الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Three-Phase Diode Rectifiers with Low Harmonics : Current Injection Methods
In this book, principles of the current injection are discussed first. This discussion is followed by an analysis of various magnetic current injection devices. The third harmonic current injection is discussed next, and several current injection networks are analyzed. The optimal current injection is the topic that follows, and the requirements imposed to the current injection network in order to provide the optimal current injection are derived. Several current injection networks that provide the optimal current injection are proposed, and some parasitic effects are discussed. Recovery of the power taken by the current injection networks is analyzed, and two types of passive resistance emulators are analyzed in detail, the current-loaded resistance emulator, and the voltage-loaded resistance emulator. Avoiding the inductor of the current injection network results in mutipulse operation of the current injection based rectifiers with passive resistance emulators, which is discussed next.
The new in peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcer can be defined as mucosal lesions that penetrate the muscularis mucosae layer and form a cavity surrounded by acute and chronic inflammation. It continues to be a source of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately two-thirds of patients found to have peptic ulcer disease are asymptomatic. In symptomatic patients, the most common presenting symptom of peptic ulcer disease is epigastric pain, which may be associated with dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal fullness, nausea, or early satiety.
Les douleurs abdominales en questions : Rôle physiopathologique de la sensibilité viscérale = Abdominal pain in question : The pathophysiological role of visceral sensitivity
The gut-brain axis refers to the network of nerve pathways that connect the myenteric plexus, the veritable "gut brain," to the central nervous system. Nearly 80% of these neurons are sensory neurons, and the afferent pathways that transmit information from the digestive tract to the central nervous system play a crucial role in the physiological regulation of digestive functions, as well as in certain pathological conditions. A large majority of these sensations remain unconscious and give rise to reflex responses. Only those requiring a conscious response reach the level of awareness in a normal state (hunger, thirst, the urge to defecate). In pathological situations, the same is true for painful sensations of digestive origin. Functional bowel disorders are a frequent reason for consultation. Their pathophysiology is now based on a model integrating the various etiological factors around the brain-gut axis. These patients frequently present with visceral hypersensitivity, which manifests as an increased perception of digestive sensations, notably the onset of pain in response to stimuli that are not painful in normal subjects. Recognizing the role of visceral hypersensitivity has made it possible to explain the mechanism of action of medications used to treat functional bowel disorders and paves the way for the development of new molecules acting on digestive afferents. In this book, we will describe the anatomical and physiological basis for understanding the concept of visceral sensitivity and the role of digestive afferents in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic abdominal pain, particularly irritable bowel syndrome.
