الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes Bioactivation and Antioxidant Defense
Xenobiotics are commonly referred to as xenobiotics that humans digest or inhale and are not produced by the body, such as foods, drugs, other chemicals, and air pollutants. Metabolic conversion of xenobiotics to facilitate their removal from the body is catalyzed by activation and detoxification enzymes. These enzymes are essential for bioactivation and detoxification of xenobiotics. Many xenobiotics are non-toxic in nature; however, some of them become cytotoxic or carcinogenic after metabolic conversion. Reactive intermediates or metabolites generated during metabolic conversion are generally electrophilic in nature and are either cations or neutral compounds, including reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Metabolic reactive intermediate-mediated oxidative stress can cause damages to cellular components such as impairment of protein functions, membrane lipid peroxidation, and formation of DNA adduct.
Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels : Biophysics of Molecular Excitability
Explores the complexity of a microscopic bit of matter that exists in a myriad of copies within our bodies, the voltage-sensitive ion channel. We seek to investigate the way in which these macromolecules make it possible for the long fibers of our nerve and muscle cells to conduct impulses. These integral components of cell membranes are marvels of nature's evolutionary adaptation. To understand them we must probe the boundaries of physics and chemistry. Since function is intimately related to structure, we examine the molecular structure of channels, focusing on physical principles that govern all matter. With the application of genetic methods, our knowledge of ion channels has broadened and deepened. In the hope that research can help ameliorate suffering, we discuss the diseases that arise from channel malfunctions due to genetic mutations.
Viral Membrane Proteins: Structure, Function, and Drug Design
Protein Reviews, a new book series from Springer, covers all aspects of protein investigations including protein chemistry, sequence, 3-D structure, biological activity, proteomics, methodology, and many more new and emerging topics. This book can help teach everyone that it is possible to treat viral disease with drugs that bind to membrane proteins. Knowing that, we can hope that more resources will be focused on finding other such drugs to the remaining scourges of mankind, at least those we do not produce ourselves."
Unconventional Computation ; Vol. 4135 ; 5th International Conference, UC 2006, York, UK, September 4-8, 2006, Proceedings
This book about The 5th International Conference on Unconventional Computation, UC 2006,organized under the auspices of the EATCS by the Centre for Discrete Mathe-matics and Theoretical Computer Science of the University of Auckland, and theDepartment of Computer Science of the University of York, was held in York,UK, September 4–8, 2006.
Transmembrane β-barrel proteins : Methods and protocols
Explores experimental strategies and protocols for the expression, assembly, characterization, and exploitation of transmembrane β-barrel proteins. Beginning with methodologies to study their assembly, the book continues with protocols for characterizing the landscape of transmembrane β-barrel protein interactions with other cellular factors, dissecting processes of protein transport in bacteria and mitochondria, examining structural characterization, determination, and prediction, and more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins
This important reference explores the three main chemoselective ligation methods for assembling unprotected peptide segments, including native chemical ligation (NCL). It includes information on synthetic strategies for the complex polypeptides that constitute glycoproteins, sulfoproteins, and membrane proteins, as well as their characterization. In addition, important areas of application for total protein synthesis are detailed, such as protein crystallography, protein engineering, and biomedical research.
Tobacco BY-2 Cells : From Cellular Dynamics to Omics
Thus we decided to compile a new volume on tobacco BY-2 cells which includes these new topics. In addition, towards the end of the symposium, our common understanding was that the tobacco BY-2 cell system is still important in plant biology, in particular for studying the dynamic features of plant cells. We hope this volume is useful for plant biologists.
Tissue Repair, Contraction and the Myofibroblast
The purpose of this book, is to put together the most recent advances in the understanding of myofibroblast biology and to present the main directions of research taking place worldwide to explore new aspects of myofibroblast physiological and pathological activities, such as: mechanisms of force generation by the myofibroblast; myofibroblast origin and diversity; interaction of the myofibroblast with other cells, normal and malignant epithelial cells in particular; and participation of the myofibroblast in the development of fibrosis in various organs.
Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration
Focuses on the molecular and cellular fundamentals of homeostatic and defense responses of tissue barriers, covering the damaging impacts and exposure to pathogens and engineered nanomaterials. Sections emphasize the role of mesenchymal stoma, vascular, epithelial, telocyte, myofibroblast, lymphoid and reticuloendothelial cells, along with reactions that bridge the effects of ambient factors, medical treatments, drag delivery systems with alterations in barrier integrity, tissue/organ functions, and metabolic status. Other sections cover the role of progenitor cells of different origins in the remodeling and regeneration of tissue stroma, vasculature of blood-tissue barriers, and more.
Tight Junctions
ight junctions (TJs) are cell-ceil adhesion belts that encircle epithelial and endothelial cells at the limit between the apical and the lateral Tmembrane. These junctions are crucial for the establishment of separate compartments in multicellular organisms and for the exchange of substances between the internal milieu and the external environment. The perception of TJs has changed over the years. From being regarded as static paracellular seals, they have come to be perceived as dynamic structures that adjust their morphol ogy and function in response to physiological, pharmacological and pathologi cal challenges.
The Thermodynamic Machinery of Life
Living organisms are open thermodynamic systems whose functional structure has developed and been kinetically frozen during the historical process of biological evolution. A thermodynamics of both nonequilibrium and complex systems is needed for their description. In this book, the foundations of such a thermodynamics are presented. Biological processes at the cellular level are considered as coupled chemical reactions and transport processes across internal and the cytoplasmic membrane. All these processes are catalyzed by specific enzymes hence the kinetics of enzymatic catalysis and its control are described here in detail. The coupling of several processes through a common enzyme is considered in the context of free energy or signal transduction. Special attention is paid to evidence for a rich stochastic internal dynamics of native proteins and its possible role in the control of enzyme activity and in the action of biological molecular machines.
The Sarcomere and Skeletal Muscle Disease
Although best known for its role in heart disease, the sarcomere--the fundamental unit of muscle contraction--is also involved in skeletal muscle diseases. Chapters in The Sarcomere and Skeletal Muscle Disease provide an up-to-date review of diseases caused by mutated proteins in the different sub-compartments of the sarcomere, document the techniques currently being used to investigate the pathobiological bases of the diseases, which remain largely unknown, and discuss possible therapeutic options.
The roles of variants in human multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene on drug response
MDR-1 belongs to a large family of ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins. These pumps bind their substrate and export it through the membrane using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that MDR-1 plays a very significant role in the ADME processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and drug-drug interaction (DDI) of drugs in humans. Moreover, this efflux transporter is not only expressed in tumor cells, but also in normal tissues (Brain, intestine, liver and kidney) with excretory function that limits oral absorption and central nervous system entry of many drugs.
The Pollen Tube : A Cellular and Molecular Perspective
The enormous amount of data now available about the pollen tube clearly reflects its qualities as a biological model that go much beyond that of a carrier of sperm cells essential for plant reproduction. The diversity of techniques and methodologies currently used to study pollen and pollen tube growth is reflected in this book written by biochemists, cell biologists, molecular biologists and geneticists. Their different perspectives demonstrate that pollen tubes are excellent models for plant cell research, particularly suitable for investigations on cell tip growth and polarization, signal transduction, channel and ion flux activity, gene expression, cytoskeleton and wall structure, membrane dynamics and even cell–cell communication.
The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), called "the mother of all membranes," is spotlighted in this timely new book. The work presented here is especially exciting since GFP-technology has provided new ways of looking at the dynamics of the ER and its relationship to other organelles, particularly the Golgi apparatus and peroxisomes. This book provides in-depth knowledge of the ER and the diverse roles it plays—for instance, in protein trafficking, homeostasis of cellular calcium, plant hormone and lipid synthesis. These manifold activities are reflected in the great plasticity of the ER as a structure, with more than a dozen specialized domains recognized for this organelle.
The Golgi Apparatus : State of the art 110 years after Camillo Golgi's discovery
Summarizes all new data obtained after development of methods of Golgi complex sub fractionation, molecular biology and microscopy collecting the full range of expertise, different points of view and different approaches. The book is devoted to molecular modes of the function of the Golgi apparatus as a whole, taking into account all experimental data even if they contradict existing models of Golgi function. The aim of the book is to make the functional organization of the Golgi apparatus more understandable by keeping it as simple as possible but also as full as possible.
The Expanding Cell
After division, plant cells are able to increase their volume enormously by cell expansion, making the expanding cell a crucial player in the production of biomass. The study of plant cell expansion involves many different disciplines and technical approaches, and this book is the first attempt to bring this diversity together to present a multifaceted view of the most up-to-date knowledge. Included are data ranging from biophysical measurements and chemical analysis to molecular biological approaches and microscopy.
Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures
The objective ofthis book is to collect state-of-the-art research and tech-nologyfor design, analysis, construction and maintenance oftextile andinflatable structures.PREFACEThe objective ofthis book is to collect state-of-the-art research and tech-nologyfor design, analysis, construction and maintenance oftextile andinflatable structures.Textile composites and inflatable structures have become increasinglypopular for a variety of applications in - amongmany other fields - civilengineering, architecture andaerospace engineering. Typicalexamples in-clude membrane roofs and covers, sails, inflatable buildings and pavilions,airships, inflatable furniture, airspace structures .
Systems Biology Cell Engineering ; Vol.5
Presents an overall picture of the current topics central to structural and functional genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics, including such hot topics as RNAi, metabolic engineering and unfolded protein response.
Synthetic Polymeric Membranes : Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy
Concentrates on atomic force microscopy (AFM), a method recently - veloped to study the surfaces of synthetic polymeric membranes. Each chapter of this book includes information on basic principles, commercial applications, current research, and guidelines for future research.
