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Nitrogen Cycling in the Americas : Natural and Anthropogenic Influences and Controls
The rate of creation of reactive nitrogen (NR) on the earth has dramatically increased in the last half century mainly due to the production of N-fertilizer through the Haber-Bosch process, fossil fuel combustion, and the cultivation of plants that fix N from the atmosphere. The anthropogenic production of NR has been especially high in developed countries of the temperate zone, such as the USA and Canada, where severe eutrophication of estuaries and coastal zones, acidification of lakes and streams, loss of biodiversity, and reduced forest productivity have become common environmental problems associated with increasing nitrogen loads to ecosystems. This book presents a series of studies from across the Americas whose aim is to highlight key natural processes that control nitrogen cycling as well as discuss the main anthropogenic influences on the nitrogen cycle in both the tropical and temperate regions of the Americas.
Nexus Network Journal 9,2 : Architecture and Mathematics
This volume is dedicated to "Mechanics in Architecture", that is, the science of structural mechanics, including the behaviour of structures, internal forces, and deformation, as well as the development of new structural systems to resist thrusts as a result of new architectural forms. It is a field of enquiry that examines a particular aspect of the relationships between architecture and the mathematical sciences. Some of the papers in this issue were presented at the Nexus 2006 conference during a special session dedicated to mechanics. Other research papers focus on an eighteenth-century Belgian pyramid, aspects of "fractal" architecture, and properties of a family of irrational values. The issue also includes a description and evaluation of a university-level course in architecture and mathematics, Rachel Fletcher's Geometer's Angle column, and book reviews.
Next-Generation FTTH Passive Optical Networks : Research Towards Unlimited Bandwidth Access
Dense FTTH Passive Optical Networks (PONs) is a cost efficient way to build fibre access, and international standards (G/E-PON) have been already launched, leading to new set of telecom products for mass deployment. However, these systems only make use of less than 1% of the optical bandwidth; thus, relevant research is taking place to maximize the capacity of these systems, with the latest opto-electronic technologies, demonstrating that the huge bandwidth available through the fibre access can be exploited in a cost efficient and reliable manner.
Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking ; 8th International Conference, NEW2AN and 1st Russian Conference on Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2008 St. Petersburg, Russia, September 3-5, 2008. Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, NEW2AN 2008, held in St. Petersburg, Russia in September 3-5, 2008 in conjunction with the First ruSMART 2008.The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 60 submissions. The NEW2AN papers are organized in topical sections on wireless networks, multi-hop wireless networks, cross-layer design, teletraffic theory, multimedia communications, heterogeneous networks, network security. The ruSMART papers start with three keynote talks followed by seven articles on Smart Spaces.
Next Generation Intelligent Optical Networks : From Access to Backbone
Next Generation Intelligent Optical Networks brings together two increasingly important topics: optical networks and network security. It provides a comprehensive treatment of the next generation optical network and a comprehensive treatment of cryptographic algorithms, the quantum optical network (including advanced topics such as teleportation), and how detection and countermeasure strategies may be used.
Next generation information technologies and systems ; 6th International Conference, NGITS 2006, Kebbutz Sehfayim, Israel, July 4-6, 2006, Proceedings
The selected papers may be classified roughly in ten broad areas: ? Information systems development ? Distributed systems ? Semi-structured data ? Data mining and agent-oriented computing ? User-oriented design ? Frameworks, models and taxonomies ? Simulation and incremental computing ? Information integration ? Security and privacy ? Next-generation applications This event is the culmination of efforts by many talented and dedicated individuals.
Next Generation Design and Verification Methodologies for Distributed Embedded Control Systems ; Proceedings of the GM R&D Workshop, Bangalore, India, January 2007
This volume is the proceedings of the workshop “Next Generation Design and Verification Methodologies for Distributed Embedded Control Systems” organised by General Motors R&D, India Science Lab. The workshop was held on January 5-6 2007 at the NIAS auditorium, IISc campus, Bangalore, India. This workshop is the first of its kind to be organised by an automotive major to bring together the leaders in the field of embedded systems development to present state-of-the-art work, and to discuss future strategies for addressing the increasing complexity of embedded control systems. The workshop consisted of invited talks given by leading experts and researchers from academic and industrial organizations.
New Trends in Optimal Filtering and Control for Polynomial and Time-Delay Systems
0. 1 Introduction Although the general optimal solution of the ?ltering problem for nonlinear state and observation equations confused with white Gaussian noises is given by the Kushner equation for the conditional density of an unobserved state with respect to obser- tions (see [48] or [41], Theorem 6. 5, formula (6. 79) or [70], Subsection 5. 10. 5, formula (5. 10. 23)), there are a very few known examples of nonlinear systems where the Ku- ner equation can be reduced to a ?nite-dimensional closed system of ?ltering eq- tions for a certain number of lower conditional moments.
New Trends in Databases and Information Systems ; ADBIS 2020 Short Papers, Lyon, France, August 25–27, 2020, Proceedings
This book constitutes thoroughly refereed short papers of the 24th European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems, ADBIS 2020, held in August 2020. ADBIS 2020 was to be held in Lyon, France, however due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held in online format. The 18 presented short research papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. The papers are organized in the following sections: data access and database performance; machine learning; data processing; semantic web; data analytics.
New trends in computational vision and bio-inspired computing : Selected works presented at the ICCVBIC 2018, Coimbatore, India
Gathers selected, peer-reviewed original contributions presented at the International Conference on Computational Vision and Bio-inspired Computing (ICCVBIC) conference which was held in Coimbatore, India, on November 29-30, 2018. The works included here offer a rich and diverse sampling of recent developments in the fields of Computational Vision, Fuzzy, Image Processing and Bio-inspired Computing. The topics covered include computer vision; cryptography and digital privacy; machine learning and artificial neural networks; genetic algorithms and computational intelligence; the Internet of Things; and biometric systems, to name but a few. The applications discussed range from security, healthcare and epidemic control to urban computing, agriculture and robotics.
New Trends in Applied Artificial Intelligence ; 20th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering, and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems. IEA/AIE 2007, Kyoto, Japan, June 26-29, 2007, Proceedings
The 20 International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent S- tems (IEA/AIE-2007) held in Kyoto, Japan presented such work performed by many scientists worldwide. The previous IEA/AIE conference held in Japan was the Ninth International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Arti?cial Intelligence and Expert systems (IEA/AIE-1996) in Fukuoka in 1996.
New Trends and Technologies in Computer-Aided Learning for Computer-Aided Design ; IFIP International Working Conference: EduTech 2005, Perth, Australia, October 20-21, 2005
Computation and communication technologies underpin work and development in many different areas. Among them, Computer-Aided Design of electronic systems and E-Learning technologies are two areas which are different but share many concerns. The design of CAD and E-Learning systems already touches on a number of parallels, such as system interoperability, user interfaces, standardization, EML-based formats, reusability aspects (of content or designs), and intellectual property rights. Furthermore, the teaching of Design Automation tools and methods is particularly amenable to a distant or blended learning setting, and implies the interconnection of typical CAD tools, such as simulators or synthesis tools, with e-learning tools. There are many other aspects in which synergy can be found when using E-Learning technology for teaching and learning technology. This workshop, sponsored by IFIP WG 10.5 Design and Engineering of Electronic Systems in cooperation with IFIP WG 3.6 Distance Education, will explore the interrelationship between these two subjects, where Computer-Aided Design meets Computer-Aided Learning. New Trends and Technologies in Computer-Aided Learning for Computer-Aided Design documents recent approaches and results presented at the EduTech 2005 Workshop, which was held in October 2005 in Perth, Australia and sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP). The topics chosen for this working conference are very timely: learning environments, tools and applications for education, education technologies and trends, and teaching in the hardware design area.
New Tools of Economic Dynamics
New Tools of Economic Dynamics gives an introduction and overview of recently developed methods and tools, most of them developed outside economics, to deal with the qualitative analysis of economic dynamics. It reports the results of a three-year research project by a European and Latin American network on the intersection of economics with mathematical, statistical, and computational methods and techniques. Focusing upon the evolution and manifold structure of complex dynamic phenomena, the book reviews and shows applications of a variety of tools, such as symbolic and coded dynamics, interacting agents models, microsimulation in econometrics, large-scale system analysis, and dynamical systems theory. It shows the potential of a comprehensive analysis of growth, fluctuations, and structural change along the lines indicated by pioneers like Harrod, Haavelmo, Hicks, Goodwin, Morishima, and it highlights the explanatory power of the qualitative approach they initiated.
New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates : Distribution, Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation
The purpose of this volume is to present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in primate field research, ecology, and conservation biology in Mesoamerica. The overall goal of each contribution is to integrate newly collected field data with theoretical perspectives drawn from evolutionary biology, socioecology, biological anthropology, and conservation to identify how our current knowledge of primate behavior and ecology has moved beyond more traditional approaches. A corollary to this, and an important goal of the volume is to identify geographical regions and species for which we continue to lack sufficient information, to develop action plans for future research, and to identify areas for immediate conservation action. Despite many decades of primate research in Mesoamerica, much is still unknown concerning the basic ecology and behavior of these species, demography, current distribution, and conservation status of local populations, and the effectiveness of conservation policies on primate survivorship. Four major areas of research are the focus of the volume: Evolutionary Biology and Biogeography; Population Demography and Ecology; Behavior; and Conservation and Management Policies.
New Methods of Concurrent Checking
New Methods of Concurrent Checking is the ultimate reference to answer the question as to how the best possible state-of-the-art error detection circuits can be designed. The most effective methods of concurrent checking for digital circuits are comprehensively described which were developed in the last 15 years. Some of the methods are published for the first time. How concurrent checking can be combined with soft error correction is also shown for the first time. This book is invaluable in considering the design of reliable systems in the emerging Nanotechnologies with an associated growing number of transient faults.
New Horizons of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Parallel and distributed computing is one of the foremost technologies for shaping future research and development activities in academia and industry. Hyperthreading in Intel processors, hypertransport links in next generation AMD processors, multicore silicon in today’s high-end microprocessors, emerging cluster and grid computing, has moved parallel/distributed computing into the mainstream of computing. New Horizons of Parallel and Distributed Computing is a collection of self-contained chapters written by pioneers and researchers to provide solutions for newly emerging problems in this field. This volume will not only provide novel ideas, work in progress and state-of-the-art techniques in the field, but also stimulate future research activities in the area of parallel and distributed computing with applications. New Horizons of Parallel and Distributed Computing is intended for researchers and graduate students in computer science and electrical engineering, as well as researchers and developers in industry. This book can be used as a textbook and a reference for use by students, researchers, and developers.
New horizons for a data-driven economy : A roadmap for usage and exploitation of big data in Europe
The book is structured in four parts: Part I “The Big Data Opportunity” explores the value potential of big data with a particular focus on the European context. It also describes the legal, business and social dimensions that need to be addressed, and briefly introduces the European Commission’s BIG project. Part II “The Big Data Value Chain” details the complete big data lifecycle from a technical point of view, ranging from data acquisition, analysis, curation and storage, to data usage and exploitation. Next, Part III “Usage and Exploitation of Big Data” illustrates the value creation possibilities of big data applications in various sectors, including industry, healthcare, finance, energy, media and public services. Finally, Part IV “A Roadmap for Big Data Research” identifies and prioritizes the cross-sectorial requirements for big data research, and outlines the most urgent and challenging technological, economic, political and societal issues for big data in Europe.
New Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine
Rapid advances in stem cell biology have raised exciting possibilities of replacing damaged or lost tissues and cells by activation of in vitro-expanded stem cells or their progeny. This book examines many of the unresolved problems as well as future applications of regenerative medicine. Areas of focus include the nervous system and hippocampal neurogenesis, along with the functional significance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the production of free radicals after brain ischemia; the digestive and integumentary systems, dealing with hepatocyte transplantation, pancreatic regeneration, and skin and hair regeneration; and the cardiovascular system, with repair and remodeling of the lung and heart, and arterial remodeling with bone marrow-derived progenitor cells. In addition to animal experiments, results of research on human tissues and organs are included.
New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence ; JSAI 2007 Conference and Workshops, Miyazaki, Japan, June 18-22, 2007, Revised Selected Papers
The technology of artifcial intelligence is increasing its importance thanks to the rapid growth of the Internet and computer technology. In Japan, the annual conference series of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Arti?cial Intelligence) has been playing a leading role in promoting AI research, and selected papers of the annual conferences have been published in the LNAI series since 2003. This book consists of award papers from the 21st annual conference of JSAI (JSAI 2007) and selected papers from the four co-located workshops.
New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence ; Joint JSAI 2005 Workshop Post-Proceedings
The objectives of this book are to present the award papers from the 19th annual conference of JSAI 2005 and the selected papers from the ?ve co-located international workshops and to promote the study exchange among worldwide researchers. Five papers received awards among more than 200 presentations in the conference, and 40 papers were selected from the workshops of Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics 2005 (LENLS 2005), Learning with Logics and Logics for Learning (LLLL 2005), Agent Network Dynamics and Intelligence (ANDI 2005), Conversational Informatics (CI 2005) and Risk Management Systems with Intelligent Data Analysis (RMSIDA 2005).
