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Field Arithmetic ; 3rd ed.
Field Arithmetic explores Diophantine fields through their absolute Galois groups. This largely self-contained treatment starts with techniques from algebraic geometry, number theory, and profinite groups. Graduate students can effectively learn generalizations of finite field ideas. We use Haar measure on the absolute Galois group to replace counting arguments. New Chebotarev density variants interpret diophantine properties. Here we have the only complete treatment of Galois stratifications, used by Denef and Loeser, et al, to study Chow motives of Diophantine statements.
Field Arithmetic ; 2nd ed.
Field Arithmetic explores Diophantine fields through their absolute Galois groups. This largely self-contained treatment starts with techniques from algebraic geometry, number theory, and profinite groups. Graduate students can effectively learn generalizations of finite field ideas. We use Haar measure on the absolute Galois group to replace counting arguments. New Chebotarev density variants interpret diophantine properties. Here we have the only complete treatment of Galois stratifications, used by Denef and Loeser, et al, to study Chow motives of Diophantine statements.Now we know they include valuable Galois extensions of the rationals that present its absolute Galois group through known groups. PAC fields have projective absolute Galois group. Those that are Hilbertian are characterized by this group being pro-free. These last decade results are tools for studying fields by their relation to those with projective absolute group. There are still mysterious problems to guide a new generation: Is the solvable closure of the rationals PAC; and do projective Hilbertian fields have pro-free absolute Galois group (includes Shafarevich's conjecture)?
Field and Service Robotics ; Vol. 25 : Results of the 5th International Conference
Field robots are robots which operate in outdoor, complex, and dynamic environments. Service robots are those that work closely with humans, with particular applications involving indoor and structured environments. There are a wide range of topics presented in this issue on field and service robots including: Agricultural and Forestry Robotics, Mining and Exploration Robots, Robots for Construction, Security & Defence Robots, Cleaning Robots, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles and Autonomous Flying Robots.
Field and service robotics : Results of the 6th international conference
This book presents the results of the sixth edition of Field and Service Robotics, FSR07, held in Chamonix, France, on 9th - 12th July 2007. The conference provided a forum for researchers, professionals and robot manufacturers to exchange up-to-date technical knowledge and experience. This book offers a collection of a broad range of topics including: Underwater Robots and Systems, Autonomous Navigation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, Climbing Robotics, Sensor Fusion.
Fiber-based Dispersion Compensation
Dispersion management is a critical design criterion that characterizes the performance of an optical network, and has impacted almost every aspect of the physical layer of an optical transmission line. The past 10 years have seen an explosion in the variety of device effects exploited to obtain optimal performance from dispersion compensators, and this is the first book that deals exclusively with this technology.
Fiber Concrete : In Construction
Helps the user to correctly use fiber-reinforced concrete as a building material in accordance with its properties in order to create a long-lasting building for the client at low cost. Fiber-reinforced concrete as an extension of concrete offers considerable advantages for building practice, which, based on the material properties, enable a very long service life.Fiber-reinforced concrete is particularly suitable for an aggressive environment such as salt exposure, since corrosion can be completely avoided. Particular attention is also paid to the shrinkage cracks that occur in the concrete and how they can be and how these can be avoided when using fibers.
Feyerabend’s Epistemological Anarchism : How Science Works and its Importance for Science Education
argues that the traditional image of Feyerabend is erroneous and that, contrary to common belief, he was a great admirer of science. It shows how Feyerabend presented a vision of science that represented how science really works. Besides giving a theoretical framework based on Feyerabend´s philosophy of science, offers criteria that can help readers to evaluate and understand research reported in important international science education journals, with respect to Feyerabend’s epistemological anarchism. includes an evaluation of general chemistry and physics textbooks.
Ferroptosis : Methods and protocols
A comprehensive collection of experimental protocols for investigating ferroptosis in different systems, including cultured cells, animal models, and human tissues. The techniques covered in this book look at various aspects of ferroptosis ranging from the detection of lipid peroxidation to the measurement of glutathione peroxidase activity and the evaluation of mitochondrial morphology. Chapters also discuss basic molecular biology methods such as quantitative PCR and immunoblotting, and advanced imaging techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Ferroelectric Thin Films : Basic Properties and Device Physics for Memory Applications
Ferroelectric thin films continue to attract much attention due to their developing, diverse applications in memory devices, FeRAM, infrared sensors, piezoelectric sensors and actuators. This book, aimed at students, researchers and developers, gives detailed information about the basic properties of these materials and the associated device physics. All authors are acknowledged experts in the field.
Femtosecond optical frequency comb : Principle, operation and applications
This book provides an introductory description of mode-locked lasers, the connection between time and frequency descriptions of their output and the physical origins of the electric field dynamics, together with an overview of applications of femtosecond comb technology. Individual chapters go into more detail on mode-locked laser development, spectral broadening in microstructure fiber, optical parametric amplification, optical frequency metrology, optical atomic clocks, ultrasensitive sensors, carrier-envelope phase dynamics, high field ionization of atoms and generation of attosecond high-harmonic radiation. To provide readers with the most recent, direct, and comprehensive information, the chapters are written by the international researchers who have led the development of this field. This book provides an introduction to those new to the field and is at the same time a resource for experts.
Femtosecond laser spectroscopy
As concepts and methodologies have evolved over the past two decades, the realm of ultrafast science has become vast and exciting and has impacted many areas of chemistry, biology and physics, and other fields such as materials science, electrical engineering, and optical communication. The field has recently exploded with the announcement of a series of remarkable new developments and advances. This volume surveys this recent growth in eleven chapters written by leading international researchers in the field. It includes sections on femtosecond optical frequency combs, soft x-ray femtosecond laser sources, and attosecond laser sources. In addition, the contributors address real-time spectroscopy of molecular vibrations with sub-5-fs pulses and multidimensional femtosecond coherent spectroscopies for studying molecular and electron dynamics. Novel methods for measuring and characterizing ultrashort laser pulses and ultrashort pulses of light are also described. The topics covered are revolutionizing the fields of biomedical imaging, electron dynamics, ultrahigh precision spectroscopy, and optical frequency metrology. Surveying the latest advances in ultrafast lasers, Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students.
Femtosecond laser pulses : Principles and experiments
This is the second edition of this advanced textbook written for scientists who require further training in femtosecond science. Four years after pub- cation of the ?rst edition, femtosecond science has overcome new challenges and new application ?elds have become mature. It is necessary to take into account these new developments. Two main topics merged during this period that support important scienti?c activities: attosecond pulses are now gen- ated in the X-UV spectral domain, and coherent control of chemical events is now possible by tailoring the shape of femtosecond pulses. To update this advanced textbook, it was necessary to introduce these ?elds; two new ch- ters are in this second edition: “Coherent Control in Atoms, Molecules, and Solids”(Chap.11)and“AttosecondPulses”(Chap.12)withwell-documented references. Some changes, addenda, and new references are introduced in the ?rst edition’s ten original chapters to take into account new developments and updatethisadvancedtextbookwhichistheresultofascienti?cadventurethat started in 1991. At that time, the French Ministry of Education decided that, in view of the growing importance of ultrashort laser pulses for the national scienti?c community, a Femtosecond Centre should be created in France and devoted to the further education of scientists who use femtosecond pulses as a research tool and who are not specialists in lasers or even in optics.
Feminist Methodologies : Experiments, Collaborations and Reflections
This book gives insights into feminist methodologies in theory and practice. By foregrounding the experiential and embodied nature of doing feminist research, this book offers valuable tools for feminist research as a continuous praxis. Emerging from a rich collective learning process, the collection offers in-depth reflections on how feminists shape research questions, understand positionality, share research results beyond academe and produce feminist intersectional knowledges.
Feminist and LGBTI+ activism across Russia, Scandinavia and Turkey : Transnationalizing spaces of resistance
What do struggles for women’s and LGBTI+ rights in Russia, Turkey and the Scandinavian countries have in common? And what can actors who struggle for rights and justice in these contexts learn from each other? Based on a multisited ethnography of feminist and LGBTI+ activisms across Russia, Turkey and the Scandinavian countries, this Open Access book explores transnational struggles on various levels, from the micro-scale of the everyday to large-scale, spectacular events. Drawing on ethnographic insights and encounters from various sites, this book conceptualizes resistance as situated in the grey zone between barely perceptible, even hidden or covert, forms of mundane activist practices and highly visible street protests, gathering large crowds. Taking the reader beyond the dichotomies of visible/invisible and public/private, this book advances new understandings of resistance, solidarity, and activism in transnationalizing feminist and queer struggles, illustrated by rich ethnographic case studies from Russia, Scandinavia and Turkey.
Female Urology : A Practical Clinical Guide
A Practical Clinical Guide offers a hands-on reference for the management of challenging disorders of the female lower urinary tract. This volume features scenario presentations in which a patient presentation is described and followed by two experts in the field reviewing work-up and management of the problem. The volume is divided into three, easy-to-follow sections. The first section, Evaluation, details the anatomy of pelvic support, the lower urinary tract, incontinency, and overactive bladders. The second section, Treatment, outlines treatments for stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, prolapse, and reconstruction. The third section includes case studies from various locales around the country, illustrating the proper techniques for the evaluation and treatment of problems relating to female urology.
Feasibility studies : An architect's guide
Details the benefits of a feasibility study. Once you’ve secured the commission, how do you ensure you’re following current best practice? Aimed at architects, it identifies the pitfalls involved in undertaking a feasibility study and explains how to set boundaries, organise the process and manage clients’ aspirations. By featuring recent live projects, alongside advice from successful architectural practices, it illustrates how a feasibility study can help achieve positive outcomes and avoid the dangers of a poorly defined brief and service proposal. Presenting the client’s, as well as the architect’s, perspective, this publication highlights why a feasibility study is a sensible way of establishing viability prior to committing to a full-service commission. It underlines the significance of ‘adding value’ as an architect.
Feasibility and Infeasibility in Optimization : Algorithms and Computational Methods
Feasibility and Infeasibility in Optimization is a timely expository book that summarizes the state of the art in both classical and recent algorithms related to feasibility and infeasibility in optimization, with a focus on practical methods. All model forms are covered, including linear, nonlinear, and mixed-integer programs. Connections to related work in constraint programming are shown. Part I of the book addresses algorithms for seeking feasibility quickly, including new methods for the difficult cases of nonlinear and mixed-integer programs. Part II provides algorithms for analyzing infeasibility by isolating minimal infeasible (or maximum feasible) subsets of constraints, or by finding the best repair for the infeasibility. Infeasibility analysis algorithms have arisen primarily over the last two decades, and the book covers these in depth and detail. Part III describes applications in numerous areas outside of direct infeasibility analysis such as finding decision trees for data classification, analyzing protein folding, radiation treatment planning, automated test assembly, etc.
Fault-Diagnosis Systems : An Introduction from Fault Detection to Fault Tolerance
This book gives an introduction into the field of fault detection, fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant systems with methods which have proven their performance in practical applications. It guides the reader in a structured tutorial style: supervision methods, reliability, safety, system integrity and related terminology; fault detection with signal-based methods for periodic and stochastic signals; fault detection with process model-based methods like parameter estimation, state estimation, parity equations and principal component analysis; fault diagnosis with classification and inference methods; fault-tolerant systems with hardware and analytical redundancy; many practical simulation examples and experimental results for processes like electrical motors, pumps, actuators, sensors and automotive components; end-of-chapter exercises for self testing or for practice.
Fatigue Science for Human Health
Fatigue is quite a familiar sensation, one that everyone is likely to have experienced. Its molecular and neural mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, however, probably because of the complicated nature of its causes. To provide a broad forum for discussion, the International Conference on Fatigue Science was organized, the first being held in 2002 in Sandhamn, Sweden, and the second in 2005 in Karuizawa, Japan. Subsequently it was decided that the papers presented at the two conferences should be collected and incorporated in this pioneering work, Fatigue Science for Human Health. The book summarizes fatigue researchers' achievements, explains the status of the research on fatigue, and presents perspectives on remedies for chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. The result is an authoritative guide to recent progress in the molecular and neural mechanisms of fatigue and in the development of the ways to prevent and overcome fatigue and chronic fatigue.
Fasting and Immunity
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar and is observed by Muslims as a month of fasting. All Muslim adults are expected to fast; nevertheless, certain subgroups, including sick, frail subjects, and pregnant women, among others, are exempted. Ramadan fasting has been shown to impact on body systems in different manners. The influence of Ramadan fasting on immune system regulation remains elusive; however, immune system changes, such as the modulation of body response to various infectious, stressful, and other harmful events, are of great interest during fasting.
