الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Game-Theoretical Semantics : Essays on Semantics by Hintikka, Carlson, Peacocke, Rantala and Saarinen
This book is a collection of studies applying game-theoretical concepts and ideas to analysing the semantics of natural language and some formal languages. The bulk of the book consists of several papers by Hintikka, Carlson and Saarinen and discusses several of the central problems of the semantics of natural language.The topics covered are the semantics of natural language quantifiers, conditionals, pronouns and anaphora more generally. Hintikka’s famous essay presenting examples of "branching quantifier structures" in English, as well as one formulating his "any-every thesis", are included. The book also includes Hintikka’s closely argued philosophical discussion of the relationships between the new semantical games with the language games of Wittgenstein.
Copular Sentences In Russian : A Theory of Intra-Clausal Relations
This book provides a detailed study and a novel Minimalist account of copular sentences in Russian, focusing on case marking alternations (nominative vs. instrumental) and drawing a distinction between two types of copular sentences. On the assumption that Merge is defined in the simplest way possible, it is argued that not all syntactic structures are a(nti)symmetrical. One of the copular sentence types is analyzed as a poster child for symmetrical structures, while the other type is treated as asymmetrical. The originality of this study lies in treating the copula in the two types of copular sentences neither as completely identical nor as two distinct lexical items; instead, the two types of copula are derived through the process of semantic bleaching. Furthermore, it is argued that the two types of the copula need to combine with post-copular phrases of different categories. It is concluded that Russian draws a distinction between saturated DPs and unsaturated NPs, in spite of its renowned lack of overt articles.
Mass Terms : Some Philosophical Problems
MASS TERMS, COUNT TERMS, AND SORTAL TERMS Central examples of mass terms are easy to come by. 'Water', 'smoke', 'gold', etc. , differ in their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties from count terms such as 'man', 'star', 'wastebasket', etc. Syntactically, it seems, mass terms do, but singular count terms do not, admit the quantifier phrases 'much', 'an amount of', 'a little', etc. The typical indefinite article for them is 'some' (unstressed)!, and this article cannot be used with singular count terms. Count terms, but not mass terms, use the quantifiers 'each', 'every', 'some', 'few', 'many'; and they use 'a(n)' as the indefinite article. They can, unlike the mass terms, take numerals as prefixes.
Logical aspects of computational linguistics ; 4th International Conference, LACL 2001, Le Croisic, France, June 27-29, 2001, Proceedings
Structural Equations in Language Learning.- On the Distinction between Model-Theoretic and Generative-Enumerative Syntactic Frameworks.- Contributed Papers.- A Formal Definition of Bottom-Up Embedded Push-Down Automata and Their Tabulation Technique.- An Algebraic Approach to French Sentence Structure.- Deductive Parsing of Visual Languages.- Lambek Grammars Based on Pregroups.- An Algebraic Analysis of Clitic Pronouns in Italian.- Consistent Identification in the Limit of Any of the Classes k-Valued Is NP-hard.- Polarized Non-projective Dependency Grammars.- On Mixing Deduction and Substitution in Lambek Categorial Grammars.- A Framework for the Hyperintensional Semantics of Natural Language with Two Implementations.- A Characterization of Minimalist Languages.- of Speech Tagging from a Logical Point of View.- Transforming Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems into Minimalist Grammars.- Recognizing Head Movement.- Combinators for Paraconsistent Attitudes.- Combining Syntax and Pragmatic Knowledge for the Understanding of Spontaneous Spoken Sentences.- Atomicity of Some Categorially Polyvalent Modifiers.
Anaphora and Type Logical Grammar
This book develops a hybrid architecture that allows to incorporate anaphora resolution into grammatical deduction while avoiding these consequences. To this end, the grammar logic is enriched with a connective that specifically deals with anaphora.After giving a self-contained introduction into Type Logical Grammar in general, the book discusses the formal properties of this connective. In the sequel, Jäger applies this machinery to numerous linguistic phenomena pertaining to the interaction of pronominal anaphora, VP ellipsis and quantification. In the final chapter, the framework is extended to indefiniteness, specificity and sluicing.
Anaphora : Analysis, Algorithms and Applications ; 6th Discourse Anaphora and Anaphor Resolution Colloquium, DAARC 2007, Lagos Portugal, March 29-30, 2007, Selected Papers
This book presented sections on human processing and performance, language analysis and representation, resolution methodology and algorithms, as well as computational systems and applications.
Advanced English Grammar : A Linguistic Approach
The second edition of this book pulls from linguistic theory all the relevant notions that will enable the language student to fully grasp English grammar. After introducing form and function, the authors cover verbs, nouns, aspect and tense, modality and discourse. Readers are led through the underlying principles of language use, with the book presupposing only a basic grasp of linguistic terminology and focusing on the critical issues.
