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Domain Decomposition Methods for the Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations
Domain decomposition methods are divide and conquer methods for the parallel and computational solution of partial differential equations of elliptic or parabolic type. They include iterative algorithms for solving the discretized equations, techniques for non-matching grid discretizations and techniques for heterogeneous approximations. This book serves as an introduction to this subject, with emphasis on matrix formulations. The topics studied include Schwarz, substructuring, Lagrange multiplier and least squares-control hybrid formulations, multilevel methods, non-self adjoint problems, parabolic equations, saddle point problems (Stokes, porous media and optimal control), non-matching grid discretizations, heterogeneous models, fictitious domain methods, variational inequalities, maximum norm theory, eigenvalue problems, optimization problems and the Helmholtz scattering problem. Selected convergence theory is included.
DNA Computing ; 7th International Workshop on DNA-Based Computers, DNA7, Tampa, FL, USA, June 10-13, 2001, Revised Papers
Constitutes the post-proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on DNA-Based Computers, held in Florida in 2001. The 26 papers cover experimental tools, theoretical tools, probabilistic computational models, computer simulation and sequence design, algorithms, experimental solutions and more.
Distributed Search by Constrained Agents : Algorithms, Performance, Communication
This book presents a comprehensive discussion on the field of distributed constraints, its algorithms and its active research areas. It introduces distributed constraint satisfaction and optimization problems and proceeds to present a complete state-of-the-art in DisCSP & DisCOP research.
Distributed and Parallel Systems : Cluster and Grid Computing
DAPSY (Austrian-Hungarian Workshop on Distributed and Parallel Systems) is an international conference series with biannual events dedicated to all aspects of distributed and parallel computing. DAPSY started under a different name in 1992 (Sopron, Hungary) as regional meeting of Austrian and Hungarian researchers focusing on transputer-related parallel computing; a hot research topic of that time. A second workshop followed in 1994 (Budapest, Hungary). As transputers became history, the scope of the workshop widened to include parallel and distributed systems in general and the 1st DAPSYS in 1996 (Miskolc, Hungary) reflected the results of these changes.
Dissemination of Information in Optical Networks : From Technology to Algorithms In Cooperation with Ralf Klasing
This book gives a broad overview of techniques used in the design of WDM networks for efficient dissemination of information in computer networks.
Discrete-Time Markov Chains : Two-Time-Scale Methods and Applications
The motivation stems from existing and emerging applications in optimization and control of complex hybrid Markovian systems in manufacturing, wireless communication, and financial engineering. Much effort in this book is devoted to designing system models arising from these applications, analyzing them via analytic and probabilistic techniques, and developing feasible computational algorithms so as to reduce the inherent complexity. This book presents results including asymptotic expansions of probability vectors, structural properties of occupation measures, exponential bounds, aggregation and decomposition and associated limit processes, and interface of discrete-time and continuous-time systems. One of the salient features is that it contains a diverse range of applications on filtering, estimation, control, optimization, and Markov decision processes, and financial engineering.
Discrete Optimization with Interval Data : Minmax Regret and Fuzzy Approach
This book is a valuable source of information for all operations research practitioners who are interested in modern approaches to problem solving. Apart from the description of the theoretical framework, it also presents some algorithms that can be applied to solve problems that arise in practice.
Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery ; 14th IAPR International Conference, DGCI 2008, Lyon, France, April 16-18, 2008. Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th IAPR TC-18 International Conference on Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery, DGCI 2008, held in Lyon, France, in April 2008.
Direct Transistor-level Layout for Digital Blocks
The essential flaw in prior efforts is an over-reliance on geometric assumptions from large-scale cell-based layout algorithms. Individual transistors may seem simple, but they do not pack as gates do. Algorithms that ignore these shape-level issues suffer the consequences when thousands of devices are poorly packed. The approach described in this book can pack devices much more densely than a typical cell-based layout
Digital Terrain Modelling : Development and Applications in a Policy Support Environment
This book presents a set of papers on Digital Terrain Modelling for Policy Support which aims to be informative and stimulating for both developers and users of digital terrain models. It should also be useful for professi- als who are interested in the wider aspects of the applications of terrain models in support for policies and decision making. There is an increasing demand for regional and continental scale data for use in environmental modelling and spatial analysis to support envir- mental policy development and implementation. Important environmental processes act at regional and continental scales, for example climatic change inducing floods and soil erosion, and management of these pr- esses for the sustainable development of society requires policies to be - plied at the corresponding scales. One of the most important factors inf- encing these environmental processes which act on the earth’s surface is the surface topography, hence the need for extensive, harmonised digital terrain models.
Digital Enterprise Technology : Perspectives and Future Challenges
Digital engineering methods and systems are vitally important for performing key technical and business functions of global enterprises in a distributed and collaborative manner. The product design and engineering systems are gradually being developed to include a variety of tools for DfX, as well as incorporate aspects of digital manufacturing.The chapters presented in this book are contributed by world class leaders in the field. This volume includes relevant examples of current state-of-art in the development and use of systems and methods for the digital modelling of global development and realization processes in the context of life cycle management.
Digital Control Systems : Design, Identification and Implementation
Digital Control Systems demonstrates in detail how to design and implement high-performance model-based controllers combining system identification and control design techniques extensively tested in industrial milieux. The effective use of these techniques is illustrated in the context of various systems including: d.c. motors, flexible transmissions, air heaters, distillation columns and hot-dip galvanizing. Topics covered include: • essentials of computer-based control systems; • controller design methods (robust pole placement, long-range-predictive control, state space, digital PID, etc.); • system identification techniques; • practical aspects of system identification and digital control.
Differential Models : An Introduction with Mathcad
Differential equations are often used in mathematical models for technological processes or devices. However, the design of a differential mathematical model is crucial and difficult in engineering.
Differential Evolution ; Vol.5 : In Search of Solutions
The human being aspires to the best possible performance. Both individuals and enterprises are looking for optimal—in other words, the best possible—solutions for situations or problems they face. Most of these problems can be expressed in mathematical terms, and so the methods of optimization undoubtedly render a significant aid. In cases where there are many local optima; intricate constraints; mixed-type variables; or noisy, time-dependent or otherwise ill-defined functions, the usual methods don’t give satisfactory results. Are you seeking fresh ideas or more efficient methods, or do you perhaps want to be well-informed about the latest achievements in optimization? If so, this book is for you. This book develops a unified insight on population-based optimization through Differential Evolution, one of the most recent and efficient optimization algorithms. You will find, in this book, everything concerning Differential Evolution and its application in its newest formulation.
Differential Evolution : A Practical Approach to Global Optimization
Problems demanding globally optimal solutions are ubiquitous, yet many are intractable when they involve constrained functions having many local optima and interacting, mixed-type variables. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is a practical approach to global numerical optimization which is easy to understand, simple to implement, reliable, and fast. Packed with illustrations, computer code, new insights, and practical advice, this volume explores DE in both principle and practice. It is a valuable resource for professionals needing a proven optimizer and for students wanting an evolutionary perspective on global numerical optimization.
Development and evaluation of setup strategies in printed circuit board assembly
The last decade has seen a rapid extension of electronic control devices for various types of technical products. In modern electronics manufacturing, highly automated assembly systems are used to mount the electronic components onto the printed circuit boards (PCBs). Maintaining high production flexibility in order to meet the desired product variety and, at the same time, achieving high utilization rates of the capital-intensive production equipment can only be achieved by applying highly sophisticated planning and control strategies for the operation of modern placement machines. Ihsan Onur Yilmaz develops a novel group setup strategy which integrates multiple problems of the PCB assembly, especially in a medium-variety production environment. At the core of his principle approach are the identification of similarities between different types of PCBs and the generation of PCB clusters upon which group setup strategies are based. The developed setup strategies are also innovative in the sense that they integrate the optimization of detailed machine operations. This integration has not been achieved in the classical approaches which primarily rely on statistical clustering techniques.
Developing Statistical Software in Fortran 95
"This book gives statisticians, biostatisticians and methodologically-oriented researchers the tools they need to develop high-quality statistical software. This book is for those who want to learn how to create statistical applications quickly and effectively. Prior experience with a programming language such as Basic, Fortran or C is helpful but not required. More experienced programmers will learn new strategies to harness the power of modern Fortran and the object-oriented paradigm. This may serve as a supplementary text for a graduate course on statistical computing."
Detection of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents in Connection with Terrorism
The organization of an Advanced Research Workshop with the title “Detection and Disposal of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents in Connection with Terrorism” was motivated by international findings about activities in this field of application. This ARW followed a meeting about the “Detection of Disposal Improvised Explosives” (St. Petersburg, 2005). Both items show the logistic problems as one of the lessons, terrorists have to overcome. These problems are connected with the illegal supply and transport of explosives and fuels and as counter-measure the detection of these materials. The invention of liquid explosives goes back to the middle of the 19th century and was used for special purposes in the commercial field of application. Because of the high sensitivity of liquid explosives against mechanical shock, caused by adiabatic compression of air-bobbles producing “hot spots” as origin of initiation the commercial application was not very successful. Because of this high risk, liquid explosives are not used in military or commercial application with some exceptions. In the commercial field explosives as slurries or emulsions consisting of suitable salts (Ammoniumnitrate etc.) and water are used to a large extend because of their high insensitivity. In many cases these slurries or emulsions were unfit for terrorist actions, because of their low sensitivity, large critical diameter and using in confinement. In the military field liquid explosives are used in World War I and II as bomb-fillings.
Designing Organizations : 21st Century Approaches
The design of organizations has been an ongoing concern of management theory and practice over the past several decades. Over this time, there has been little change in the fundamental theory, principles and concepts of Organization Design (OD). Recently organizational life has changed dramatically with the advent of: new communication systems, adaptive mechanisms, information technology, knowledge management systems, innovation processes and more. This book systemically examines these developments and their impact on OD with contributions from leading scholars in the area. Also featured in the book are the practical issues with implementing OD in organizations. The individual chapters are organized into five sections: (1) Putting Contingency Theory in its Place, (2) Focus on Individuals Who Make up the Organization, (3) Innovation Processes and Organization Design, (4) Adaptation and Technology, and (5) Design for Performance. Each chapter examines aspects of the book’s threefold theme: (1) core issues in organization design, (2) emerging theoretical perspectives in OD, and (3) new developments and directions in OD. A special feature of each chapter is: 1) implications for theory, and 2) implications for practice.
Designing green landscapes
This book presents the latest thinking in adaptive management for forest ecosystems. Based on the ‘multiple path’ principle, this approach links species choice and silvicultural methods with changing demands and changing environmental conditions, to ensure continuous adaptation, often several times within the lifetime of a tree. The ‘multiple path’ principle at the core of this approach represents a robust theoretical framework for designing forested landscapes. It provides a logical basis both for coordinating spatial objectives and for integrating varied forms of expertise; it limits planning horizons to realistic timeframes; and it allows for forecasts based on current real attributes of spatially explicit land parcels. This is in stark contrast with traditional forestry practices which simply assess the forest resource at regular time intervals and prescribe standard management schedules for specific forest types.
