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Multidimensional Poverty Measurement : Concepts and Applications
Conceptualization and measurement of poverty have traditionally relied on purely economic approaches, with income or consumption as the only indicator. Multidimensional approaches have increasingly been used to understand poverty, but have yet to be fully operationalized. This book uses factor analysis and structural equations modeling to develop a multidimensional framework that integrates capability and social inclusion as additional poverty indicators. The empirical relevance of this methodological contribution is demonstrated through its application in the United States and Nepal. The proposed approach not only helps to identify different categories of the poor, but also to more accurately target resources and policies of poverty alleviation. The book will therefore be an important reference for professionals in development agencies as well as for poverty and policy researchers.
Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods 2006
This book represents the refereed proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing, held in Ulm (Germany) in August 2006. The proceedings include carefully selected papers on many aspects of Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods and their applications, as well as providing information on current research in these very active areas. Besides covering theory, the book is an excellent resource work for practitioners as well.
Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods 2004
The proceedings include many aspects of Monte Carlo methods, quasi-Monte Carlo methods, and the numerical solution of partial differential equations.
Moment Analysis for Subsurface Hydrologic Applications
This book deals with the concept of moments, and how they find application in subsurface hydrologic problems-particularly those dealing with solute transport. This book will be very valuable to researchers who are beginning to learn about moment analysis, and will also be of interest to advanced researchers as well. Both temporal and spatial moments are dealt with in some detail for a wide variety of problems. Several examples using experimental data, both from laboratory columns and field experiments, are provided to give the readers a clear idea about the scope of this method. Apart from conventional uses of moments for solute transport problems, this book contains chapters dealing with use of moments in interval computing, vapour phase transport applications, transfer functions to subsurface tile drains, and construction of breakthrough curves from knowledge of moments.
Modern Trends in Pseudo-Differential Operators
The ISAAC Group in Pseudo-diferential Operators (IGPDO) was formed at the Fourth ISAAC Congress held at York University in Toronto in 2003 and the Frst volume entitled Advances in Pseudo-di?erential Operators and devoted to papers focussing on pseudo-di?erential operators and its diverse applications was then initiated and published in Professor Israel Gohberg’s series Operator Theory: - vances and Applications in 2004.The vision is to seek new directionsfor the broadsubjectonpseudo-diferentialoperatorsand the strategy is to devote the Catania Volume not only to papers based on lectures given at the special session on pseudo-diferential operators, but also invited - pers that bear on the themes of IGPDO.
Modellistica numerica per problemi differenziali = Numerical modeling for differential problems
This text introduces the basic concepts for the numerical modeling of partial differential problems. We consider the classic elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic linear equations, but also other equations, such as those of diffusion and transport, of Navier-Stokes, and the conservation laws, and we provide numerous physical examples underlying these equations. Then we analyze numerical resolution methods based on finite elements, finite differences, finite volumes, spectral methods and domain decomposition methods. In particular, the algorithmic and computer implementation aspects are discussed and various easy-to-use programs are provided.
Modellistica Numerica per Problemi Differenziali = Numerical Modeling for Differential Problems
This text introduces the fundamental concepts for the numerical modeling of partial differential problems. We consider the classic linear elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic equations, but also other equations, such as those of diffusion and transport, of Navier-Stokes, and the conservation laws. Numerous physical examples underlying these equations are provided, their main mathematical properties are studied, then numerical resolution methods based on finite elements, finite differences, finite volumes and spectral methods are proposed and analyzed. In particular, the algorithmic and computer implementation aspects are discussed and some easy-to-use programs in C ++ language are provided. The text does not presuppose an advanced mathematical knowledge of partial differential equations: the strictly indispensable concepts in this regard are reported in the Appendix. The volume is therefore suitable for students of scientific degree courses (Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Information Sciences) and recommended for researchers from the academic and extra-academic world who want to approach this interesting branch of applied mathematics.
Modelling the dispersion of radionuclides in the marine environment : An introduction
This book is a practical guide to the subject of numerical modelling of radioactivity dispersion in the marine environment. Thus, the techniques and numerical procedures required are explained in detail, with the aim of enabling the reader to build a real mathematical model. The book covers basic concepts and techniques, such as solving the advection-diffusion equation in a simple 1D form, as well as the most recent developments (full 3D models for non-conservative radionuclides including chemical reactions and speciation). A chapter is dedicated to the basic hydrodynamic modelling that is always required to simulate the dispersion of tracers in the sea; Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling techniques are also described. A chapter describes sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, the final stage in modelling works. A review on some published radionuclide dispersion models is also included.
Modelli Dinamici Discreti = Discrete Dynamic Models
Discrete mathematical modeling is one of the driving factors in modern mathematics research, and has played a role of synthesis between different disciplines, becoming a tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis in applied sciences. This volume provides an introduction to the analysis of discrete dynamic systems, following a modeling approach. An examination of a wide range of examples, models, and motivations drawn from Biology, Demography, Engineering and Economics, is followed by the presentation of the tools for the study of linear and non-linear scalar dynamical systems, with particular attention to stability analysis. The linear difference equations are studied in detail and an elementary introduction to the Z and DFT transforms is provided. One chapter is devoted to the study of bifurcations and chaotic dynamics. One-step vector dynamical systems and the applications of Markov chains are the subject of three chapters.
Modeling with Itô Stochastic Differential Equations
This modeling procedure is thoroughly explained and illustrated for randomly varying systems in population biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and finance. Introductory chapters present the fundamental concepts of random variables, stochastic processes, stochastic integration, and stochastic differential equations. These concepts are explained in a Hilbert space setting which unifies and simplifies the presentation. Computer programs, given throughout the text, are useful in solving representative stochastic problems. Analytical and computational exercises are provided in each chapter that complement the material in the text.
Modeling Solid Oxide Fuel Cells : Methods, Procedures and Techniques
The volume is structured in two parts. Part one presents the basic theory, and the general equations describing SOFC operation phenomena. Part two deals with the application of the theory to practical examples, where different SOFC geometries, configurations (from single cells to hybrid systems), operating conditions (steady-state and dynamic), and different phenomena (e.g. performance, temperature and chemical species, and mechanical stress distribution) are analyzed in detail.
Modeling of Soft Matter
Soft matter plays a role in a wide variety of important processes and application. For example, gel swelling and dynamics are an essential part of many biological and individual processes, such as motility mechanisms in bacteria and the transport and absorption of drugs. Ferroelectrics, liquid crystals, and elastomers are being used to design ever faster switching devices. Experimental studies, such as scattering, optical and electron microscopy, have provided a great deal of detailed information on structures. But the integration of mathematical modeling and analysis with experimental approaches promises to greatly increase our understanding of structure-property relationships and constitutive equations. The workshop on Modeling of Soft Matter has taken such an integrated approach.
Modeling of metal forming and machining processes : By finite element and soft computing methods
The physics of metal forming and metal removing is normally expressed using non-linear partial differential equations which can be solved using the finite element method (FEM). However, when the process parameters are uncertain and/or the physics of the process is not well understood, soft computing techniques can be used with FEM or alone to model the process.
Modeling of Creep for Structural Analysis
"Creep Modeling for Structural Analysis" develops methods to simulate and analyze the time-dependent changes of stress and strain states in engineering structures up to the critical stage of creep rupture. The principal subjects of creep mechanics are the formulation of constitutive equations for creep in structural materials under multi-axial stress states; the application of structural mechanics models of beams, plates, shells and three-dimensional solids and the utilization of procedures for the solution of non-linear initial-boundary value problems. The objective of this book is to review some of the classical and recently proposed approaches to the modeling of creep for structural analysis applications as well as to extend the collection of available solutions of creep problems by new, more sophisticated examples.
Modeling decisions : Information fusion and aggregation operators
This book covers the underlying science and application issues related to aggregation operators, focusing on tools used in practical applications that involve numerical information. Starting with detailed introductions to information fusion and integration, measurement and probability theory, fuzzy sets, and functional equations.
Modeling biological systems : Principles and applications
This extensively revised second edition of Modeling Biological Systems: Principles and Applications describes the essentials of creating and analyzing mathematical and computer simulation models for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. It offers a comprehensive understanding of the underlying principle, as well as details and equations applicable to a wide variety of biological systems and disciplines. Students will acquire from this text the tools necessary to produce their own models. The text contains two major sections: Principles and Applications. The first section discusses the principles of biological systems with a thorough description of the essential modeling activities of formulation, implementation, validation, and analysis. These activities are illustrated by a set of example models taken from recent and classical literature, chosen for their breadth of coverage and current timeliness. The new edition updates extensively many of these topics, especially quantitative model formulation, validation and model discrimination using information theory measures and Bayesian probability, and stability analysis and non-dimensionalization.
Modeling and Simulation in Scilab
Scilab is a free open-source software package for scientific computation. It includes hundreds of general purpose and specialized functions for numerical computation, organized in libraries called toolboxes, which cover such areas as simulation, optimization, systems and control, and signal processing. One important Scilab toolbox is Scicos. Scicos provides a block diagram graphical editor for the construction and simulation of dynamical systems. The objective of this book is to provide a tutorial for the use of Scilab/Scicos with a special emphasis on modeling and simulation tools. The book is divided into two parts. The first part concerns Scilab and includes a tutorial covering the language features, the data structures and specialized functions for doing graphics, importing, exporting data and interfacing external routines. It also covers in detail Scilab numerical solvers for ordinary differential equations and differential-algebraic equations. Even though the emphasis is placed on modeling and simulation applications, this part provides a global view of Scilab. The second part is dedicated to modeling and simulation of dynamical systems in Scicos. This type of modeling tool is widely used in industry because it provides a means for constructing modular and reusable models. This part contains a detailed description of the editor and its usage, which is illustrated through numerous examples.
mODa 8 - Advances in Model-Oriented Design and Analysis ; Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop in Model-Oriented Design and Analysis held in Almagro, Spain, June 4–8, 2007
The volume contains the proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Model-Oriented Design and Analysis. This book offers leading and pioneering work on optimal experimental designs, both from a mathematical/statistical point of view and with regard to real applications. Scientists from all over the world, from Eastern and Western Europe, the USA, Latin-America, Asia and Africa, have contributed to this volume. Primary topics are designs for nonlinear models and applications to experimental medicine.
Mixed Finite Elements, Compatibility Conditions, and Applications : Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy June 26–July 1, 2006
Since the early 70's, mixed finite elements have been the object of a wide and deep study by the mathematical and engineering communities. The fundamental role of this method for many application fields has been worldwide recognized and its use has been introduced in several commercial codes. An important feature of mixed finite elements is the interplay between theory and application. Discretization spaces for mixed schemes require suitable compatibilities, so that simple minded approximations generally do not work and the design of appropriate stabilizations gives rise to challenging mathematical problems.
Metric Spaces
This volume provides a complete introduction to metric space theory for undergraduates. It covers the topology of metric spaces, continuity, connectedness, compactness and product spaces, and includes results such as the Tietze-Urysohn extension theorem, Picard's theorem on ordinary differential equations, and the set of discontinuities of the pointwise limit of a sequence of continuous functions.
