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Analytic Number Theory : Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy, July 11-18, 2002
The four contributions collected in this volume deal with several advanced results in analytic number theory. Friedlander’s paper contains some recent achievements of sieve theory leading to asymptotic formulae for the number of primes represented by suitable polynomials. Heath-Brown's lecture notes mainly deal with counting integer solutions to Diophantine equations, using among other tools several results from algebraic geometry and from the geometry of numbers. Iwaniec’s paper gives a broad picture of the theory of Siegel’s zeros and of exceptional characters of L-functions, and gives a new proof of Linnik’s theorem on the least prime in an arithmetic progression. Kaczorowski’s article presents an up-to-date survey of the axiomatic theory of L-functions introduced by Selberg, with a detailed exposition of several recent results.
Analysis of failure in fiber polymer laminates : the theory of Alfred Puck
This book presents for the first time comprehensively the Theory of Alfred Puck on failure in Fiber Polymer Laminates. After a brief introduction into the failure analysis of laminates and its history, the text focuses first on Puck’s fracture criteria and gives detailed information on their physical background, mathematical derivation and application. Another core part of Puck’s Theory is his concept for Post Failure Analysis. Here, too, the physical background and the analytical procedure are presented. The theoretical chapters are completed by the presentation of the latest developments, namely the consideration of residual stresses and probabilistic effects. The second main part of the book deals with the extensive experimental verification program which has been accomplished since the mid 1990’s. As a result of this work, the Puck Theory can be regarded as better verified than any other theory. All experimental set ups and the major results are presented and explained.
Analysis and Design of Nonlinear Control Systems : In Honor of Alberto Isidori
The chapters in this book cover a significant number of control and systems theory topics and describe a mix of new methodological results, advanced applications, emerging control areas and tutorial works.
Analyse céphalométrique fonctionnelle et esthétique de profil = Functional and aesthetic cephalometric profile analysis
The complexity of the craniofacial architecture explains the multiplicity of cephalometric analyzes, too often based on points without phylogenetic, ontogenetic, anatomical or biomechanical justification. The value of a reliable and rapid analysis designed from indisputable fundamental foundations is essential. It enables the use of cephalometry in the daily practice of orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons and facial plastic surgeons. This functional and aesthetic cephalometric analysis is carried out from fourteen anatomical points, ten bony points and four skin points, which all have in common that they are exo-basicranial. This analysis is easy to understand and use. It only takes five minutes to be learned and five minutes to be traced (fifteen seconds if it is computerized). The resulting results are reliable. The functional and aesthetic analysis is developed through four chapters. The first is devoted to the fundamental bases, the second to the analysis itself and to clinical cases, the third to the comparative study of different cephalometric analyzes, and finally the fourth chapter revisits the work of Arne Björk.
Analisi di Rasch e questionari di misura : Applicazioni in medicina e scienze sociali = Rasch analysis and measurement questionnaires: Applications in medicine and social sciences
Evaluation questionnaires are the most used tools nowadays in the field of medicine and the human sciences to evaluate variables such as disability, altruism or pain. However, clinicians are often unfamiliar with these tools. What do they really measure? How are the results to be interpreted? This book tries to answer these questions.
An Undergraduate Primer in Algebraic Geometry
This book consists of two parts. The first is devoted to an introduction to basic concepts in algebraic geometry: affine and projective varieties, some of their main attributes and examples. The second part is devoted to the theory of curves: local properties, affine and projective plane curves, resolution of singularities, linear equivalence of divisors and linear series, Riemann–Roch and Riemann–Hurwitz Theorems.The approach in this book is purely algebraic. The main tool is commutative algebra, from which the needed results are recalled, in most cases with proofs. The prerequisites consist of the knowledge of basics in affine and projective geometry, basic algebraic concepts regarding rings, modules, fields, linear algebra, basic notions in the theory of categories, and some elementary point–set topology.
An R and S-Plus® Companion to Multivariate Analysis
Most data sets collected by researchers are multivariate, and in the majority of cases the variables need to be examined simultaneously to get the most informative results. This requires the use of one or other of the many methods of multivariate analysis, and the use of a suitable software package such as S-PLUS or R. In this book the core multivariate methodology is covered along with some basic theory for each method described. The necessary R and S-PLUS code is given for each analysis in the book, with any differences between the two highlighted.
An Introduction to Scientific Computing : Twelve Computational Projects Solved with MATLAB
This book provides twelve computational projects aimed at numerically solving problems from a broad range of applications including Fluid Mechanics, Chemistry, Elasticity, Thermal Science, Computer Aided Design, Signal and Image Processing. For each project the reader is guided through the typical steps of scientific computing from physical and mathematical description of the problem, to numerical formulation and programming and finally to critical discussion of numerical results. Considerable emphasis is placed on practical issues of computational methods. The last section of each project contains the solutions to all proposed exercises and guides the reader in using the MATLAB scripts.
An Introduction to Queueing Theory: and Matrix-Analytic Methods
The present textbook contains the recordsof a two–semester course on que- ing theory, including an introduction to matrix–analytic methods. This book provides a mathematical introduction to the theory of queuing theory and matrix-analytic methods … . The style of the text … is concise and rigorous. The proofs are presented for study. Each chapter concludes with a set of exercises inviting readers to prove supplementary results and review particular aspects of the theory. The book under review attempts to give an introduction to the theory of queues without losing contact with its applicability. … For instructors who prefer the topics covered, this book is a nice candidate as they do not need to choose the topics but only need to elaborate on them. Nevertheless, it would be a good reference book for an introductory course in queuing theory, stochastic modelling, or applied probability
An Introduction to Number Theory
An Introduction to Number Theory provides an introduction to the main streams of number theory. Starting with the unique factorization property of the integers, the theme of factorization is revisited several times throughout the book to illustrate how the ideas handed down from Euclid continue to reverberate through the subject. In particular, the book shows how the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, handed down from antiquity, informs much of the teaching of modern number theory. The result is that number theory will be understood, not as a collection of tricks and isolated results, but as a coherent and interconnected theory. A number of different approaches to number theory are presented, and the different streams in the book are brought together in a chapter that describes the class number formula for quadratic fields and the famous conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer. The final chapter introduces some of the main ideas behind modern computational number theory and its applications in cryptography.
An Introduction to Infinite-Dimensional Analysis
In this revised and extended version of his course notes from a 1-year course at Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, the author provides an introduction – for an audience knowing basic functional analysis and measure theory but not necessarily probability theory – to analysis in a separable Hilbert space of infinite dimension.Starting from the definition of Gaussian measures in Hilbert spaces, concepts such as the Cameron-Martin formula, Brownian motion and Wiener integral are introduced in a simple way. These concepts are then used to illustrate some basic stochastic dynamical systems (including dissipative nonlinearities) and Markov semi-groups, paying special attention to their long-time behavior: ergodicity, invariant measure. Here fundamental results like the theorems of Prokhorov, Von Neumann, Krylov-Bogoliubov and Khas'minski are proved. The last chapter is devoted to gradient systems and their asymptotic behavior.
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI
This book provides an introduction into the ethics of robots and artificial intelligence. The book was written with university students, policy makers, and professionals in mind but should be accessible for most adults. The book is meant to provide balanced and, at times, conflicting viewpoints as to the benefits and deficits of AI through the lens of ethics. As discussed in the chapters that follow, ethical questions are often not cut and dry. Nations, communities, and individuals may have unique and important perspectives on these topics that should be heard and considered. While the voices that compose this book are our own, we have attempted to represent the views of the broader AI, robotics, and ethics communities.
An Introduction to Difference Equations
The book integrates both classical and modern treatments of difference equations. It contains the most updated and comprehensive material, yet the presentation is simple enough for the book to be used by advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. This third edition includes more proofs, more graphs, and more applications. The author has also updated the contents by adding a new chapter on Higher Order Scalar Difference Equations, along with recent results on local and global stability of one-dimensional maps, a new section on the various notions of asymptoticity of solutions, a detailed proof of Levin-May Theorem, and the latest results on the LPA flour-beetle model
An Interactive Multimedia Introduction to Signal Processing
A didactic concept is undertaken for microelectronics, computer technology and communication engineering, which deals with the visualization of signals and processes in addition to graphical programming of signal processing systems. Through the utilization of a professional and globally supported software for metrology and control engineering, DasyLab, useful applications can be developed, modified and optimized. Computer supported processing of real signals is made possible over the sound card and the parallel port. Over two hundred pre-programmed signal engineering systems and design transparencies are provided. Pictures also play a dominant rule in this book: there are numerous introduction-videos, one for every chapter, more than 250 high-quality pictures and - most important – all the "living" experiments and their results are visualized. With this learning system, readers can now make use of "equipment" and software, which was practically unaffordable for individuals in the past. What's more, here is a very new concept for learning Signal Processing, not only from the physically-based scientific fundamentals, but also from the didactic perspective, based on modern results of brain research.
Ambiguities in Decision-oriented Life Cycle Inventories: The Role of Mental Models and Values
Shows for the first time how mental models and values influence this attribution in the life cycle inventory step of LCA. One of the key findings is that the different management rules for a sustainable use of materials must be taken into account for the attribution of material and energy flows to a product. Otherwise, improvement options recommended by an LCA might turn out to even worsen the environmental situation if reassessed from a meta-perspective. As a consequence of this book, the claim of unambiguitiy (‘objectivity’) of the life cycle inventory must be abandoned. A group-model building process for LCA is developed that allows one to grasp the decision makers' mental models and values in the inventory analysis on a case- and situation-specific basis. Only by this, LCA results will become relevant in a decision-making process. Two case studies on the modelling of recycling and other end-of-life options of aluminium windows and beech wood railway sleepers in LCA complement the methodological part.
Alzheimers Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that robs the minds of our elderly population. Approximately one in every eight adults over the age of 65 and nearly half of those over 85 are afflicted with this disease. The aging population in developed societies will impose an ever increasing socioeconomic threat in the future. Current medicines for AD patients are mainly symptomatic treatments and a huge unmet medical need exists to slow the progression of this disease. A great deal of research has been dedicated to understanding the pathogenesis of AD from which comes many ideas for intervening with its progression. Some of these ideas have been fast-tracked to clinical trials due to the availability of medicines with proven clinical efficacies for other diseases (e.g. atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosiglitazone and clioquinol) while others represent novel chemical entities (e.g. glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors).
Alternative Education : Global Perspectives Relevant to the Asia-Pacific Region
Alternative streams of education have been and remain an important but difficult theme for teachers, parents, policy-makers, and scholars. By focusing on case studies of six countries (Bolivia, Thailand, Australia, USA, The Netherlands, and Denmark), and by comprehensively analysing these by means of international comparative methodologies, the author approaches the nuts and bolts issues of alternative and mainstream education systems. The case studies include Charter Schools in the USA and Waldorf Schools in Australia. The study presents not only an insightful analysis of alternative forms of education with regard to actual issues in societies and also legal and administrative features of education. It provides insights into the kind of school development that could be appropriate in the 21st century and the types of educational communities we should seek to create in the age of globalisation.
Algorithms on Trees and Graphs : With Python Code
Introduces graph algorithms on an intuitive basis followed by a detailed exposition using structured pseudocode, with correctness proofs as well as worst-case analyses. Centered around the fundamental issue of graph isomorphism, the content goes beyond classical graph problems of shortest paths, spanning trees, flows in networks, and matchings in bipartite graphs. Advanced algorithmic results and techniques of practical relevance are presented in a coherent and consolidated way. Numerous illustrations, examples, problems, exercises, and a comprehensive bibliography support students and professionals in using the book as a text and source of reference. Furthermore, Python code for all algorithms presented is given in an appendix. Topics and features: Algorithms are first presented on an intuitive basis, followed by a detailed exposition using structured pseudocode / Correctness proofs are given, together with a worst-case analysis of the algorithms / Full implementation of all the algorithms in Python / An extensive chapter is devoted to the algorithmic techniques used in the book / Solutions to all the problems
Algorithms in Bioinformatics ; Vol. 3692 ; 5th international workshop, WABI 2005, Mallorca, Spain, October 3-6, 2005, Proceedings
this book present the proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Algorithmsin Bioinformatics (WABI 2005) which took place in Spain, 2005. The Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics highlights research workspecifically developed to address algorithmic problems in biosequence analysis. The emphasis is therefore on statistical and probabilistic algorithms that addressimportant problems in the field of molecular and structural biology. the workshop aims to present recent research results, includingsignificant work in progress, and to identify and explore directions of futureresearch.Original research papers (including significant work in progress) or state-of-the-art surveys were solicited on all aspects of algorithms in bioinformatics,including, but not limited to: exact and approximate algorithms for genomics,genetics, sequence analysis, gene and signal recognition, alignment, molecularevolution, phylogenetics, structure determination or prediction, gene expressionand gene networks, proteomics, functional genomics, and drug design.
Algorithms in Bioinformatics : Theory and Implementation
Explores a comprehensive and insightful treatment of the practical application of bioinformatic algorithms in a variety of fields. Delivers a fulsome treatment of some of the main algorithms used to explain biological functions and relationships. It introduces readers to the art of algorithms in a practical manner which is linked with biological theory and interpretation. The book covers many key areas of bioinformatics, including global and local sequence alignment, forced alignment, detection of motifs, Sequence logos, Markov chains or information entropy. Other novel approaches are also described, such as Self-Sequence alignment, Objective Digital Stains (ODSs) or Spectral Forecast and the Discrete Probability Detector (DPD) algorithm. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A detailed presentation of new methods, such as Self-sequence alignment, Objective Digital Stains and Spectral Forecast ; A treatment of sequence alignment, including local sequence alignment, global sequence alignment and forced sequence alignment with full implementations ; Discussions of position-specific weight matrices, including the count, weight, relative frequencies, and log-likelihoods matrices ; A detailed presentation of the methods related to Markov Chains as well as a description of their implementation in Bioinformatics and adjacent fields ; An examination of information and entropy, including sequence logos and explanations related to their meaning ; A chapter on philosophical transactions that allows the reader a broader view of the prediction process ; Extensive worked examples with detailed case studies that point out the meaning of different results
