiful, including object-oriented organizations of data, facilities for specifying di?erent c- trol ?ow for rare situations, constructs for iterating over the elements of a collection, and the grouping together of operations into atomic transactions. These language features were designed to facilitate simpler and more natural encodings of programs, and ideally they are accompanied by simpler proof rules. But the variety and increased number of these features make it harder to remember all that needs to be proved about their uses. As a third problem, we have come to expect a higher degree of rigor from our proofs. A proof carried out or replayed by a machine somehow gets more credibility than one that requires human intellect to understand.
Understanding Solids : The Science of Materials
The newly Third Edition of Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials delivers a complete yet concise treatment of the basic properties and chemical and physical behaviors of solid materials. Following a completely revised opening set of chapters in which the basic properties of solids—including atomic structure, chemical bonding, crystallography, and phase relationships—are discussed, the book goes on to describe new developments in the areas of batteries and fuel cells, perovskite solar cells, lighting and displays, nanoparticles, whiskers, and sheets.
Tribology of Diamond-like Carbon Films : Fundamentals and Applications
Tribology of Diamond-like Carbon Films discusses the most important structural, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of DLC films, and emphasizes their applications in mechanical systems ranging in size from nano/micro (like MEMS, NEMS) to macro scale devices (like bearings, gears, aerospace mechanisms, various engine parts and components).
Trapped Charged Particles and Fundamental Interactions
The development of ion traps has spurred significant experimental activities able to link measurable quantities to the most fundamental aspects of physics. The first chapter sets the scene and motivates the use of ion traps with an in-depth survey of the low-energy electroweak sector of the standard model amenable to precision test. The next parts then introduce and review aspects of the theory, simulation and experimental implementation of such traps. Last but not least, two important applications, namely high resolution mass spectrometry in Penning traps and tests of fundamental physics - such as the CPT theorem - with trapped antiprotons are discussed.
Transendoscopic Ultrasound for Neurosurgery
Endoscopic neurosurgery has not yet reached the safety and applicability of microsurgery. Endo-neuro-sonography is a new technique aimed at making endoscopy safer by real-time imaging and navigation capacity (brain-radar). The endo-neurosonographic image is a sonographic scan at the tip of the endoscope (mini-CT) providing additional information to the endoscopic view. Endo-Neuro-Sonography is the first book on this new topic, presenting techniques and equipment, anatomical features, and the first clinical series. Schematic drawings, tables and 237 figures (122 in color) offer a precise overview of this technique. The final chapter is dealing with future concepts on minimally invasive neurosurgery and specific reference to ergonomics in neurosurgery.
Transactions on Computational Systems Biology IX
This book contains four highly detailed papers. The first paper focuses on quantitative aspects of the bgl operon for E.coli. The second paper deals with ecosystem transitions affecting phenotype expressions and selection mechanisms. The third paper presents the Stochastic Calculus of Looping Sequences (SCLS) suitable for the description of microbiological systems, such as cellular pathways, and their evolution. The final contribution describes the use of biological transactions to make atomic sequences of interactions in the BlenX language.
Topics in Atomic Physics
The study of atomic physics propelled us into the quantum age in the early twentieth century and carried us into the twenty-first century with a wealth of new and, in some cases, unexplained phenomena. Topics in Atomic Physics provides a foundation for students to begin research in modern atomic physics. It can also serve as a reference because it contains material that is not easily located in other sources
Tissue Surgery
New surgical images of new surgical approaches are all accompanied with anatomical descriptions. In a novel way, the book contains endoscopic images from minimally invasive procedures and provides the most current overview of the leading trends in plastic surgery research. Presenting newly developing clinically relevant techniques and technologies, this book stimulates the reader to look at future advances and applications of research and their relevance to daily clinical practice.
Thin Films of Soft Matter
A detailed overview and comprehensive analysis of the main theoretical and experimental advances on free surface thin film and jet flows of soft matter is given. At the theoretical front the book outlines the basic equations and boundary conditions and the derivation of low-dimensional models for the evolution of the free surface. Such models include long-wave expansions and equations of the boundary layer type and are analyzed via linear stability analysis, weakly nonlinear theories and strongly nonlinear analysis including construction of stationary periodic and solitary wave and similarity solutions. At the experimental front a variety of very recent experimental developments is outlined and the link between theory and experiments is illustrated. Such experiments include spreading drops and bubbles, imbibitions, singularity formation at interfaces and experimental characterization of thin films using atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry and contact angle measurements and analysis of patterns using Minkowski functionals.
Thieme atlas of anatomy ; Vol.3 : Head, neck, and neuroanatomy
Combines illustrations with explanatory text and summary tables, introducing clinical applications throughout, and presenting anatomic concepts in a step-by-step sequence that includes system-by-system and topographical views; this volume covers head, neck, and neuroanatomy
Thermal processes using attosecond laser pulses : When time matters
Contains a study of the thermal processes initiated by attosecond laser pulses. Considering the existence of the experimental evidence for the trains of the attosecond laser pulses, we developed the theoretical framework for attophysics, i.e. physics of phenomena with time duration in the attosecond domain. This time domain is concerned with phenomena whose duration is much shorter than the relaxation time for atomic, molecular and nanoparticles scales.
Theory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics
The book represents a snapshot of the current status of research in reaction dynamics, focusing especially on accurate time-dependent and time-independent methods of quantum scattering, treatment of non-adiabatic processes, studies of associative and inelastic collisions, calculation of potential surfaces.the experiments now offer detailed scattering information for theory to explain and rationalize. At the same time, advances in computing and networking technologies for heterogeneous and grid environments afford new possibilities for theoretical studies of chemical reactivity. As a consequence, calculation of atom+diatom reactions has become routine, accurate methods have been developed to describe reactions in tetra-atomic systems, nonadiabatic reactions are being studied in simultaneous experimental and theoretical efforts, and statistical theories of unimolecular reaction dynamics are applied to systems that were a mystery a few years ago.
Theoretical Kaleidoscope
The book is based on lectures given by the author over many years. The main source of problems addressed in the book are taken from the author's own investigations, as well as discussions with colleagues and students. With this book, the author hopes readers will be able to see the examples and engage in thoughtful discussions and arguments of their own. Topics discussed in this book include: classical mechanics / wave phenomena / atomic physics / semiclassical approximation in complex plane / quantum electrodynamics
Theoretical Femtosecond Physics : Atoms and Molecules in Strong Laser Fields
Theoretical femtosecond physics is a new field of research. Theoretical investigations of atoms and molecules interacting with pulsed or continuous wave lasers of up to atomic field strengths are leading to an understanding of many challenging experimental discoveries. Laser-matter interaction is treated on a nonperturbative level in the book using approximate and numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The light field is treated classically. Physical phenomena, ranging from ionization of atoms to the ionization and dissociation of molecules and the control of chemical reactions are presented and discussed. Theoretical background for experiments with strong and short laser pulses is given. Several exercises are included in the main text. Some detailed calculations are performed in the appendices.
Theoretical Atomic Physics
This established text and reference contains an advanced presentation of quantum mechanics adapted to the requirements of modern atomic physics. It includes topics of great current interest such as semiclassical theory, chaos and Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases. The third edition of Theoretical Atomic Physics extends the successful second edition with a detailed treatment of the wave motion of atoms near the anticlassical or extreme quantum regime, and it also contains an introduction to some aspects of atom optics that are relevant for current and future experiments involving ultra-cold atoms. Various problems are included together with complete solutions. Because it has more emphasis on theory, this book enables the reader to appreciate the fundamental assumptions underlying standard theoretical constructs and to embark on independent research projects.
Theoretical and Quantum Mechanics : Fundamentals for Chemists
Theoretical and Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals provides an introduction to theoretical and quantum mechanics for chemists. The book includes carefully selected quantum mechanics topics of the most fundamental interest and use for chemists and classical mechanics topics that relate and illuminate these. A comprehensive treatment is given wherever possible. The book acquaints the chemists with the quantum structure of the basic object of chemistry – the atom – and the author bridges the gap between classical physics, general and inorganic chemistry, and quantum mechanics.
The Serotonin Receptors : From Molecular Pharmacology to Human Therapeutics
The recent cloning and identification of a large number of serotonin (5-HT) receptors-a major family of therapeutic targets-holds out the possibility of developing novel, subtype-selective 5-HT receptor agonists and antagonists for use as psychiatric, cardiovascular, and neurological medications. In The Serotonin Receptors: From Molecular Pharmacology to Human Therapeutics, leading experts comprehensively examine our current understanding of the molecular and structural biology of 5-HT receptors and their pharmacological use. The authors describe the anatomical, cellular, and subcellular distribution of 5-HT receptors and demonstrate a powerful approach to elucidating their physiological role using knockout mice in which the 5-HT receptors were deleted. They also review our understanding of the physiological role(s) of 5-HT receptors based mainly on studies performed in genetically engineered mice.
The Scientist as Philosopher : Philosophical Consequences of Great Scientific Discoveries
How do major scientific discoveries reshape their originators’, and our own, sense of reality and concept of the physical world? The Scientist as Philosopher explores the interaction between physics and philosophy. Clearly written and well illustrated, the book first places the scientist-philosophers in the limelight as we learn how their great scientific discoveries forced them to reconsider the time-honored notions with which science had described the natural world. Then, the book explains that what we understand by nature and science have undergone fundamental conceptual changes as a result of the discoveries of electromagnetism, thermodynamics and atomic structure. Even more dramatically, the quantum theory and special theory of relativity questioned traditional assumptions about causation and the passage of time. The author concludes that the dance between science and philosophy is an evolutionary process, which will keep them forever entwined.
