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Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Simulation
This book presents both the art and science behind pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling. Using a building-block approach, the author starts from linear and nonlinear models at the individual level and proceeds to develop more complex linear and nonlinear mixed effects models at the population level, with particular emphasis on showing the interrelationships between the various model types. The theory behind the methods are illustrated using real data drawn from the literature and from the author’s own experiences in drug development. Data are analyzed using a variety of software, including SAS, WinNonlin, SAAM II, and NONMEM. A key component of the book is to show how models are accepted and rejected, ultimately leading to a useful and informative model that can be utilized using computer simulation to answer "what-if" questions.
Pharmaceutical dissolution testing, bioavailability, and bioequivalence : Science, applications, and beyond
Delivers a comprehensive and up-to-date reference covering the established and emerging roles of dissolution testing in pharmaceutical drug development. After discussing the fundamentals of the subject, the included resources go on to explore common testing practices and methods, along with their associated challenges and issues, in the drug development life cycle. A thorough introduction to the fundamentals and essential applications of pharmaceutical dissolution testing. Comprehensive explorations of the foundations and drug development applications of bioavailability and bioequivalence. Practical discussions about solubility, dissolution, permeability, and classification systems in drug development. In-depth examinations of the mechanics of dissolution, including mathematical models and simulations. An elaborate assessment of biophysiologically relevant dissolution testing and IVIVCs, and their unique applications. A complete understanding of the methods, requirements, and global regulatory expectations pertaining to dissolution testing of generic drug products
Perspectives in Operations Research : Papers in Honor of Saul Gass' 80th Birthday
The book is an edited volume from leading research scholars in the field of Operations Research, focusing on future perspectives in OR. Each of the contributors offers their perspective looking forward to the further development of the field. The theme will provide pivotal interest in the book because of prominence of the contributors and Saul Gass' position as one of the founders of OR and his involvement in writing about the history of OR. The history of operations research is of considerable interest and this book takes a pivotal perspective of OR's history by examining current trends and the future of the field.
Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine : Educational Issues 2005
Continuing medical education and specialty training procedures represent highly dynamical processes, with a continuously evolving content. The specific teaching methods available (micro-teaching, team teaching, mastery learning, simulation, and e-learning) are essential elements of this process to promote professional updating and teaching at the bedside, aimed at providing an excellent clinical practice.
Performance Evaluation : Metrics, Models and Benchmarks ; SPEC International Performance Evaluation Workshop, SIPEW 2008, Darmstadt, Germany, June 27-28, 2008. Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the SPEC International Performance Evaluation Workshop, SIPEW 2008, held in Darmstadt, Germany, in June 2008.The 17 revised full papers presented together with 3 keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected out of 39 submissions for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on models for software performance engineering; benchmarks and workload characterization; Web services and service-oriented architectures; power and performance; and profiling, monitoring and optimization.
Performance Analysis of Network Architectures
Parallel and distributed computer systems are built to close the gap between the demand for high-performance computing and the computing power available using standalone single-processor machines. Traffic in networks connecting such systems is typically characterized by its distribution in time and space. Three approaches can be applied to determine the related network performance: measurement, simulation, and mathematical methods.
Perception and Interactive Technologies; International Tutorial and Research Workshop, Kloster Irsee, PIT 2006, Germany, June 19-21, 2006
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Tutorial and Research Workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies, PIT 2006, held at Kloster Irsee, Germany in June 2006. The 16 revised full papers presented together with 4 revised poster papers and 6 system demonstration papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on head pose and eye gaze tracking, modeling and simulation of perception, integrating information from multiple channels, visual and auditory display driven by perceptive principles, spoken dialogue systems, multimodal and situated dialogue systems, and integration of perceptive technologies and animation.
Pension Systems, Demographic Change, and the Stock Market
Studies the implications of the looming demographic transition on pension systems, the stock market and individual welfare. … Readers with an interest in the economic consequences of the looming demographic transition for pension systems and the stock market will find this book very interesting even if they are not doing active research in this area. … The book is a worthy contribution to the literature on pensions and demographic transitions.
PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers : Fundamentals and Applications
PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers covers all of the fundamental aspects and applications of this field. The opening chapters introduce the essential topics on electrochemical theory and fuel cell catalysis, including: electrode thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transfer; electrode/electrolyte interface electrocatalysis; electrocatalytic reactions, PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers provides a comprehensive, in-depth survey of PEM fuel cell electrocatalysts and catalyst layers, presented by internationally renowned fuel cell scientists. Researchers and engineers in the fuel cell industry will find this book a valuable resource, as will students of electrochemical engineering and catalyst synthesis.
PEACH - Intelligent Interfaces for Museum Visits
PEACH, is a large, interdisciplinary development project that explores the use of novel technologies for physical museum visits. Led by teams from ITC-irst, Trento and DFKI, Saarbrücken, the research is at the forefront of work on intelligent user interfaces, but also covers other areas of artificial intelligence, microsystems and human-computer interaction.
Pattern Recognition, Tracking and Vertex Reconstruction in Particle Detectors
A comprehensive review of the methods and algorithms that are used in the reconstruction of events recorded by past, running and planned experiments at particle accelerators such as the LHC, SuperKEKB and FAIR.
Patient Flow : Reducing Delay in Healthcare Delivery
Patient Flow: Reducing Delay in Healthcare Delivery is dedicated to improving healthcare through reducing the delays experienced by patients. One aspect of this goal is to improve the flow of patients, so that they do not experience unnecessary waits as they flow through a healthcare system. Another aspect is ensuring that services are closely synchronized with patterns of patient demand. Still another aspect is ensuring that ancillary services, such as housekeeping and transportation, are fully coordinate with direct patient care. It is the first book treatment to have reduction in patient delay as its sole focus, and therefore, provides the foundation by which hospitals can implement change. Reflecting the highly interdisciplinary and practitioner nature of this book, the chapters have been written by doctors, nurses, industrial engineers, system engineers and geographers, and thus, these perspectives provide the comprehensive view needed to address the problem of patient delay.
Partner Choice and Cooperation in Networks : Theory and Experimental Evidence
Cooperation is beneficial but may be hard to achieve in situations where the selfish interests of individuals conflict with their common goal, such as in sharing of goods, help, knowledge or information, in trade and pollution negotiations, and in exploitation of common resources. The standard models of such "social dilemmas" assume that the individuals are obliged to participate in the dilemma. These models fail to capture an important element of human interaction: that people are in general free to select their interaction partners. In this book a social dilemma with partner selection is introduced and studied with the methods of formal game theory, experimental economics and computer simulations. It allows exploration of simultaneous dynamics of the network structure and cooperative behavior on this structure. The results of this study show that partner choice strongly facilitates cooperation and leads to networks where free-riders are likely to be excluded.
Particle-Laden Flow : From Geophysical to Kolmogorov Scales
This book contains a selection of the papers that were presented at the EUROMECH colloquium on particle-laden flow held at the University of Twente in 2006. The multiscale nature of this challenging field motivated the calling of the colloquium and reflects the central importance that the dispersion of particles in a flow has in various geophysical and environmental problems. The spreading of aerosols and soot in the air, the growth and dispersion of plankton blooms in seas and oceans, or the transport of sediment in rivers, estuaries and coastal regions are striking examples.
Particle Image Velocimetry : New Developments and Recent Applications
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a non-intrusive optical measurement technique which allows capturing several thousand velocity vectors within large flow fields instantaneously. Today, the PIV technique has spread widely and differentiated into many distinct applications, from micro flows over combustion to supersonic flows for both industrial needs and research. Over the past decade the measurement technique and the hard- and software have been improved continuously so that PIV has become a reliable and accurate method for "real life" investigations. Nevertheless there is still an ongoing process of improvements and extensions of the PIV technique towards 3D, time resolution, higher accuracy, measurements under harsh conditions and micro- and macroscales. This book gives a synopsis of the main results achieved during the EC-funded network PivNet 2 as well as a survey of the state-of-the-art of scientific research using PIV techniques in different fields of application.
Partial Differential Equations : Modeling and Numerical Simulation
For more than 250 years partial differential equations have been clearly the most important tool available to mankind in order to understand a large variety of phenomena, natural at first and then those originating from human activity and technological development. Mechanics, physics and their engineering applications were the first to benefit from the impact of partial differential equations on modeling and design, but a little less than a century ago the Schrödinger equation was the key opening the door to the application of partial differential equations to quantum chemistry, for small atomic and molecular systems at first, but then for systems of fast growing complexity.
Parametric design for landscape architects : computational techniques and workflows
Provides a sequence of tutorial-based workflows for the creation and utilization of algorithmic tools calibrated towards the field of landscape architecture. Contemporary practice and projective theory in landscape architecture requires the processing and design of data associated with complex systems to adequately represent composite, emergent scenarios. Aligning to both traditional and nascent processes of analysis and digital modeling, this book unpacks and decodes the characterization of algorithmic-based automation, leveraging software that is widely accessible in both academia and professional practice. Curated throughout are workflows that apply to a multiplex of computation programs that widely support the design, analysis, and production of landscapes, primarily concentrated on digital modeling tools Grasshopper and Rhinoceros. It is a much-needed, visually accessible, resource to aid in more efficient understanding and creation of tools that automate and re-examine traditional calculations, analyses, drawing standards, form-finding strategies, fabrication preparations, and speculative assessments/simulation.
Parallel Computing Technologies ; 8th International Conference, PaCT 2005, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, September 5-9, 2005, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Parallel Computing Technologies, PaCT 2005, held in Krasnoyarsk, Russia in September 2005. The 38 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 78 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on theory, fine-grain parallelism, software, tools, and applications. A broad variety of parallel processing issues and distributed computing in general are addressed as well.
Parallel and Distributed Logic Programming : Towards the Design of a Framework for the Next Generation Database Machines
Povides a clear introduction to parallel and distributed approach to logic programming. It examines the existing models of distributed logic programming, analyses the pros and cons of these models, and proposes an alternative framework for distributed logic programming using extended Petri nets. The book attempts to explore the scope of Petri net models in designing deductive database machines of the next generation.
Parallel Algorithms and Cluster Computing ; Implementations, Algorithms and Applications
Presents major advances in high performance computing as well as major advances due to high performance computing. It contains a collection of papers in which results achieved in the collaboration of scientists from computer science, mathematics, physics, and mechanical engineering are presented. From the science problems to the mathematical algorithms and on to the effective implementation of these algorithms on massively parallel and cluster computers we present state-of-the-art methods and technology as well as exemplary results in these fields. This book shows that problems which seem superficially distinct become intimately connected on a computational level.
