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OZONE : A New Medical Drug
Clarifies that, in the often nebulous field of natural medicine, the biological bases of ozone therapy are totally in line with classic biochemical, physiological and pharmacological knowledge. Ozone is an oxidising molecule, a sort of superactive oxygen, which, by reacting with blood components, generates a number of chemical messengers responsible for activating crucial biological functions such as oxygen delivery, immune activation, release of hormones and induction of antioxidant enzymes, which is an exceptional property for correcting the chronic oxidative stress present in atherosclerosis, diabetes, infections and cancer. Moreover ozone therapy, by inducing nitric oxide synthase, may mobilize endogenous stem cells, which will promote regeneration of ischaemic tissues. The description of these phenomena offers the first comprehensive picture for understanding how ozone works and why, when properly used as a real drug within the therapeutic range, not only does not procure adverse effects but yields a feeling of wellness. Half of the book describes the value of ozone therapy in several diseases, particularly cutaneous infections and vascular diseases where ozone really behaves as a "wonder" drug.
Organic Nanostructures for Next Generation Devices
This book provides the first comprehensive overview of fabrication, fundamental properties and applications of a new class of nanoscaled organic materials which holds huge promise for future submicron-sized photonics and optoelectronics. By controlled self-assembled growth on single crystal surfaces, fiber-like structures are fabricated with macroscopic lengths up to millimeter size but mesoscopic widths of mere hundreds of nanometers and nanoscopic heights of several ten nanometers. The extraordinary beauty of these new structures is that they are quasi single crystalline, providing superior optical and electronic properties, and that their properties can be freely tailored via functionalization of their organic building blocks.
Optimization-Based Energy Management for Multi-energy Maritime Grids
This book discusses the energy management for the multi-energy maritime grid, which is the local energy network installed in harbors, ports, ships, ferries, or vessels. The grid consists of generation, storage, and critical loads.
Optimal Control of Wind Energy Systems : Towards a Global Approach
Presents a thoroughgoing review of the main control issues in wind power generation, offering a unified picture of the issues in optimal control of wind power generation. A series of optimal control techniques are analyzed, assessed and compared, starting with the classical ones, like PI control, maximum power point strategies and gain-scheduling techniques, and continuing with some modern ones: sliding-mode techniques, feedback linearization control and robust control. Discussion is focused on a global dynamic optimization approach to wind power systems using a set of optimization criteria which comply with a comprehensive group of requirements including: energy conversion efficiency; mechanical reliability; and quality of the energy provided.
Optics in Astrophysics ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Optics in Astrophysics, Cargèse, France from 16 to 28 September 2002
Addresses most of the most critical interdisciplinary domains where they interact, or where they will do. A first need is to collect more light, i.e. telescopes still larger than the current 8-10 meter class ones. Decametric, and even hectometric, optical (from UV to IR wavelengths) telescopes are being studied. Whereas up to now the light collecting surface of new telescopes was approximately 4 times that of the previous generation, now this factor is growing to 10 to 100. This quantum leap urges to implement new methods or technologies developed in the optics community, both in academic labs and in the industry. Given the astrophysical goals and technological constraints, new generation adaptive optics with a huge number of actuators and laser guide stars devices have to be developed, from theoretical bases to experimental works.
Optical signal processing technologies for communication, computing, and sensing applications
Optical technology is one of the key technologies that have been widely used for communication, computing and sensing. By utilizing different degrees of freedom for photon, optical signals can be detected and processed in different dimensions including amplitude, phase, polarization, time, frequency, and spatial mode. Multidimensional signal processing technologies have thus been broadly studied for improving the performance of communication, sensing and even computing systems. Recently, innovative optical signal processing methods and devices have been emerged to serve those needs driven by applications including but not limited to optical fiber transmission, supercontinuum generation, phase conjugation, free space optical communication, optical beamforming, photonic integration, fiber amplification, pose estimation and so on.
Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals
This is the first comprehensive textbook on the optical properties of photonic crystals. It deals not only with the properties of the radiation modes inside the crystals but also with their peculiar optical response to external fields. A general theory of linear and nonlinear optical response is developed in a clear and detailed fashion using the Green's function method. The symmetry of the eigenmodes is treated systematically using group theory to show how it affects the optical properties of photonic crystals. Important recent developments such as the enhancement of stimulated emission, second harmonic generation, quadrature-phase squeezing, and low-threshold lasing are also treated in detail and made understandable. Numerical methods are also emphasized. Thus this book provides both an introduction for graduate and undergraduate students and also key information for researchers in this field. This second edition has been updated and includes a new chapter on superfluorescence.
Optical Coherence Tomography : Technology and Applications
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the optical analog of ultrasound imaging and is emerging as a powerful imaging technique that enables non-invasive, in vivo, high resolution, cross-sectional imaging in biological tissue. A new generation OCT technology has now been developed, representing a quantum leap in resolution and speed, achieving in vivo optical biopsy, i.e. the visualization of tissue architectural morphology in situ and in real time. Functional extensions of OCT technology enable non-invasive, depth resolved functional assessment and imaging of tissue. These new techniques should not only improve image contrast, but should also enable the differentiation of pathologies via metabolic properties or functional state. The book introduces OCT technology and applications not only from an optical and technological viewpoint, but also from biomedical and clinical perspectives.
Opportunities and Challenges of the Therapies Targeting CNS Regeneration
The therapeutic options for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative and traumatic diseases such as spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, etc. have experienced enormous progress over recent years. Despite these encouraging developments, available therapies are only partially effective, and the ultimate goal is still far from being attained. Improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and demyelination has led to a variety of new therapeutic targets and approaches. In addition to modulation of the inflammatory process (MS) and classical neuroprotection (stroke, AD), therapeutic approaches focusing on active remyelinization and neuronal regeneration have become increasingly important. Based on current concepts, this book summarizes new therapeutic approaches.
Ophthalmologic Drug Guide
Ophthalmology has long been considered a surgical area because so many disorders/diseases are treated surgically rather than medically. In the past ten years, however, there have been considerable therapeutic breakthroughs in non-surgical treatments. For instance, anti-glaucoma agents have becoming increasingly effective. This edition will include a new chapter for retinal disease. There are now several pharmaceutical agents being used to treat these diseases. Specifically, age-related macular degeneration has many new products – macugen, lucentis, etc. – and intraocular infections are primarily treated with intravitreal medications. Additionally, the anti-allergy and dry eye markets have grown tremendously in the last 2-3 years (endura, restasis, xibrom, etc).
Operations research : A model-based approach
The main emphasis of the book is on modelling business-related scenarios and the generation of decision alternatives. Fully solved examples from many areas are used to illustrate the main concepts without getting bogged down in technical details. The book presents an approach to operations research that is heavily based on modelling and makes extensive use of sensitivity analyses.
Ocular Angiogenesis : Diseases, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics
Highlights include illuminating chapters on gene therapy and novel drug delivery systems and excellent summaries of the newest therapeutic approaches. Comprehensive and multidisciplinary, Ocular Angiogenesis: Diseases, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics offers a novel view of the clinical features of pathological angiogenesis in the eye, the molecular and environmental switches that govern vessel growth, and the tremendous opportunities for and progress made in the development of new therapeutics.
Ocean Waves Breaking and Marine Aerosol Fluxes
This book presents a comprehensive study on the breaking of surface waves induced by wind and the relationship of breaking rate with marine aerosol fluxes. The book draws attention to the theoretical and experimental achievements in the study of wave breaking phenomena in deep water seas. In particular, it deals with the important problems of energy dissipation and the estimation of energy loss due to wave breaking in deep waters. The rationale behind existing methods and practical outcomes for the estimation of whitecap coverage of the sea surface and energy dissipation rate are given in detail.The book also focuses on the fundamentals of marine aerosols and their generation. The text provides a comprehensive overview of the currently available experimental data on marine aerosol fluxes and presents theoretical methodology of the estimation of the intensity of sea aerosol production. The systematic analysis leads to a novel approach in the development of links between aerosol production with sea state parameters and its seasonal variation in deep water seas.
Object-Based Image Analysis : Spatial Concepts for Knowledge-Driven Remote Sensing Applications
This book discusses means, technologies and approaches related to the processing and analysis of multi-sensor, multi-resolution data with a focus on the generation, modelling and classification of objects. The applications also address the integration of Geographic Information and the concurrent developments of GIScience and vanquish limitations of pixelwise image processing by exploiting image information context-driven and "intelligently".
Nuclear Energy : Principles, Practices, and Prospects
The world faces serious difficulties in obtaining the energy that will be needed in coming decades for a growing population, especially given the problem of climate change caused by fossil fuel use. This book presents a view of nuclear energy as an important carbon-free energy option. It discusses the nuclear fuel cycle, the types of reactors used today and proposed for the future, nuclear waste disposal, reactor accidents and reactor safety, nuclear weapon proliferation, and the cost of electric power. To provide background for these discussions, the book begins with chapters on the history of the development and use of nuclear energy, the health effects of ionizing radiation, and the basic physics principles of reactor operation. The text has been rewritten and substantially expanded for this edition, to reflect changes that have taken place in the eight years since the publication of the first edition and to provide greater coverage of key topics. These include the Yucca Mountain repository plans, designs for next-generation reactors, weapons proliferation and terrorism threats, the potential of alternatives to nuclear energy, and controversies about low-level radiation.
Non-metallic biomaterials for tooth repair and replacement
Focuses on the use of biomaterials for a range of applications in tooth repair and, in particular, dental restoration. Part one reviews the structure, modification and repair of dental tissues. The properties of enamel and dentin and their role in adhesive dental restoration are discussed, along with biomineralization and biomimicry of tooth enamel, and enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) for periodontal regeneration. Part two goes on to discuss the processing, bonding and wear properties of dental ceramics, glasses and sol-gel derived bioactive glass ceramics for tooth repair and replacement. Dental composites for tooth repair and replacement are then the focus of part three, including composite adhesive and antibacterial restorative materials for dental applications. T
Nonlinear Optical Crystals : A Complete Survey
Nonlinear optical crystals are widely used in modern optical science and technology for frequency conversion of laser light, i.e. to generate laser radiation at any specific wavelength in visible, UV or IR spectral regions. This unrivalled reference book contains the most complete and up-to-date information on properties of nonlinear optical crystals. It includes: * Database of 63 common and novel nonlinear optical crystals * Periodically-poled and self-frequency-doubling materials * Full description of linear and nonlinear optical properties * Significant amount of crystallophysical, thermophysical, spectroscopic, electro-optic and magneto-optic information * 7 mini-reviews on novel applications, such as deep-UV light generation, terahertz-wave generation, ultrashort laser pulse compression, photonic band-gap crystals, x3 nonlinearity, etc. * More than 1500 different references with full titles It is a vital source of information for scientists and engineers dealing with modern applications of nonlinear optical crystals in quantum electronics, photonics, optoelectronics and laser physics.
Next-Generation FTTH Passive Optical Networks : Research Towards Unlimited Bandwidth Access
Dense FTTH Passive Optical Networks (PONs) is a cost efficient way to build fibre access, and international standards (G/E-PON) have been already launched, leading to new set of telecom products for mass deployment. However, these systems only make use of less than 1% of the optical bandwidth; thus, relevant research is taking place to maximize the capacity of these systems, with the latest opto-electronic technologies, demonstrating that the huge bandwidth available through the fibre access can be exploited in a cost efficient and reliable manner.
Next Generation Transport Networks : Data, Management, and Control Planes
Next Generation Transport Networks: Data, Management, and Control Planes provides a tutorial and reference information for next generation telecommunication network technologies. This insightful and accessible overview includes key technologies that comprise the backbone of the networking infrastructure.
Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking ; 8th International Conference, NEW2AN and 1st Russian Conference on Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2008 St. Petersburg, Russia, September 3-5, 2008. Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, NEW2AN 2008, held in St. Petersburg, Russia in September 3-5, 2008 in conjunction with the First ruSMART 2008.The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 60 submissions. The NEW2AN papers are organized in topical sections on wireless networks, multi-hop wireless networks, cross-layer design, teletraffic theory, multimedia communications, heterogeneous networks, network security. The ruSMART papers start with three keynote talks followed by seven articles on Smart Spaces.
