الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Online Storage Systems and Transportation Problems with Applications : Optimization Models and Mathematical Solutions
This books covers the analysis and development of online algorithms involving exact optimization and heuristic techniques, and their application to solve two real life problems. The first problem is concerned with a complex technical system: a special carousel based high-speed storage system - Rotastore. It is shown that this logistic problem leads to an NP-hard Batch PreSorting problem which is not easy to solve optimally in offline situations. The second problem originates in the health sector and leads to a vehicle routing problem. Reasonable solutions for the offline case covering a whole day with a few hundred orders are constructed with a heuristic approach, as well as by simulated annealing. Optimal solutions for typical online instances are computed by an efficient column enumeration approach leading to a set partitioning problem and a set of routing-scheduling subproblems. The latter are solved exactly with a branch-and-bound method which prunes nodes if they are value-dominated by previous found solutions or if they are infeasible with respect to the capacity or temporal constraints.
Oncologic and Cardiologic PET/CT-Diagnosis : An Interdisciplinary Atlas and Manual
Since 1999/2000 simultaneous imaging of anatomical features and metabolic activities using fused PET and CT images has complemented and in many cases even replaced what was originally done as separate analysis. – Is this a small revolution? – In fact, this new approach can be considered to be without a rival for imaging diagnosis. The complementary efforts of nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists have improved the diagnostic value of PET/CT scans. The successful use of PET/CT in the field of oncology has been documented world-wide, and in cardiology we can take advantage of the significant findings of PET diagnosis, particularly in the USA. New prospects are now available for paediatric oncology and molecular medicine.
Object-Oriented Technology. ECOOP 2004 Workshop Reader ; ECOOP 2004 Workshop, Oslo, Norway, June 14-18, 2004, Final Reports
Following the tradition of the ECOOP Workshop Reader, we strove for hi- quality, value-adding and open-ended workshop reports. The result, as you can judge from the following pages, is a thought-provoking snap shot of the current- searchinobject-orientation, full of pointers for further exploration of the covered topics. We want to thank our workshop organizers who, despite the additional burden, did a great job in putting together these reports.
Numerical Treatment of Partial Differential Equations
In 1988 we started work on the frst German edition of our book, which appeared in 1992. Our aim was to give students a textbook that contained the basic concepts and ideas behind most numerical methods for partial di?er- tial equations. The success of this frst edition and the second edition in 1994 encouraged us, ten years later, to write an almost completely new version, taking into account comments from colleagues and students and drawing on the enormous progress made in the numerical analysis of partial di?erential equations in recent times. The present English version slightly improves the third German edition of 2005: we have corrected some minor errors and added additional material and references.
Numerical Methods for Laplace Transform Inversion
Operational methods have been used for over a century to solve many problems—for example, ordinary and partial differential equations. In many problems it is fairly easy to obtain the Laplace transform, but it can be very demanding to determine the inverse Laplace transform that is the solution of the given problem. Sometimes, after some difficult contour integration, we find that a series solution results, but even this may be quite difficult to evaluate in order to get an answer at a particular time value.
Numerical Methods for General and Structured Eigenvalue Problems
The purpose of this book is to describe recent developments in solving eig- value problems, in particular with respect to the QR and QZ algorithms as well as structured matrices. Outline Mathematically speaking, the eigenvalues of a square matrix A are the roots of its characteristic polynomial det(A??I). An invariant subspace is a linear subspace that stays invariant under the action of A. In realistic applications, it usually takes a long process of simpli?cations, linearizations and discreti- tions before one comes up with the problem of computing the eigenvalues of a matrix. In some cases, the eigenvalues have an intrinsic meaning, e.g., for the expected long-time behavior of a dynamical system; in others they are just meaningless intermediate values of a computational method. The same applies to invariant subspaces, which for example can describe sets of initial states for which a dynamical system produces exponentially decaying states. Computing eigenvalues has a long history, dating back to at least 1846 when Jacobi [172] wrote his famous paper on solving symmetric eigenvalue problems. Detailed historical accounts of this subject can be found in two papers by Golub and van der Vorst [140, 327].
Numerical Linear Algebra
This book brings together linear algebra, numerical methods and an easy to use programming environment under Matlab (or Scilab). One of the key features of the book are the worked out examples and exercises at the end of each chapter. The reader is asked to do some numerical experiments in Matlab and then to prove the results theoretically. The book is a combination and update of two earlier French books by the authors. It is appropriate for both undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in mathematics as well as for working scientists and engineers as a self-study tool and reference.This book is about numerical linear algebra and focuses on practical algorithms for solving computer problems of linear algebra.
Numerical Continuation Methods for Dynamical Systems : Path following and boundary value problems
The book opens with a foreword by Herbert B. Keller and lecture notes by Sebius Doedel himself that introduce the basic concepts of numerical bifurcation analysis. The other chapters by leading experts discuss continuation for various types of systems and objects and showcase examples of how numerical bifurcation analysis can be used in concrete applications. Topics that are treated include: interactive continuation tools, higher-dimensional continuation, the computation of invariant manifolds, and continuation techniques for slow-fast systems, for symmetric Hamiltonian systems, for spatially extended systems and for systems with delay. Three chapters review physical applications: the dynamics of a SQUID, global bifurcations in laser systems, and dynamics and bifurcations in electronic circuits.
Numerical Approximation Methods for Elliptic Boundary Value Problems : Finite and Boundary Elements
Although the aim of this book is to give a unified introduction into finite and boundary element methods, the main focus is on the numerical analysis of boundary integral and boundary element methods. Starting from the variational formulation of elliptic boundary value problems boundary integral operators and associated boundary integral equations are introduced and analyzed. By using finite and boundary elements corresponding numerical approximation schemes are considered.
Numerical Analysis and Its Applications ; 3rd International Conference, NAA 2004, Rousse, Bulgaria, June 29 - July 3, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
Constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the Third International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Its Applications, held in Bulgaria in June/July 2004. This book addresses various aspects of numerical analysis. It covers the application fields such as computational sciences and engineering, chemistry, physics, economics, and simulation.
Number Theory ; Vol.15 : Tradition and Modernization
This book appears varied, they are unified by two underlying principles:first, making everything readable as a book, and second, making a smooth transition from traditional approaches to modern ones by providing a rich array of examples. The chapters are presented in quite different in depth and cover a variety of descriptive details.The book emphasizes a few common features such as functional equations for various zeta-functions, modular forms, congruence conditions, exponential sums, and algorithmic aspects.
Notes on Coxeter Transformations and the McKay Correspondence
One of the beautiful results in the representation theory of the finite groups is McKay's theorem on a correspondence between representations of the binary polyhedral group of SU(2) and vertices of an extended simply-laced Dynkin diagram. The Coxeter transformation is the main tool in the proof of the McKay correspondence, and is closely interrelated with the Cartan matrix and Poincaré series. The Coxeter functors constructed by Bernstein, Gelfand and Ponomarev plays a distinguished role in the representation theory of quivers.
Normal Development of Voice in Children : Advances in Evidence-Based Standards
With updated acoustical measures of voice profiles (phonetograms, the audiogram of the voice) and the fundamental frequency of the tone range, new standards have been reached . In particular, the comparison to normal pediatric and hormonal development highlights the statistical scientific validity of voice parameters. The relation to hormones and the predictive values for voice development open new and interesting perspectives for experts. This book offers valuable insight into acoustical, physiological and biological measures that compare boys and girls and are based on prospective and stratified studies.
Nonsmooth Variational Problems and their Inequalities : Comparison Principles and Applications
The main purpose of this book is to provide a systematic and unified exposition of comparison principles based on a suitably extended sub-supersolution method. This method is an effective and flexible technique to obtain existence and comparison results of solutions. Also, it can be employed for the investigation of various qualitative properties, such as location, multiplicity and extremality of solutions. In the treatment of the problems under consideration a wide range of methods and techniques from nonlinear and nonsmooth analysis is applied, a brief outline of which has been provided in a preliminary chapter in order to make the book self-contained.
Nonlinear Elliptic and Parabolic Problems : A Special Tribute to the Work of Herbert Amann
The present volume is dedicated to celebrate the work of the renowned mathematician Herbert Amann, who had a significant and decisive influence in shaping Nonlinear Analysis. Most articles published in this book, which consists of 32 articles in total, written by highly distinguished researchers, are in one way or another related to the scientific works of Herbert Amann. The contributions cover a wide range of nonlinear elliptic and parabolic equations with applications to natural sciences and engineering. Special topics are fluid dynamics, reaction-diffusion systems, bifurcation theory, maximal regularity, evolution equations, and the theory of function spaces.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Structures Under Extreme Transient Loads
Covers model building for different engineering structures and provides detailed presentations of extreme loading conditions. A number of illustrations are given quantifying; a plane crash or explosion induced impact loading, the effects of strong earthquake motion, and the impact and long-duration effects of strong stormy winds—along with a relevant framework for using modern computational tools. The book considers the levels of reserve in existing structures, and ways of reducing the negative impact of high-risk situations by employing sounder design procedures.
Nitrous Oxide in Pediatric Dentistry : A Clinical Handbook
Nitrous oxide offers the easiest and safest form of pharmacological behavior management in this age group and can help greatly in reducing fear and anxiety toward dentists and dental treatment. Importantly, its use in children differs from that in adults, owing in part to the need for appropriate behavior management skills. In considering a range of clinical scenarios in which nitrous oxide is of value, this book will support clinicians in their daily practice.
Nexus Network Journal 9,2 : Architecture and Mathematics
This volume is dedicated to "Mechanics in Architecture", that is, the science of structural mechanics, including the behaviour of structures, internal forces, and deformation, as well as the development of new structural systems to resist thrusts as a result of new architectural forms. It is a field of enquiry that examines a particular aspect of the relationships between architecture and the mathematical sciences. Some of the papers in this issue were presented at the Nexus 2006 conference during a special session dedicated to mechanics. Other research papers focus on an eighteenth-century Belgian pyramid, aspects of "fractal" architecture, and properties of a family of irrational values. The issue also includes a description and evaluation of a university-level course in architecture and mathematics, Rachel Fletcher's Geometer's Angle column, and book reviews.
New Trends in Macroeconomics
This volume does exactly what its title says: it acquaints with 'New Trends in Macroeconomics'. More specifically, it contains eleven chapters covering different aspects of modern macroeconomics: short-run fluctuations, long-run growth, monetary economics, international finance, macroeconometrics and complex dynamics. All chapters break new grounds in their area while at the same time remain very accessible. The book contains also an excellent mixture of new techniques, interesting applications and methodological arguments. A valuable reference for both practitioners and researchers, it will also be of great help to gradutate students seeking to bring themselves to the frontier of one of the most fascinating fields of economics
New horizons for a data-driven economy : A roadmap for usage and exploitation of big data in Europe
The book is structured in four parts: Part I “The Big Data Opportunity” explores the value potential of big data with a particular focus on the European context. It also describes the legal, business and social dimensions that need to be addressed, and briefly introduces the European Commission’s BIG project. Part II “The Big Data Value Chain” details the complete big data lifecycle from a technical point of view, ranging from data acquisition, analysis, curation and storage, to data usage and exploitation. Next, Part III “Usage and Exploitation of Big Data” illustrates the value creation possibilities of big data applications in various sectors, including industry, healthcare, finance, energy, media and public services. Finally, Part IV “A Roadmap for Big Data Research” identifies and prioritizes the cross-sectorial requirements for big data research, and outlines the most urgent and challenging technological, economic, political and societal issues for big data in Europe.
