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Land Use and Soil Resources
Land-use change is one of the main drivers of many environmental change processes. It influences the basic resources of land use, including the soil. Its impact on soil often occurs so creepingly that land managers hardly contemplate initiating ameliorative or counterbalance measures. Poor land management has degraded vast amounts of land, reduced our ability to produce enough food, and is a major threat to rural livelihoods in many developing countries. To date, there has been no single unifying volume that addresses the multifaceted impacts of land use on soils. This book has responded to this challenge by bringing together renowned academics and policy experts to analyze the patterns, driving factors and proximate causes, and the socioeconomic impacts of soil degradation. Policy measures to prevent irreversible degradation and rehabilitate degraded soils are also identified.
Lake Taihu, China : Dynamics and Environmental Change
There are many shallow lakes in the world. Many of them play an important socio-economic role as contributors to the drinking water supply, in flood attenuation, fisheries and recreation activities. Because of the current anthropogenic changes in the environment, such lakes rapidly respond to eutrophication and swamping. It is often hard to address these issues because many changes in the ecosystems of shallow lakes are associated with little studied physical processes. This interaction between the aquatic biota and the physical and chemical environment increases the complexity of shallow lake ecosystems. Lake Taihu, located in the delta of Yangtze River, is a typical large, shallow eutrophic lake with area of 2338 km2 and maximum depth of less than 3m . This book provides basic data on various aspects of this lake and summarizes research work on the interaction between its ecology and physical limnology. It will be a reference for teachers and students of freshwater ecology and biology, the aquatic environment in general, and, most strikingly, for all those interested in physical limnology.
Lagrangian Probability Distributions
Lagrangian expansions can be used to obtain numerous useful probability models, which have been applied to real life situations including, but not limited to: branching processes, queuing processes, stochastic processes, environmental toxicology, diffusion of information, ecology, strikes in industries, sales of new products, and production targets for optimum profits. This book presents a comprehensive, systematic treatment of the class of Lagrangian probability distributions, along with some of its families, their properties, and important applications.
Knowledge management : Systems and processes in the AI era
Aimed at students and managers who seek detailed insights into contemporary knowledge management (KM). It explains the concepts, theories, and technologies that provide the foundation for knowledge management; the systems and structures that constitute KM solutions; and the processes for developing, deploying, and evaluating these KM solutions. It serves as a complete introduction to the subject of knowledge management, incorporating technical and social aspects, as well as concepts, practical examples, traditional KM approaches, and emerging topics. This third edition has been revised and expanded to include more coverage of emergent trends such as cloud computing, online communities, crowdsourcing and artificial intelligence.
Knowledge graphs and big data processing
This book is part of the LAMBDA Project (Learning, Applying, Multiplying Big Data Analytics), funded by the European Union, GA No. 809965. Data Analytics involves applying algorithmic processes to derive insights.
Knowledge Discovery in Inductive Databases ; Vol.3933 ; 4th International Workshop, KDID 2005, Porto, Portugal, October 3, 2005, Revised Selected and Invited Papers
The 4th International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Inductive Databases (KDID 2005) was held in Porto, Portugal, on October 3, 2005 in conjunction with the 16th European Conference on Machine Learning and the 9th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Ever since the start of the ?eld of data mining, it has been realized that the integration of the database technology into knowledge discovery processes was a crucial issue. This vision has been formalized into the inductive database perspective introduced by T. Imielinski and H. Mannila (CACM 1996, 39(11)). The main idea is to consider knowledge discovery as an extended querying p- cess for which relevant query languages are to be speci?ed.
Kinship and Demographic Behavior in the Past
This book examines the role of kinship and the family’s influence on the health outcomes of their children, their children’s selection of marriage partners, couples having higher order births or reduced fertility, individual migration and origins of populations. Mortality patterns are examined to determine the influence of fertility patterns on parents’ mortality, the contribution of parents’ longevity to their children’s lifespan, and the whether a family history of disease affects the risk of dying from that same disease.This volume emphasizes the importance of studies that include and compare other factors related to social organization with information on multi-generational families. The authors elucidate previous explanations and provide provocative new results. Such intergenerational research is crucial in understanding long term demographic trends and processes.
Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction
Systems at the surface of the Earth are continually responding to energy inputs derived from solar radiation or from the radiogenic heat in the interior. These energy inputs drive plate movements and erosion, exposing metastable mineral phases at the Earth’s surface. In addition, these energy fluxes are harvested and transformed by living organisms. As long as these processes persist, chemical disequilibrium at the Earth’s surface will be perpetuated. Chemical disequilibrium is also driven by human activities related to production of food, extraction of water and energy resources, and burial of wastes. To understand how the surface of the Earth will change over time, we must understand the rates at which reactions occur and the chemical feedbacks that relate these reactions across extreme temporal and spatial scales. This book addresses fundamental and applied questions concerning the rates of water-rock interactions driven by tectonic, climatic, and anthropogenic forcings.
Jets From Young Stars III : Numerical MHD and Instabilities
This volume contains the lecture notes of the Third JETSET School on Jets from Young Stars focussing on Numerical MHD and Instabilities. The introductory lectures presented here cover the basic concepts of the numerical methods for the integration of hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic equations and of the applications of these methods to the treatment of the instabilities relevant for the physics of stellar jets. The first part of the book contains an introduction to the finite difference and finite volume methods for computing the solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations and a discussion of approximate Riemann solvers for both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic problems. The second part is devoted to the discussion of some of the main instability processes that may take place in stellar jets, namely: the Kelvin-Helmholtz, the radiative shock, the pressure driven and the thermal instabilities.
Jamming, Yielding, and Irreversible Deformation in Condensed Matter
This collection ot ten tutorial reviews by leading researchers in the field introduces and renews recent advances on irreversible deformation phenomena in solid state and soft condensed matter physics. The focus in applications is on amorphous materials, crystalline solids under stress and more generally, elastic manifolds driven by external processes. This book addresses in particular nonspecialists and graduate students wishing to enter the field.
IUTAM Symposium on Multiscale Modelling of Damage and Fracture Processes in Composite Materials ; Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Kazimierz Dolny, Poland, 23-27 May 2005
This volume constitutes the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium. The main aim of the Symposium was to discuss the basic principles of damage growth and fracture processes in different types of composites: ceramic, polymer and metal matrix composites, cement and bituminous composites and wood. Nowadays, it is widely recognized that important macroscopic properties like the macroscopic stiffness and strength, are governed by processes that occur at one to several scales below the level of observation starting from nanoscale.
IUTAM Symposium on Hamiltonian Dynamics, Vortex Structures, Turbulence ; Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Moscow, 25–30 August, 2006
This work brings together previously unpublished notes contributed by participants of the IUTAM Symposium on Hamiltonian Dynamics, Vortex Structures, Turbulence (Moscow, 25-30 August 2006). The study of vortex motion is of great interest to fluid and gas dynamics: since all real flows are vortical in nature, applications of the vortex theory are extremely diverse, many of them (e.g. aircraft dynamics, atmospheric and ocean phenomena) being especially important. The last few decades have shown that serious possibilities for progress in the research of real turbulent vortex motions are essentially related to the combined use of mathematical methods, computer simulation and laboratory experiments. These approaches have led to a series of interesting results which allow us to study these processes from new perspectives.
IUTAM symposium on chaotic dynamics and control of systems and processes in mechanics ; Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Rome, Italy, 8-13 June 2003
In recent years, careful experimental studies have been made to establish the actual occurrence and observability of the predicted dynamic phenomenaComplex dynamics have been shown to characterize the behaviour of a great number of nonlinear mechanical systemswhen the first IUTAM Symposium devoted to the general topic of nonlinear
Iterating Infusion : Clearer Views of Objects, Classes, and Systems
Iterating Infusion presents comprehensive tools for you to best manage and work with object orientation. These include simplified fundamental concepts, popular language comparisons, advanced designing strategies, a broad usage progression, thorough design notations (interaction algebra), and data-oriented (fundamentally-OO) languages. The title, Iterating Infusion, alludes to the fact that any system has multiple, coexisting functional levels and that new levels—both lower and higher—are continually added to the same functional area. The practical effect is to bring processes into focus, always clarifying the vague. The extreme form of this is when separate but compatible technologies are brought together to create advancements; these can be baby-steps or great leaps, with varying amounts of effort. In more general terms, the same thing in a different context can take on much more power. And actually, this phenomenon is at the heart of object-oriented software.
IT Security Controls : A Guide to Corporate Standards and Frameworks
Gives an overview of the major standards and frameworks, and a proposed architecture to meet them. The book identifies and describes the necessary controls and processes that must be implemented in order to secure your organization's infrastructure. The book proposes a comprehensive approach to the implementation of IT security controls with an easily understandable graphic implementation proposal to comply with the most relevant market standards (ISO 27001, NIST, PCI-DSS, and COBIT) and a significant number of regulatory frameworks from central banks across the World (European Union, Switzerland, UK, Singapore, Hong Kong, India, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, etc.). You will learn: Understand corporate IT security controls, including governance, policies, procedures, and security awareness Know cybersecurity and risk assessment techniques such as penetration testing, red teaming, compliance scans, firewall assurance, and vulnerability scans Understand technical IT security controls for unmanaged and managed devices, and perimeter controls Implement security testing tools such as steganography, vulnerability scanners, session hijacking, intrusion detection, and more
ISSE/SECURE 2007 securing electronic business processes : Highlights of the information security solutions Europe/SECURE 2007 Conference
Presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE/SECURE 2007 - the forum for the interdisciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes. Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications.
ISSE 2006 — Securing Electronic Busines Processes : Highlights of the Information Security Solutions Europe 2006 Conference
Presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE 2006 - the forum for the interdisciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes. The topics include: Smart Token and e-ID-Card Developments and their Application - Secure Computing and how it will change the way we trust computers - Risk Management and how to quantify security threats - Awareness raising, Data Protection and how we secure corporate information. Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE 2006.
Computation and the humanities : Towards an oral history of digital humanities
This book addresses the application of computing to cultural heritage and the discipline of Digital Humanities that formed around it. Digital Humanities research is transforming how the Human record can be transmitted, shaped, understood, questioned and imagined and it has been ongoing for more than 70 years. However, we have no comprehensive histories of its research trajectory or its disciplinary development. The authors make a first contribution towards remedying this by uncovering, documenting, and analysing a number of the social, intellectual and creative processes that helped to shape this research from the 1950s until the present day.
Component-Based Digital Movie Production : Reference Model of an Integrated Production System
The ongoing digitization process affects all areas of the media industry. Within the scientific discussion, movie production is little observed although it currently faces crucial structural developments. The change to digital production processes allows new ways of cooperation and coordination in the project networks. Marcus Pankow examines the specifics of the movie production industry and its value-creating processes, reflecting the digitization and its impact on the information systems strategy. An empirical case study analysis forms the basis for the development of a reference model for a company-wide application system to support the entire movie production process. Following the concept of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), he encapsulates established applications in services and integrates them on one platform.
Complexity in landscape ecology
Interactions matter. To understand the distributions of plants and animals in a landscape you need to understand how they interact with each other, and with their environment. The resulting networks of interactions make ecosystems highly complex. Recent research on complexity and artificial life provides many new insights about patterns and processes in landscapes and ecosystems. This book provides the first overview of that work for general readers. It covers such topics as connectivity, criticality, feedback, and networks, as well as their impact on the stability and predictability of ecosystem dynamics. With over 60 years of research experience of both ecology and complexity, the authors are uniquely qualified to provide a new perspective on traditional ecology.
