الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Vitamin deficiency
Vitamin deficiency is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified as a primary deficiency, whereas when due to an underlying disorder such as malabsorption it is called a secondary deficiency. An underlying disorder may be metabolic – as in a genetic defect for converting tryptophan to niacin – or from lifestyle choices that increase vitamin needs, such as smoking or drinking alcohol. Governments guidelines on vitamin deficiencies advise certain intakes for healthy people, with specific values for women, men, babies, the elderly, and during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Many countries have mandated vitamin food fortification programs to prevent commonly occurring vitamin deficiencies. Conversely hypervitaminosis refers to symptoms caused by vitamin intakes in excess of needs, especially for fat-soluble vitamins that can accumulate in body tissues.
Vitamin D
There has been a growing interest in vitamin D during the last decades, which has boosted an increasing number of scientific papers on this topic. Vitamin D has a significant role in calcium homeostasis and metabolism, vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem that affects not only musculoskeletal health but also a wide range of acute and chronic diseases, There is potentially a great upside to increasing the vitamin D status of children and adults worldwide for improving musculoskeletal health and reducing the risk of chronic illnesses, including some cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurocognitive disorders, and mortality. In addition, there are many evidences about the correlation between the vit.D and the levels of quality of life. Recently, taking of vit.D3 become in the guideline for cure and help the treatment of COVID-19 epidemic.
Vitamin A in health and illnesses
Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin found in both animal and plant sources. The human body cannot produce Vitamin A on its own, so it must be obtained from the diet, Focuses on vitamin A, its significant role in human health, particularly in skinrelated conditions and pregnancy . The review also discusses the effects of high doses and vitamin A deficiency, with a particular emphasis on its impact during pregnancy and strategies for preventing deficiency symptoms in pregnant women. The therapeutic effects of vitamin A on the skin, including its role in treating acne vulgaris, other skin diseases like psoriasis, are explored. Special attention is given to isotretinoin (Retane), covering its mechanism of action, benefits, and side effects.
Treatment planning steps in oral implantology : a color atlas
Comprehensive guide to oral implantology for dental surgeons covering latest surgical advances and technologies, procedures for achieving optimal aesthetic results, managing bone deficiency in the posterior maxilla and mandible, and much more. Authored by internationally recognised experts in the field and features nearly 2500 images and illustrations. Covers : Internationally recognised author team Features nearly 2500 images and illustrations
Transforming Food Systems for a Rising India
This book examines India’s economic development, agricultural production, and nutrition through the lens of a “Food Systems Approach (FSA).” Despite economic progress, regional inequality, food insecurity and malnutrition persist. Simultaneously, recent trends in obesity and micro-nutrient deficiency indicate a future public health crisis. This book explores the challenges and opportunities to achieve a nutrition-secure future through diversified production systems, improved health and hygiene and greater individual capability to access a balanced diet. Within the context of developing countries, they highlight India’s status as an outlier regarding high levels of stunting and global trends in obesity. This book discusses the policy and institutional interventions needed to promote a nutrition-sensitive food system and the multi-sectoral strategies needed to address malnutrition in India.
The Neurological Manifestations of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Syndromes
World Health Organization data documents that infectious diseases and immunodeficiencies are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world's children. In The Neurological Manifestations of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Syndromes, an authoritative, international panel of experts provide a succinct, up-to-date, evidence-based reference to the neurological consequences of infectious diseases and immunodeficiency syndromes in children in one readily accessible volume. Within each of its conveniently structured chapters, readers will find a general description of the disease or disorder, its epidemiology, etiology, clinical synopsis, neurological manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy.
The era of gene therapy
Typically, therapeutic gene therapies involve the transfer of genetic material into cells to reverse an abnormal condition or induce a new trait. Depending on the underlying genetic problem, various strategies such as addition, edition (repair), and deletion/knockout (inactivation) could be used. Sometimes gene therapy is used to add a normal and functional copy of an allele to increase gene expression, such as adding a normal human clotting factor IX allele to produce enough factor IX in hemophilia type B. Also, gene transferred by vectors...
Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer
Represents the most important risk factor for the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Additionally, assessment of sun exposure parameters has consistently shown an association between the development of malignant melanoma and short term, intense UV exposure, particularly burning in childhood. As a consequence, protection of the skin from UV exposure is an integral part of skin cancer prevention programs. However, more chronic, less intense UV exposure has not been found to be a risk factor for melanoma and in fact has been found in some studies to be protective. Moreover, 90% of all requisite vitamin D is formed within the skin through the action of the sun—a serious problem—for a connection between vitamin D deficiency and various types of cancer (e. g. , colon, prostate and breast cancers) has been demonstrated in a large number of studies. Hence, the - sociation between vitamin D deficiency and various internal malignancies has now opened a debate among dermatologists and other clinicians how to balance between positive and negative effects of solar and artificial UV exposure. The goal of this volume is to provide a comprehensive, highly readable overview of our present knowledge of positive and negative effects of UV exposure, with a focus on vitamin D and skin cancer.
SoloCademy Course recommendation system
This computer science project utilizes fine-tuned GPT-2, TF-IDF, and cosine similarity to recommend online courses based on user profiles aimed to help them increase their educational attainment and development in several fields, in addition to helping school students to repair the deficiency in various subjects. It covers school-level and college-level courses and enables users to enroll in suggested courses. The system analyzes skills, major, and age to generate personalized recommendations. TF-IDF and cosine similarity improve course matching. It caters to students and graduates, fostering continuous education and skill development. It simplifies the enrollment process for recommended courses.
Software Design for Resilient Computer Systems
This book addresses the question of how system software should be designed to account for faults, and which fault tolerance features it should provide for highest reliability. With this second edition of Software Design for Resilient Computer Systems the book is thoroughly updated to contain the newest advice regarding software resilience. With additional chapters on computer system performance and system resilience, as well as online resources, the new edition is ideal for researchers and industry professionals.
Shoulder Arthroplasty
Louis Bigliani, MD, and Evan L. Flatow, MD, two pioneers in the field, have edited this practical book that presents the orthopedic surgeon and resident with a logical, step-by-step guide to successfully performing shoulder arthroplasty. Select contributors share their extensive knowledge and experience with readers. An introductory chapter on surgical approaches and preoperative evaluation serves as a springboard for in-depth examinations of cutting-edge techniques. Topics include total shoulder replacement, glenoid component preparation and soft tissue releases, and revision shoulder arthroplasty. Additionally, one chapter is devoted to arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures, nonunions, and malunions. The comprehensive text also addresses conditions such as arthroplasty and rotator cuff deficiency and glenohumeral inflammatory arthritis. Rehabilitation of shoulder arthroplasty is covered as well. The book is complete with a wealth of illustrations that clarifies key concepts. Specific examples of complications and how to avoid and correct them are found throughout, underscoring the importance of this essential resource.
Reelin Glycoprotein : Structure, Biology and Roles in Health and Disease
Reelin glycoprotein is a major secretory protein with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. Reelin gene mutations or deficiency of the protein product cause abnormal cortical development and reelin signaling impairment in brain. Since the first discovery of the reelin mutant mouse in 1951 by Falconer, and later discovery of the gene for reelin in 1995, there has been an explosion of new knowledge about this important molecule. Reelin Glycoprotein: Structure, Biology and Roles in Health and Disease, written by an international panel of experts, summarizes the state of the knowledge on various aspects of reelin. Topics include the reelin gene and its receptors, downstream effector molecules in reelin signaling cascade, chemistry and structure of reelin, comparative anatomy of reelin, presence of reelin in various body tissues, reelin mutations, and abnormalities of reelin production in neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer. This book will serve as a foundation for analysis of this emerging novel protein for all neuroscientists and clinicians.
Recent Advances in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology
Covers forensic toxicology, nanotoxicology, toxicogenomics and toxinology. Discusses pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a clinical decision-making tool that enables dosage regimen adjustments based on clinical and laboratory measurements. TDM not only involves the measuring of drug concentrations but also interpretation of the results.
Pulmonary Hypertension
This timely volume addresses the areas of pathophysiology and therapy of pulmonary hypertension, which have seen exciting developments over the past decade. The discoveries of endothelin overexpression as well as prostacyclin and nitric oxide deficiency in association with pulmonary hypertension have led to important therapeutic insights. In addition, the identification of genes associated with pulmonary hypertension has just begun to open the door to new pathophysiologic insights. The new therapies have led to significant improvements in patient function, quality of life and survival.
Primary immunodeficiency diseases : Definition, diagnosis, and management
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are a group of disorders involving defects in one or more components of the immune system, and are characterized by an increased incidence of infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Although PID seem to be rare, the number of patients diagnosed has increased in recent years, and more than 150 different forms of PID have been identified. Nevertheless, because of inadequate medical awareness, a significant number of patients with PID are either not recognized as having a PID or are not diagnosed as early as they should be. Such delays lead to a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality among affected individuals.Our understanding of PID is improving rapidly, which will hopefully lead to more accurate diagnosis and efficient disease management. This book contains the most recent advances in the field, as well as a concise and structured review of previously identified PID. Although the book’s primary focus is on practical diagnosis and management, the pathophysiology of PID is also discussed.This book is a comprehensive yet manageable resource for physicians and nurses wishing to learn more about PID, as well as a useful tool for both doctors-in-training and specialists in clinical decision-making and treatment planning.
Preparing Folic Acid topical gel
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors. Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, plays several crucial roles in the body. Folate deficiency has been extensively documented in human plasma. However, folate status within skin has not been widely investigated. Delivery to the skin via the blood circulation of nutrients taken orally is inherently inefficient...
Photoprotection, Photoinhibition, Gene Regulation, and Environment
In this volume, the dual role of photoprotective responses in the preservation of leaf integrity and in redox signaling networks modulating stress acclimation, growth, and development is addressed. In addition, the still unresolved impact of photoinhibition on plant survival and productivity is discussed. Specific topics include dissipation of excess energy via thermal and other pathways, scavenging of reactive oxygen by antioxidants, proteins key to photoprotection and photoinhibition, peroxidation of lipids, as well as signaling by reactive oxygen, lipid-derived messengers, and other messengers that modulate gene expression. Approaches include biochemical, physiological, genetic, molecular, and field studies, addressing intense visible and ultraviolet light, winter conditions, nutrient deficiency, drought, and salinity.
Office Andrology
The investigation and management of male infertility can be a formidable diagnostic challenge to family physicians, urologists, and reproductive specialists alike. In Office Andrology, noted clinical physicians and scientists have joined forces to create a comprehensive resource guide to current diagnostic and treatment options for a broad spectrum of clinical issues relevant to male infertility disorders. Topics covered range from basic sperm biology and male reproductive endocrinology, to immunology, specialized sperm testing, and the genetic background to male infertility. Although emphasis is on the investigation, diagnostic testing, and management of the infertile male, controversial medical and surgical treatment options are also fully discussed. For the reproductive specialist, the text thoughtfully reviews such timely issues as gender selection, human immunodeficiency virus-discordance couples, and posthumous reproduction. Other topics of interest include laboratory accreditation, vasectomy reversal, ethical and legal considerations of donor insemination, optimizing success in a donor insemination program, and strategic therapies for ejaculatory disorders and erectile dysfunction in infertile men.
Neural and Neuroendocrine Mechanisms in Host Defense and Autoimmunity
This comprehensive volume, written by experts in the integrative fields of neuroscience, endocrinology and immunology, provides insight into the mechanisms by which neural and neuroendocrine factors influence susceptibility to infection and autoimmunity. The book focuses on multiple sclerosis as the prototypic autoimmune disease and discusses infectious diseases including anthrax, influenza virus, herpes virus and human immunodeficiency virus. The effects of stress on experimental models of multiple sclerosis and also clinical observations of stress in multiple sclerosis patients are discussed. Neural and Neuroendocrine Mechanisms in Host Defense and Autoimmunity is an ideal book for researches and professionals in the fields of immunology, neuroscience, infectious disease, psychology, microbiology, virology, public health and pharmaceutical sciences.
Mucosal Immune Defense : Immunoglobulin A
This book, authored by international experts in the field of IgA immunology, presents a comprehensive and timely overview of current knowledge of IgA structure and function. Topics include the basic science of IgA biochemistry and molecular biology, general and tissue-specific aspects of IgA function, and the clinical relevance of IgA in infection, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency and cancer.
