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Struggles for Survival : Institutional and Organizational Changes in Japan's High-Tech Industries
Takes a comprehensive look at the question by integrating the fields of institutional economics and corporate strategy, an approach that will be of significant interest theoretically and empirically to scholars, professionals, and graduate students.
Structured Population Models in Biology and Epidemiology
Consists of six chapters written by leading researchers in mathematical biology. These chapters present recent and important developments in the study of structured population models in biology and epidemiology. Topics include population models structured by age, size, and spatial position; size-structured models for metapopulations, macroparasitc diseases, and prion proliferation; models for transmission of microparasites between host populations living on non-coincident spatial domains; spatiotemporal patterns of disease spread; method of aggregation of variables in population dynamics; and biofilm models. It is suitable as a textbook for a mathematical biology course or a summer school at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. It can also serve as a reference book for researchers looking for either interesting and specific problems to work on or useful techniques and discussions of some particular problems.
Structural Theory of Automata, Semigroups, and Universal Algebra ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Structural Theory of Automata, Semigroups and Universal Algebra, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 7-18 July 2003
Several of the contributions to this volume bring forward many mutually beneficial interactions and connections between the three domains of the title. Developing them was the main purpose of the NATO ASI summerschool held in Montreal in 2003. Although some connections, for example between semigroups and automata, were known for a long time, developing them and surveying them in one volume is novel and hopefully stimulating for the future. Another aspect is the emphasis on the structural theory of automata that studies ways to contstruct big automata from small ones. The volume also has contributions on top current research or surveys in the three domains. One contribution even links clones of universal algebra with the computational complexity of computer science. Three contributions introduce the reader to research in the former East block.
Structural Change and Exchange Rate Dynamics : The Economics of EU Eastern Enlargement
Structural change, economic growth and adequate exchange rate adjustment are key challenges in the context of EU eastern enlargement as are consistent macroeconomic policies. The authors focus on sectoral adjustment across industries in catching-up countries and explain changes in the composition of output – this includes new aspects of the Chenery model. They describe and analyze the spatial pattern of specialization and adjustment in many countries. Theoretical and empirical analysis of foreign direct investment, innovation and structural change shed new light on economic dynamics in Old Europe and New Europe. As regards exchange rate dynamics both traditional aspects (such as the Balassa-Samuelson effect) and new approaches to understanding exchange rate developments are presented. Links between exchange rate changes and innovation are particularly emphasized.
Structural and Thermal Analyses of Deepwater Pipes
Focuses on advanced methods for the structural and thermal analysis of deepwater pipelines and risers. It discusses the limit strength of sandwich pipes, including finite-element analysis using Python scripts, collapse of sandwich pipes with cementitious / polymer composites, buckle propagation of sandwich pipes, dynamic behavior of subsea pipes, flow-induced vibration of functionally graded pipes, two-phase flow-induced vibration of pipelines, vortex-induced vibration of free-spanning pipelines, and the thermal analysis of composites pipes with passive insulation, active heating, and phase change material layers. It also explores structural analysis using finite element analysis and the integral transform technique for fluid-structure interaction. Lastly, the use of lumped parameter formulations combined with finite differences for the thermal analysis of pipelines is examined.
Structural and functional organization of the synapse
Synapses play a central role in the brain by mediating signal transmission between neurons. This book provides a fundamental description of the synapse by leading experts in the field. Each individual synapse carries out its numerous functions in a tiny space, thereby requiring an exquisite molecular and functional arrangement. This book describes the molecular structure and cellular function of central synapses in the brain, providing a detailed view of the brain’s fundamental unit of information storage.
Stroke Recovery with Cellular Therapies
As the leading cause of adult disability, stroke poses substantial economic and psychological burdens to populations around the world. Against this dismal backdrop, several novel "neurorestorative" approaches are being investigated as adjunctive treatments to physiotherapy. Stroke Recovery with Cellular Therapies discusses the promising investigations around the world on cell-based therapies to enhance recovery from stroke. Throughout this groundbreaking text, chapters detail the potential benefits of various types of cells and approaches for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and all studies rely upon traditional histological and functional outcomes. Among the topics detailed in this volume are transplanting immortalized neural stem cells, transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells, adipose-derived stem cells, endogenous neural stem cells in tissue remodeling, and an investigation into the ethics of stem cell research.
Stroke Prevention in Clinical Practice
Comprised of short chapters written in a succinct and bulleted style, with clear diagrams and figures to illustrate where appropriate, Stroke Prevention in Clinical Practice is ideal for the busy doctor looking for a comprehensive pocket-sized guide to the everyday management of transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and strokes. Strokes are the major cause of disability in the UK, and also the third biggest killer, but awareness and active intervention can prevent the dangers of strokes especially in high-risk groups. By starting with an explanation of TIAs, which so often preceed strokes, this work aims to make more physicians aware of the treatment regimens necessary to manage TIAs. It is vital to be aware of the early signs of TIAs, and be able to recognise them as soon as possible since a considerable amount of stroke prevention treatment stems from knowing the warning signs and taking action. This book discusses how to accurately diagnose the leading causes of strokes, and offers comprehensive treatment advice to avoid future recurrences, with all chapters written by leading experts in the field.
Stress-Activated Protein Kinases
To maximize the probability of survival, cells need to coordinate their intracellular activities in response to changes in the extracellular environment. MAP kinase cascades play an important role in the transduction of signals inside eukaryotic cells. In particular, stress stimuli result in the rapid activation of a highly conserved group of MAP kinases, known as SAPKs (Stress-Activated Protein Kinases). These kinases coordinate the generation of adaptive responses that are essential for cell survival, which include the modulation of several aspects of cell physiology from metabolism to gene expression.
Streptozotocin : Uses, mechanism of action and side effects
treptozotocin (STZ), an antibiotic and anticancer agent, is the most prominent diabetogenic chemical agent in diabetes research due to its cytotoxicity in pancreatic beta-cells. The selective toxicity of STZ due to beta cells occurs because of its preferential accumulation in beta cells through uptake via GLUT2 glucose transporter. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus can be induced by either single high dose or multiple low- dose STZ injections. At low dose, STZ induces pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis and at high dose it causes necrosis. Though STZ itself can cause carcinogenesis and renal, hepatic and muscle myoblast toxicity, these side effects can be minimized or completely avoided by using lower doses.
Strategy, Structure and Performance in a Transition Economy : An Institutional Perspective on Configurations in Russia
Being one of the biggest transition markets, Russia plays an increasing role within the global economy. Non-Russian firms are expanding into Russia in order to exploit the abundant growth opportunities. Simultaneously they face stronger competition in their home markets due to the entrance of global Russian players which try to explore opportunities abroad.Based on the results of 177 survey responses, Tobias Weigl shows that the simple transfer of managerial and organizational skills, techniques, values and culture from developed countries to Russia is a false assumption among academics and practitioners. While executives from developed markets are driven by a rational economic model, which includes objective rules and arm’s length transaction structures, successful businesses in Russia need to incorporate the remaining influence of collectivism, paternalism and ‘blat’. Thus, successfully conducting business in Russia is based on network capitalism and relationships that co-exist within the pervasive environment of the Russian state.
Strategy and Governance of Networks : Cooperatives, Franchising, and Strategic Alliances
The book emphasizes research in economics and management of networks as an interdisciplinary field by offering new theoretical perspectives and presenting new empirical results on strategic and governance structure issues in cooperatives, franchising networks, alliances, joint ventures and venture capital relations. The authors apply different theoretical views on networks, such as transaction cost theory, property rights theory, resource- and knowledge-based theory, evolutionary theory, information richness theory and social exchange theory.
Strategies to Enhance Environmental Security in Transition Countries
This volume presents the main environmental security challenges facing transition countries, as well as practical methods and approaches for addressing them. These approaches are equally applicable to all countries. The four basic topics this volume addresses are (I) Introduction to Environmental Security Challenges (II) Strategies, Methods and Approaches for Addressing these Challenges (III) Lessons Learned as Illustrated via Research and Case Studies (IV) Issues Related to Metals in the Environment. The final chapter of the book is a summary of the discussions and working group sessions, entitled "Environmental Security in Transition Countries: Knowledge Gaps, Hurdles and Effective Strategies to Address Them".
Strategies in Markets for Experience and Credence Goods
The quality and characteristics of industrial and consumption goods are often not revealed until after consumption. However, the decision to buy these products must be made before buying. Many strategies and instruments for signalling and screening have been developed in the economic world in order to overcome potential market failure due to insufficient quality detection. In many situations, efficient incentives and quality revelation are given to the market players by contracts that structure the process and payments of the transaction. Additionally, market forces lead to the emergence of new market players as intermediaries. They provide information about the quality of the products by comparing them and reveal credible signs concerning the relative quality valuation of products.
Strategies and Tactics in Supply Chain Event Management
This book gives unique insights into the Supply Chain Event Management (SCEM) of world-leading companies. Aims, methods, instruments as well as resources and budgets in Supply Chain Event Management are discussed. The reader will gain a strong understanding of the way to deal with problems along the supply chain and how to avoid them. Supply Chain Event Management is a transparent view of the company and all value chain partners and allows to meet timelines with decreased cost and risks.
Strategic Trading in Illiquid Markets
The Area of Research and the Object of Investigation In this thesis we will investigate trading strategies in illiquid markets from a market microstructure perspective. Market microstructure is the academic term for the branch of financial economics that investigates trading and the organization of security markets, Historically, exchanges evolved as a location, where those interested in buy ing or selling securities could meet physically to transact. Thus, traditionally security trading was organized on exchange floors, where so-called dealers arranged all trades and provided liquidity by quoting prices at which they were willing buy or sell. Consequently, the initial surge of the market mi crostructure literature focused predominantly on this type of market design, which is often referred to as quote-driven. Nowadays, the interest is shifting towards order-driven markets. Beginning with the Toronto Stock Exchange in the mid 1970s and increasing in fre quency and scope, this market structure has emerged as the preeminent form of security trading worldwide. In order-driven markets, exchanges arrange trades by matching public orders, often by employing automatic execution systems. Introduction A major difference between a quote-driven and an order-driven market arises from the transparency pre- and post-trade.
Strategic international marketing : Strategy development and implementation
Offers a uniquely adaptable strategy framework for firms of all sizes that are looking to internationalise their business, using carl Arthur solberg's tried and tested nine strategic windows model.also this book offers the reader insights into the globalisation phenomenon, partner relations and strategic positioning in international markets. This edition includes coverage of the complex international business environment, consider how technological development has shaped buyer behaviour, channels of distribution and payments systems globally, and the impact of digitalisation on the global economy more broadly.
Strategic human resource development in practice : Leveraging talent for sustained performance in the digital age of AI
Examines human resource development (HRD) strategy as a learning process, connecting learning and adult development with organizational development and change, and talent development, with a particular focus on the use of artificial intelligence (AI).
Strand Corrosion in Prestressed Concrete Structures
Focuses on the durability problems of existing prestressed concrete (PC) structures caused by strand corrosion, clarifies the mechanical behavior of corroded prestressing strands, corrosion-induced cracking, bond degradation, prestress loss and structural performance deterioration, and proposes the corresponding prediction models. Its aim is to provide the knowledge, tools, and methods to understand the deterioration phenomena of PC structures.
Stochastic Ordinary and Stochastic Partial Differential Equations : Transition from Microscopic to Macroscopic Equations
This book provides the first rigorous derivation of mesoscopic and macroscopic equations from a deterministic system of microscopic equations. The microscopic equations are cast in the form of a deterministic (Newtonian) system of coupled nonlinear oscillators for N large particles and infinitely many small particles. The mesoscopic equations are stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs) and stochastic partial differential equatuions (SPDEs), and the macroscopic limit is described by a parabolic partial differential equation. A detailed analysis of the SODEs and (quasi-linear) SPDEs is presented. Semi-linear (parabolic) SPDEs are represented as first order stochastic transport equations driven by Stratonovich differentials. The time evolution of correlated Brownian motions is shown to be consistent with the depletion phenomena experimentally observed in colloids.
