Page 1
Page 1
Updates in Diagnostic Pathology
From surgical pathology, chapters cover select topics in endocrine, gynecologic, GU, and GI pathology with contributions from Walter Bell, Michael Conner, Katrin Klemm, and Audrey Lazenby, respectively. Tom Winokur has begun to prepare us for the near future with a treatise on molecular markers in breast cancer. The interactive nature of cytopathology and surgical pathology are brought together by Claudia Castro [now at the U. T. Medical Branch at Galveston] and David Chhieng in three chapters covering mediastinal, pleural, and pulmonary pathology.
Tumor Prevention and Genetics III
Identification of cancer risk factors and potential prevention strategies have been some of the most important medical and research contributions to the improvement of public health in the past half-century (Steele 2003). Understanding the role of lifestyle, exposure to endogenous factors and exogenous environmental factors, and individual genetic and epigenetic variability have contributed significantly to this effort. Cancer prevention strategies have been developed based on results of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical studies that have generated clues for identifying risk factors that may be modulated by changes in lifestyle, such as smoking cessation or dietary modification (Greenwald 2002a). In addition, significant progress in medical interventions involving chemoprevention—a pharmacological approach to intervention that aims to prevent, arrest, or reverse either the initiation phase of carcinogenesis or the progression of premalignant cells—is beginning to pay dividends in reducing risks associated with cancer.
Therapeutic drug targets and phytomedicine For triple negative breast cancer
Provides an overview of TNBC etiology, its treatment strategies and prognostic markers to identify the outcome of standard therapies. Signalling pathways namely cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, autophagy and others involved in complicating the disease have been described in the chapters to convey an understanding about the disease mechanisms. All the possible drugs either in pre-clinical or clinical stages have also been mentioned with data that depicts their efficiency in targeting altered genes. Introduces the reader to herbal medicine exhibiting high potency to target TNBC, their synthetic analogs used during chemotherapy and their ability to fight against chemoresistance. The concept of phytonanotechnology has also been discussed. Helps create awareness among a broad range of readers about TNBC. It points to prioritizing the upgradation of health care facilities and re-designing future treatment strategies to provide maximum benefit to breast cancer patients.
The Voice of Breast Cancer in Medicine and Bioethics
This volume offers a discursive analysis of breast cancer. From multiple perspectives—historical, philosophical, psychological, socio-political—these essays explore the competing narratives that have made breast cancer a contested site. It addresses debates about the autonomy of the patient in relation to the authority of the physician, as well as the importance of patient narratives in understanding disease. It analyzes the relation between the community and medical practice, particularly with regard to the effect of breast cancer activists and feminists on the medical understanding and treatment of breast cancer. And, it questions the intersection of medical science with political institutions and agencies of public policy in determining priorities of research and strategies of treatment.
The Sentinel Lymph Node Concept
The sentinel lymph node concept is meeting with steadily growing interest and is being extended to the different sites of the primaries. In addition, the concept is being applied in an increasingly sophisticated manner. In this book the practical application of the sentinel node concept is evaluated from the points of view of pathology, radiodiagnosis and nuclear medicine diagnostics, surgical treatment and clinical oncology. The concept is analyzed for breast cancer, malignant melanoma, tumors of the face, oropharynx, lung, gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. The first part of the book describes the function and use of the nuclear medicine equipment, the tracers used, colloid solutions and modern developments in histological and immunohistochemical lymph node investigations, as well as possible pitfalls. The consequences of false-negative results are clearly delineated. In the second part, specific tumor-related problems are described.
The mystery of Tamoxifen
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been shown to reduce the risk of developing estrogen-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen, a potent SERM, has been successfully administered as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. However, uterine pathologic changes may develop due to the effect of tamoxifen as both an agonist and antagonist of estrogen on the uterus. Here, we discuss a case of breast cancer treated with tamoxifen to clarify one of the most important complications, namely, endometrial hyperplasia.
The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism
Introduce recent discoveries in the field of cancer metabolism since the publication of the first edition in 2018, providing readers with an up-to-date understanding of developments in the field.
Targeted Therapies in Cancer
Oncological chemotherapy has been encumbered by its poor selectivity because most antiproliferative drugs are toxic not only to tumor cells but also to important populations of the body’s non-neoplastic cells. The resultant problems with unwanted side effects are compounded by difficulties in predicting the desired effectivity of chemotherapy in individual patients. This unsatisfactory situation has driven intensive research and development towards more specific and less toxic anticancer drugs over the last few decades. Several results of these efforts have reached the clinic and an even greater number are now in preclinical testing. Common to all these targeted therapies is their interaction with defined molecules present on cancer cells, which adds various degrees of increased selectivity to their toxic effects. As a consequence, detecting the target molecule on tumors before therapy holds great diagnostic potential for predicting the efficacy of the drug and personalizing therapy. This book aims to present translational scientists and clinicians with an integrated critical view on the theories, mechanisms, problems and pitfalls of the targeted therapy approach.
Surveying Human Vulnerabilities across the Life Course
Details tools and procedures for data collections of hard-to-reach, hard-to-survey populations. Inside, readers will discover first-hand insights from experts who share their successes as well as their failures in their attempts to identify and measure human vulnerabilities across the life course. Coverage first provides an introduction on studying vulnerabilities based on the Total Error Survey framework. Next, the authors present concrete examples on how to survey such populations as the elderly, migrants, widows and widowers, couples facing breast cancer, employees and job seekers, displaced workers, and teenagers during their transition to adulthood. In addition, one essay discusses the rationale for the use of life history calendars in studying social and psychological vulnerability while another records the difficulty the authors faced when trying to set-up an online social network to collect relevant data.
Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer
Represents the most important risk factor for the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Additionally, assessment of sun exposure parameters has consistently shown an association between the development of malignant melanoma and short term, intense UV exposure, particularly burning in childhood. As a consequence, protection of the skin from UV exposure is an integral part of skin cancer prevention programs. However, more chronic, less intense UV exposure has not been found to be a risk factor for melanoma and in fact has been found in some studies to be protective. Moreover, 90% of all requisite vitamin D is formed within the skin through the action of the sun—a serious problem—for a connection between vitamin D deficiency and various types of cancer (e. g. , colon, prostate and breast cancers) has been demonstrated in a large number of studies. Hence, the - sociation between vitamin D deficiency and various internal malignancies has now opened a debate among dermatologists and other clinicians how to balance between positive and negative effects of solar and artificial UV exposure. The goal of this volume is to provide a comprehensive, highly readable overview of our present knowledge of positive and negative effects of UV exposure, with a focus on vitamin D and skin cancer.
Skin injuries & conservative treatments
Skin is a barrier which protects the whole human body, however it is exposed to many damaging factors. The aim of our study is to describe the structure of the skin and we will focus on the most common causes of skin damage factors from natural sources such as sun exposure, which could harm the skin and there is a correlation in between it and increasing skin cancer. We will also discuss about wounds and burns since they both became a life threatening factors during the war in Syria therefore we will introduce the best and the most recent treatments and technologies including a case report about healing by stem cells, in order to reduce. Malformation of skin like a scar, and more important we will highlight the importance of new devices in early detection of skin cancer and conservative surgery of breast cancer patients. We were also concerned about the lack of knowledge. So we will mention cosmetic creams and procedures. For anti aging since wrinkles is a major factor of depression.
Signs in MR-Mammography
Magnetic resonance mammography (MRM) is opening new avenues in the diagnosis of breast cancer. It has been known for over 20 years that MRM can accurately detect breast cancers larger than 3 millimeters. The problem in recent years has been an international debate concerning methods, techniques, and the interpretation of the myriad images. For years, the phrase: high sensitivity but low specificity, has been used like a mantra to characterize MRM. But results in recent decades suggest that we can greatly increase this limited specificity by extracting and analyzing all of the morphologic and kinetic signs contained in the 1000-plus images from an MRM examination. In this book we will explore the current known signs in MRM and illustrate them with examples so that, in the future, this information can be applied in the practical interpretation of MR mammograms.
Selective Sentinel Lymphadenectomy for Human Solid Cancer
Lymph node (LN) status is the most important prognostic indicator for the clinical outcome of patients in human solid cancer. Recent developments in sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept and technology have resulted in the application of this revolutionary approach to determine if cancer has metastasized. The underlying thesis in solid cancer biology is that metastasis generally starts in an orderly progression, often spreading through the lymphatic channels to the SLN. Thus, the logical approach is to harvest that specific SLN for thorough analysis.
Radiation Toxicity : A Practical Guide
The primary goals in assembling this book were to review basic pathophysiology of radiation toxicities and guide the clinician in prevention, management, and treatment. It is a concise and practical guide for oncologists handling patients being treated with radiation and other combined therapy. Each chapter covers a tumor site comprehensively with expert evidence-based opinions.
Radiation Oncology : An Evidence-Based Approach
Radiation Oncology: An Evidence-Based Approach (ROEBA) is a reference book designed to enable radiation oncologists, including those in training, to make diagnostic and treatment decisions on the basis of the best available scientific evidence. Ease of use is ensured by a structured, reader-friendly format that offers rapid access to evidence-based recommendations. ROEBA’s orientation is entirely practical, in that the focus is solely on diagnostic/staging and treatment issues. Detailed diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are provided for multidisciplinary cancer management as well as radiation therapy techniques. The evidence underlying each recommendation is clearly and concisely explained, and the strength of the recommendations and evidence is systemically graded. Furthermore, diagnostic and treatment algorithms are provided for commonly diagnosed cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, most gastrointestinal and genitourinary tumors, and certain head and neck cancers.
Progestins and the Mammary Gland : From Basic Science to Clinical Applications
Progestins play a key role in reproductive endocrinology and as pharmaceutical drugs for contraception and in combined hormone therapy. To further our understanding of progestin action in the mammary gland, an international symposium, attended by leading researchers from academia and industry, was held in Berlin, 21–23 March 2007. Genetic mouse models helped to elucidate the role of progestins, both in normal breast development and in disease. Mechanistic molecular studies inspired the design of new progestins with improved tissue selectivity. In addition, the clinical impact of progesterone receptor agonists and antagonists for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer was discussed.
Probiotic Research in Therapeutics ; Vol.1: Applications in Cancers and Immunological Diseases
The volume sheds new light on role of gut dysbiosis in cancer and immunological diseases and their clinical manifestations. Contributions in the volume discuss about the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target and the role of probiotics in its management. The volume explores application of probiotics in the treatment of various cancers viz. colorectal, gastric, lung, and breast cancer and immunological diseases. The volume comprises of chapters from expert contributors organized into various important themes which include, introduction, relationship between gut microbiota and disease condition, mechanisms involved, clinical and in vivo status, conclusion and future directions. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing recent and innovative insight for scholars and researchers with an interest in probiotics and its applications in cancer and immunological diseases.
Nutraceuticals for the treatment and prevention of sexual disorders
Covers diverse aspects of sexual dysfunctions and the role of nutraceutical therapeutics, applying both traditional knoweldge and modern evidence-based research. The new book focuses on the use of nutraceuticals on sexual disorders, highlighting the working solutions as well as open problems and future challenges in the use of nutraceuticals in sexual disorder research. Disucssing state-of-the-art developments and trends in this field, the book covers the use of antioxidants in stress-induced male infertility, the role of nutraceuticals in prostate cancer, male sex hormone disturbances, and the impact of nutraceuticals on male accessory organs. The book also addresses the use of nutraceuticals on female sexual disorders and remedial measures in treating breast cancer, cervical complications, pregnancy health and disorders, menstrual disturbances, female sex hormones, female infertility, and prevention of vaginal infections. The book also covers the use of nutraceuticals to combat general sexual disorders such as urinogenital complications, geriatric sexual functions, traditional nutraceuticals use for sexual disorders, the use of nutritional spices for sexual disorders, and the role of nutraceuticals on transgendered individuals.
Notch Signaling in Embryology and Cancer : Notch Signaling in Cancer
This thoroughly revised second edition is an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of Notch and Notch signaling in embryology and cancer. It discusses this topic from Notch’s role in the development of the embryo to the Notch signaling pathway’s role in the development of a number of cancers, including breast cancer, malignant melanoma, Non-melanoma skin cancer, intestinal cancer and others. In the years since the previous edition, there have been numerous developments and insights within this rapidly moving field, making this new edition urgently needed. This volume also features discussions of current insights on Notch’s role in senescence, the regulation of Notch signaling by microRNAs, Notch’s role in the microbiome, diet and its influence on Notch signaling and more.
New Vision of Metformin in treating cancer
The anti-diabetic drug metformin is rapidly emerging as a potential anticancer agent. Metformin is a biguanide that is effective in treating type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndromes, improves insulin resistance by reducing hepatic gluconeogensis and by enhancing glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Metformin can reduce the incidence of cancers and can reduce the mortality from cancers, increase the response to treatment cancer cells when using radiotherapy and chemotherapy, reduce the likelihood of relapse. Diabetes can be a factor in the occurrence of various types of cancer, and develop a variety of cancers such as colo-rectal, pancreas and liver cancers, compared to non-diabetic patients. Incidence of various cancers is high among patients of T2DM due to insulin resistance and mitogenic effects caused by hyperglycemia.
