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Universities and Science in the Early Modern Period
The authors of this volume offer a fresh assessment of how this course of study affected generations of natural philosophers, from the Iberian Peninsula to Scandinavia, from Italy to Scotland, even as it was increasingly modified to accommodate the new science. The fresh evidence gathered here emphasizes just how rigorously science was pursued by academics, notwithstanding institutional constraints. Individually, each paper illustrates the nexus of complexities specific locales made on the reception and transmission of scientific ideas; collectively, the papers offer a comparative framework that should prove invaluable in our evaluating the profound changes undergone by early modern universities during the era of Scientific Revolution.
Universality of Nonclassical Nonlinearity : Applications to Non-Destructive Evaluations and Ultrasonics
Comes as a result of the research work developed in the framework of two international projects: the European Science Foundation supported program NATEMIS (Nonlinear Acoustic Techniques for Micro-Scale Damage Diagnostics) and a Los Alamos-based international network. The main topics of both the programs and the book cover the phenomenology, theory and applications of Nonclassical Nonlinearity (NCNL). NCNL techniques have been found in recent years to be extremely powerful (up to 1000 times more than the corresponding linear techniques) in a wide range of applications, including Material Characterization, Ultrasonics, Geophysics and Maintenance and Restoration of artifacts. These techniques are being adopted as the main inspection and research tool in another European program: AERONEWS (Health monitoring of aircraft by nonlinear elastic wave propagation).
Universal principles of architecture : 100 architectural archetypes, methods, conditions, relationships and imaginaries
Illustrates in 100 concepts the importance, possibilities, challenges, and roles that architecture plays in shaping the world. This radical and perhaps surprising survey is divided into five sections: Archetypes, Methods, Conditions, Relationships, and Imaginaries. And, each of the five sections in the book introduces in 20 principles architecture at different scales and stages of the design process.Through an inclusive and holistic approach, the book refers to initial design ideas, creative design approaches, reflections on the effects of the built and destroyed environments, and architectural desires and aspirations to transform the world and engage with the cosmos.
Universal Joints and Driveshafts : Analysis, Design, Applications
Major progress has been made in the field of driveshafts since the authors presented their first edition of this unique reference work. Correspondingly, major revisions have been done for second edition of the German Textbook (Springer 2003).
Universal Design : Creating Inclusive Environments
Introduces designers to the principles and practice of designing for all people. From the foundations of accessibility and aging to the practice of designing interiors, products, housing and transportation systems, all aspects of this growing field are explored. Covering best practices examples to demonstrate the value of universal design as both a survey of the field and reference for researchers, Universal Design is sure to be constantly at the fingertips of all types of designers.
Universal Artificial Intelligence : Sequential Decisions Based on Algorithmic Probability
This book presents sequential decision theory from a novel algorithmic information theory perspective. While the former is suited for active agents in known environments, the latter is suited for passive prediction in unknown environments. The book introduces these two well-known but very different ideas and removes the limitations by unifying them to one parameter-free theory of an optimal reinforcement learning agent embedded in an arbitrary unknown environment. Most if not all AI problems can easily be formulated within this theory, which reduces the conceptual problems to pure computational ones. Considered problem classes include sequence prediction, strategic games, function minimization, reinforcement and supervised learning. The discussion includes formal definitions of intelligence order relations, the horizon problem and relations to other approaches to AI.
Universal Algebra
Universal Algebra, heralded as ". . . the standard reference in a field notorious for the lack of standardization . . .," has become the most authoritative, consistently relied on text in a field with applications in other branches of algebra and other fields such as combinatorics, geometry, and computer science.
Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services; 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2007, held as Part of HCi International 2007, Beijing,China, July 22-27, 2007, Proceedings, Part III
Contains papers in the thematic area of Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction, addressing the following major topics: Web and Media Accessibility and Usability / Universal Access to Information and Communication / Learning and Entertainment / Universal Access to eServices
Universal access in human-computer interaction : Coping with diversity ; 4th International Conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction, UAHCI 2007, Held as Part of HCi International 2007, Beijing, China, July 22-27, 2007, Proceedings, Part I
Contains papers in the thematic area of Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, addressing the following major topics: Designing for Universal Access / Universal Access Methods, Techniques and Tools / Understanding Diversity: Motor, Perceptual and Cognitive Abilities / Understanding Diversity: Age
Universal access in human-computer interaction : Ambient interaction ; 4th International Conference on universal access in human-computer interaction, UAHCI 2007, Held as Part of HCI International 2007, Beijing,China, July 22-27, 2007, Proceedings, Part II
Contains papers in the thematic area of Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, addressing the following major topics: Intelligent Ambients / Access to the Physical Environment, Mobility and Transportation / Virtual and Augmented Environments / Interaction Techniques and Devices
Universal Access in Health Telematics : A Design Code of Practice
Information Society for All (IS4ALL) is devoted to consolidating and codifying available knowledge of universal access in the context of health telematics in a principled way. This book reports the most representative findings of the IS4ALL Consortium towards establishing a validated code of universal access practice in health informatics.
Universal Access in Ambient Intelligence Environments ; 9th ERCIM Workshop on User Interfaces for All, Königswinter, Germany, September 27-28, 2006, Revised Papers
This volume contains the proceedings of the last ERCIM “User Interfaces for All” Workshop. The work of the ERCIM WG UI4ALL led in 2001 to the establishment of the - ternational Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction 3 (UAHCI) , which takes place in the context of the HCI International Conference se- 4 ries . UAHCI has established an international forum for the dissemination and - change of scientific information on theoretical, methodological and empirical research that addresses all issues related to the attainment of universal access in the devel- ment of interactive software, attracting participants from a broad range of disciplines and fields of expertise.
Univariate Time Series in Geosciences : Theory and Examples
The author introduces the statistical analysis of geophysical time series. The book includes also a chapter with an introduction to geostatistics, many examples and exercises which help the reader to work with typical problems. More complex derivations are provided in appendix-like supplements to each chapter. Readers are assumed to have a basic grounding in statistics and analysis. The reader is invited to learn actively from genuine geophysical data. He has to consider the applicability of statistical methods, to propose, estimate, evaluate and compare statistical models, and to draw conclusions. This book is also a guide to using "R" for the statistical analysis of time series. "R" is a powerful environment for the statistical and graphical analysis of data."R" is available under GNU conditions.
Univariate Stable Distributions : Models for Heavy Tailed Data
Highlights the many practical uses of stable distributions, exploring the theory, numerical algorithms, and statistical methods used to work with stable laws. Because of the author’s accessible and comprehensive approach, readers will be able to understand and use these methods. Both mathematicians and non-mathematicians will find this a valuable resource for more accurately modelling and predicting large values in a number of real-world scenarios.The following chapters present the theory of stable distributions, a wide range of applications, and statistical methods, with the final chapters focusing on regression, signal processing, and related distributions. Each chapter ends with a number of carefully chosen exercises. Links to free software are included as well, where readers can put these methods into practice.
Unity, Truth and the Liar : The Modern Relevance of Medieval Solutions to the Liar Paradox
This volume includes a target paper, taking up the challenge to revive, within a modern (formal) framework, a medieval solution to the Liar Paradox which did not assume Uniqueness of Meaning. Stephen Read, author of the target paper, attempts to formally state a theory of truth that dates back to the 14th century logician Thomas Bradwardine; the theory offers a solution to the Liar Paradox in which the Liar sentence turns out to be false. The rest of the volume consists of papers discussing and/or challenging Read’s – and Bradwardine’s -- views one the one hand, and papers addressing the doctrinal and historical background of medieval theories of truth on the other hand. It also includes a critical edition of Heytesbury’s treatise on insolubles, closely related to Bradwardine’s view.
Unity Networking Fundamentals : Creating Multiplayer Games with Unity
Covers a variety of topics, including accessing data using RESTful APIs, local networked games, and creating multiplayer online games using client-server architecture. It provides the basics of networking, sockets, TCP vs. UDP, client-server architecture, serialization, RESTful APIs, network latency, and client-side prediction. Projects are presented to illustrate the concepts, including a chat client/server overlay for your game, and a 3D maze game that allows up to four players to connect over the network. You will learn : Know the difference between TCP and UDP, and the pros and cons of these protocols / Create client-server multiplayer games in Unity using C# / Receive and process data from a remote server using RESTful APIs / Understand latency and how to mitigate its impact
United States and European Union Auditor Independence Regulation : Implications for Regulators and Auditing Practice
There is a difference in the communication and safeguarding effects of a regulation, depending on the precision of its wording. Findings of her second experiment show that safeguarding effects also depend on auditors' monetary incentives and on perceived costs of litigation. The author also tests the effectiveness of a transparency report which is proposed by the European Union. The most important safeguards (policies and procedures) are perceived to be quality assurance, internal quality controls and independence practice and compliance.
United Nations Peace Operations in a Changing Global Order
This volume explores how UN peace operations are adapting to four trends in the changing global order: the rebalancing of relations between states of the global North and the global South; the rise of regional organisations as providers of peace; the rise of violent extremism and fundamentalist non-state actors; and increasing demands from non-state actors for greater emphasis on human security. It identifies emerging conflict and peace trends (robustness of responses, rise of non-state threats, cross-state conflicts) and puts them in the context of tectonic shifts in the global order (rise of emerging powers, North–South rebalancing, emergence of regional organisations as providers of peace). The volume stimulates a discussion between practitioners and academics, offering an analysis of how the international community collectively makes sense of the changing global order and its implications for UN peace operations.
Unitals in Projective Planes
This clearly written text is the first book on unitals embedded in finite projective planes. Unitals are key structures in square order projective planes, and have connections with other structures in algebra. They provide a link between groups and geometries. There is a considerable number of research articles concerning unitals, and there also exist many open problems. This book is a thorough survey of the research literature on embedded unitals which collects this material in book form for the first time.
Unique Environmentalism : A Comparative Perspective
This book explains and demonstrates how the Norwegian case of environmentalism is unique. The two connected anomalies of an inclusive and state friendly society and a strong orientation and commitment to local communities make the case stand apart from mainstream international definitions of environmentalism.The authors study a specific political culture with a rather unique combination of state structure and civil society of which organized environmentalism is an important part. The political culture influences organizational form and organizational ideology as well as the way these organistions are linked to and interact with the goverment.
