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Chance Discoveries in Real World Decision Making : Data-based Interaction of Human intelligence and Artificial Intelligence
For this book, the editors invited and called for contributions from indispensable research areas relevant to "chance discovery," which has been defined as the discovery of events significant for making a decision, and studied since 2000. From respective research areas as artificial intelligence, mathematics, cognitive science, medical science, risk management, methodologies for design and communication, the invited and selected authors in this book present their particular approaches to chance discovery. The chapters here show contributions to identifying rare or hidden events and explaining their significance, predicting future trends, communications for scenario development in marketing and design, identification effects and side-effects of medicines, etc.
Cell Communication in Nervous and Immune System
At first glance, the nervous and immune systems appear very different. However, both systems have developed mechanisms for memory formation – though of quite different quality and significance for the organism. One striking example is that both systems form and communicate via synapses armed with similar sets of proteins. This collection of reviews, contributed by internationally recognized immunologists and molecular and cellular neurobiologists, puts side by side cellular communication devices and signaling mechanisms in the immune and nervous systems and discusses mechanisms of interaction between the two systems, the significance of which has only recently been fully appreciated.
Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development ; 7th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2007 Belfast Northern Ireland, UK, August 13-16, 2007 Proceedings
It presented along with three invited talks. The sections address all aspects of case-based reasoning, featuring original theoretical research, applied research, and applications with practical, social, environmental, and economic significance.
Case-based reasoning research and development ; 6th International conference on case-based reasoning, ICCBR 2005, Chicago, IL, USA, August 23-26, 2005, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2005, held in Chicago, IL, USA, in August 2005. The 19 revised full research papers and 26 revised poster papers presented together with the abstracts of 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 74 submissions. The papers address all current foundational, theoretical and research aspects of case-based reasoning as well as advanced applications either with innovative commercial deployment or practical, social, environmental or economic significance.
Brexit and the Control of Tobacco Illicit Trade
This book assesses the consequences of Brexit for the control of illicit trade in tobacco products in the UK and EU. Based on the currently applicable legal framework, it examines the significance of a possible non-application of the acquis communautaire in the UK in matters relating to anti-illicit trade in tobacco legislation.
Breathing, feeding, and neuroprotection
New findings in brain research are being revealed on an almost daily basis, and the focus of this book is the fields of breathing, neuroprotection, and higher brain functions. An unresolved issue within respiration research and hence a topic of much interest is Where and how respiratory rhythm is generated in the brainstem, detailed analysis of which is presented herein. Chapters on neuroprotection examine the functional significance of the blood – brain barrier as an interface of blood and the central nervous system; other chapters look at health and disease in relation to the hypothalamic and limbic systems. In addition to animal experiments, research on the human brain is included, with a focus on the recently developed EEG/dipole tracing method. This book will be an invaluable reference for researchers in neuroscience and related fields.
Brain tumor pathology : Current diagnostic hotspots and pitfalls
Since Bailey and Cushing (1926), all brain tumor classifications have been called histogenetic. The nosographic position that the tumor types progressively acquired in the classification systems derived from the resemblance of tumor cells to those of the cytogenesis, modified whenever new information became available from different biological research fields and especially from molecular genetics. Classically, on the basis of the rough correspondence between the mature/immature aspect of tumor cells and the benign/malignant biological behavior of the tumors, the histological labels contained a prognostic significance. The supposed origin of the tumors was thus a factor for prognosis. Later on, with the concept of anaplasia (Cox, 1933; Kernohan et al., 1949) new criteria were introduced for establishing the malignancy grades of tumors. Immunohistochemistry and later molecular genetics further refined the prognostic diagnoses, substantially increasing the opportunities to recognize the cell origin of tumors, beside revealing the pathogenetic mechanisms. Prognoses became more accurate, as required by the greater and more targeted possibilities of therapy.
Borrelia burgdorferi : Methods and protocols
Covers the latest advancements and techniques used to understand the fastidious bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, and its significance in infectious disorders by combining both conventional and cutting-edge approaches. This book covers diverse topics, including direct detection, diagnostic methods, immune response analysis, alternative model systems, advanced proteomics, social media analysis, and clinical research. It also discusses unconventional wet lab research such as content analysis, the use of ChatGPT, clinical algorithms for chronic Lyme, establishment of a pregnancy Lyme disease biobank, and investigates Lyme in pregnant women. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Assessing Climate Change : Temperatures, Solar Radiation, and Heat Balance
The chapters of the book attempt to answer a number of essential questions in relation to global warming and climate change. He begins by showing how the earth’s climate has varied in the past, discussing ice ages, the Holocene period since the end of the last ice age, particularly during the past 1000 years. He investigates the reliability of "proxies" for historical temperatures and assesses the hockey stick version of global temperatures for the past millennium. To do this effectively he looks carefully at how well near surface temperatures of land and ocean on earth have been monitored during the past 100 years or more, and looks at the utility and significance of a single global average temperature
Area-wide control of insect pests : From research to field implementation
This new textbook on area-wide control of insect pests collates a series of selected papers that attempts to address various funda- mental components of AW-IPM, e.g. the importance of relevant problem-solving research, the need for essential baseline data, thesignificanceofadequatetoolsforappropri-atecontrolstrategies,andthevalueofpilottri- als, etc.
Animals and the shaping of modern medicine : One health and its histories
This book breaks new ground by situating animals and their diseases at the very heart of modern medicine. In demonstrating their historical significance as subjects and shapers of medicine, it offers important insights into past animal lives, and reveals that what we think of as ‘human’ medicine was in fact deeply zoological.Each chapter analyses an important episode in which animals changed and were changed by medicine. Ranging across the animal inhabitants of Britain’s zoos, sick sheep on Scottish farms, unproductive livestock in developing countries, and the tapeworms of California and Beirut, they illuminate the multi-species dimensions of modern medicine and its rich historical connections with biology, zoology, agriculture and veterinary medicine. The modern movement for One Health – whose history is also analyzed – is therefore revealed as just the latest attempt to improve health by working across species and disciplines.
Anand's Human Anatomy for Dental Students
Presents with six sections. The initial part of first section deals with general anatomy, a must for laying foundation of body structure, chapter 4 is ""organization of body"", gives a comprehensive overview of composition of body, its various parts with essentials of regional anatomy of limbs, thorax and abdomen. Subsequent chapters till chapter no. 17 deals with systemic anatomy, i.e. anatomy of various systems of body with their clinical significance.
An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Dynamic Materials
This book gives a mathematical treatment of a novel concept in material science that characterizes the properties of dynamic materials—that is, material substances whose properties are variable in space and time. Unlike conventional composites that are often found in nature, dynamic materials are mostly the products of modern technology developed to maintain the most effective control over dynamic processes. These materials have diverse applications: tunable left-handed dielectrics, optical pumping with high-energy pulse compression, and electromagnetic stealth technology, to name a few. Of special significance is the participation of dynamic materials in almost every optimal material design in dynamics.
An ecological and societal approach to biological control
Biological control is among the most promising methods for control of pests (including vectors), diseases and weeds. In this book ecological and societal aspects are for the first time treated together. In an ecological approach the aim is to evaluate the significance of certain biological properties like biodiversity and natural habitats. Also, it is important to see biological control from an organic (or ecological) farming point of view. In a societal approach terms like ‘consumer’s attitude’, ‘risk perception’, ‘learning and education’ and ‘value triangle’ are recognised as significant for biological production and human welfare.
Alternatives to Animal Testing : Proceedings of Asian Congress 2016
This book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs.
Alternative Splicing and Disease
Splicing of primary RNA transcript, i.e. removal of introns and joining of exons to produce mature mRNAs competent for translation into proteins, is a quasi-systematic step of gene expression in higher organisms. However, this process is not unequivocal but can follow alternate pathways. Alternative splicing of a given transcript can therefore yield several distinct mRNAs encoding as many different proteins. Its full biological significance has not been appreciated until it was recognized that alternative splicing is so general as to affect about 75% of all human genes. Therefore, alternative splicing not only vastly increases protein diversity but also offers numerous opportunities for aberrant splicing events with pathological consequences.
Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining ; 6th Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2002, Taipei, Taiwan, May 6-8, 2002 : Proceedings
Knowledge discovery and data mining have become areas of growing significance because of the recent increasing demand for KDD techniques, including those used in machine learning, databases, statistics, knowledge acquisition, data visualization, and high performance computing. In view of this, and following the success of the five previous PAKDD conferences, the sixth Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD 2002) aimed to provide a forum for the sharing of original research results, innovative ideas, state-of-the-art developments, and implementation experiences in knowledge discovery and data mining among researchers in academic and industrial organizations. Much work went into preparing a program of high quality. We received 128 submissions.
Advanced Dairy Chemistry ; Vol.2 : Lipids
The book is unique in the literature on milk lipids, a broad field that encompasses a diverse range of topics, including synthesis of fatty acids and acylglycerols, compounds associated with the milk fat fraction, analytical aspects, behavior of lipids during processing and their effect on product characteristics, product defects arising from lipolysis and oxidation of lipids, as well as nutritional significance of milk lipids.
A short guide to clinical pharmacokinetics
Consists of seven chapters that cover various aspects of pharmacokinetics and its clinical applications. The chapters are structured to provide clear objectives and keywords are bolded throughout the text to facilitate understanding. The topics covered include the significance of pharmacokinetics in clinical practice, factors affecting pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacokinetic drug interactions, therapeutic drug monitoring, dosage adjustment in different population groups, the influence of hepatic diseases on pharmacokinetics and the impact of pharmacogenomics on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
A Pan-Chromatic View of Clusters of Galaxies and the Large-Scale Structure
The reviews presented in this volume cover a wide-range of cluster of galaxies topics like the physics of the ICM gas, the internal cluster dynamics, the detection of clusters using different observational techniques, the great advances in analytical or numerical modeling of clusters, weak and strong lensing effects, the large scale structure as traced by clusters, the cosmological significance of clusters as well as the formation and evolution of clusters within the new cosmological paradigm.
