الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Zinc Finger Proteins: From Atomic Contact to Cellular Function
The scientists discovered a novel domain associated with zinc, and named this domain "zinc finger. " The number of proteins with similar zinc fingers grew quickly and these proteins are now called C2H2, Cys2His2 or classical zinc finger proteins. To date, about 24,000 C2H2 zinc finger proteins have been recognized. Approximately 700 human genes, or more than 2% of the genome, have been estimated to encode C2H2 finger proteins. From the beginning these proteins were thought to be numerous, but no one could have predicted such a huge number. Perhaps thousands of scientists are now working on C2H2 zinc finger proteins fi-om variou s viewpoints. This field is a good example of how a new science begins with the insight of a few scientists and how it develops by efforts of numerous independent scientists, in contrast to a policy-driven scientific project, such as the Human Genome Project, with goals clearly set at its inception and with work performed by a huge collaboration throughout the world. As more zinc finger proteins were discovered, several subfamilies, such as C2C2, CCHC, CCCH, LIM, RING, TAZ, and FYVE emerged, increasing our understanding of zinc fingers. The knowledge was overwhelming. Moreover, scientists began defining the term "zinc finger" differently and using various names for identical zinc fingers.
Youth transitions among descendants of Turkish immigrants in Amsterdam and Strasbourg : A Generation in transition
Maps the youth transitions of descendants of migrants from Turkey living in Amsterdam and Strasbourg, through a comparative mixed-methods research design. As such, it is of interest to discussions in youth sociology, social mobility and second-generation research. The book follows transition trajectories of the second-generation, from school to activity or inactivity in the labour market, to marriage or further study and, deepens our understanding of transitions by unravelling the macro and micro mechanisms behind individual pathways. On the one hand, the book reveals the ongoing significance of distinct macro institutional settings as well as social structures such as social class, ethnicity and gender in shaping the youth transition experience.
Why do buildings collapse in earthquakes? : Building for safety in seismic areas
With today's technical understanding, building collapse in earthquakes should be a thing of the past. Engineers know how to build safely in earthquake prone areas, and modern building techniques have been through extensive theoretical analyses, laboratory testing and reviews over years of research and development.
Wave Propagation in Infinite Domains : With Applications to Structure Interaction
Attention is focused on linear waves in ideal fluids and elastic domains. Wave propagation based on scalar and vector wave equations, as well as fluid-structure interaction and soil-structure interaction is numerical simulated. The model is based on a coupled finite element/scaled boundary finite element method (FEM/SBFEM). While the FEM maps the near-field, under the immense variety of non-reflecting boundary conditions the SBFEM, developed by Wolf and Song, was chosen. It has some unique features: reduction of the spatial dimension by one without requiring a fundamental solution, no discretisation of free and fixed boundaries and interfaces between different materials, and influence of the infinite far-field could be stored in the form of matrices for further simulations (e.g., different load cases).
Visualizing the Structure of Science
Vargas-Quesada and Moya-Anegón propose a methodology for visualizing large scientific domains. They create science maps, so-called "scientograms", based on the interactions between authors and their papers through citations and co-citations, using approaches such as domain analysis, social networks, cluster analysis and pathfinder networks. The resulting scientograms offer manifold possibilities. Domain analysts can discover the most significant connections between categories of a given domain, and they can also see how these categories are grouped into major thematic areas and how they are interrelated through a logical internal, while information scientists or researchers new to an area may appreciate a durable image of the essential structure of a domain.
Visualizing the Semantic Web : XML-based Internet and Information Visualization
This pioneering book deals specifically with the visualization of the Second-Generation Web. Now in its second edition it has been completely revised and updated, and includes extensive new material. It focuses on key topics including: Visualization of semantic and structural information and metadata in the context of the emerging Semantic Web / Ontology-based information visualization and the use of graphically represented ontologies / Semantic visualizations using topic maps and graph techniques / Web Services, e-commerce and web search applications / Recommender systems for filtering and recommending on the Semantic Web / SVG and X3D as new XML-based languages for 2D and 3D visualisations / Methods used to construct and visualize high quality metadata and ontologies / Navigating and exploring XML documents using interactive multimedia interfaces / The use of semantic association networks as well as social networks on the Second-Generation Web / Semantically enhanced solutions for the medical community / Semantic-oriented use of existing visualization methods / The design of visual interfaces for e-commerce and information retrieval is currently a challenging area of practical web development.
Visualizing Mortality Dynamics in the Lexis Diagram
Visualizes mortality dynamics in the Lexis diagram. While the standard approach of plotting death rates is also covered, the focus in this book is on the depiction of rates of mortality improvement over age and time. This rather novel approach offers a more intuitive understanding of the underlying dynamics, enabling readers to better understand whether period- or cohort-effects were instrumental for the development of mortality in a particular country. Besides maps for single countries, the book includes maps on the dynamics of selected causes of death in the United States, such as cardiovascular diseases or lung cancer. The book also features maps for age-specific contributions to the change in life expectancy, for cancer survival and for seasonality in mortality for selected causes of death in the United States. The book is accompanied by instructions on how to use the freely available R Software to produce these types of surface maps.
Visualizing Information Using SVG and X3D : XML-based Technologies for the XML-based Web
The first great graphics technology for the Web,VRML,has been mistaken for something else since its inception. Viewed variously as a game system,a format for architectural walkthroughs,a platform for multi-user chat and an augmentation of reality,VRML may qualify as the least understood invention in the history of inf- mation technology. Perhaps it is so because when VRML was originally introduced it was touted as a tool for putting the shopping malls of the world online,at once prosaic and horrifyingly mundane to those of us who were developing it. Perhaps those ?rst two initials,“VR”,created expectations of sprawling,photorealistic f- tasy landscapes for exploration and play across the Web
Visual Methodology in Migration Studies : New Possibilities, Theoretical Implications, and Ethical Questions
Explores the use of visual methods in migration studies through a combination of theoretical analyses and empirical studies. The first section looks at how various visual methods, including photography, film, and mental maps, may be used to analyse the spatial presence of migrants. The second section addresses the processual building of narratives around migration, thereby using formats such as film and visual essay, and reflecting upon the ways they become carriers and mediators of both story and theory within the subject of migration. Section three focuses on vulnerable communities and discusses how visual methods can empower these communities, thereby also focusing on the theoretical and ethical implications of migration. The fourth section addresses the issue of migrant representation in visual discourses. The fifth and concluding section comprises of a single methodological chapter which systematizes the use of visual methods in migration studies across disciplines, with regard to their empirical, theoretical, and ethical implications ...
Virchows Eulogies : Rudolf Virchow in Tribute to his Fellow Scientists
Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902) was a leading figure in the medical, political and intellectual life of Germany in the second half of the nineteenth century. He became the most famous pathologist of his time, especially through his book "Cellular Pathology" – which discussed pathology in terms of the functioning of the cells in the anatomic lesions of diseases. Virchow's writings were voluminous: he wrote many books and more than 2,000 articles on medicine and anthropology alone. Despite, or perhaps because of, the volume of his writings, only a small proportion is available in English translation. Furthermore, in the translated material there has been little revealed of the man himself and his relations to others.
Viral Genome Packaging: Genetics, Structure, and Mechanism
Viral Genome Packaging focuses on the process of genome "packaging" within a pre-formed viral procapsid. The chapters of this book concentrate on the biochemistry, enzymology and structural aspects of the genome packaging machinery. This book defines a broad mechanistic basis for the process across the prokaryotic and eukaryotic border, and for DNA and RNA viruses. The biochemical, biophysical and structural aspects of genome packaging are examined in detail.
Vegetables
Vegetables contains reviews in 12 chapters contributed by 31 authors from 10 countries. Covered are tomato, lettuce, radish, carrot, beet, eggplant, cucurbits, onion, garlic and other crops included in Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, capsicums and cucurbits.
Variational Methods : Applications to Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations and Hamiltonian Systems
Gives a concise introduction to variational methods and presents an overview of areas of current research in the calculus of variations. The fourth edition gives a survey on new developments in the field. In particular it includes the proof for the convergence of the Yamabe flow and a detailed treatment of the phenomenon of blow-up. Also the recently discovered results for backward bubbling in the heat flow for harmonic maps or surfaces are discussed. Aside from these more significant additions, a number of smaller changes throughout the text have been made and the references have been updated.
Variant Construction from Theoretical Foundation to Applications
This book presents theoretical framework and sample applications of variant construction. The first part includes the components variant logic, variant measurements, and variant maps, while the second part covers sample applications such as variation with functions, variant stream ciphers, quantum interference, classical/quantum random sequences, whole DNA sequences, and multiple-valued pulse sequences. Addressing topics ranging from logic and measuring foundation to typical applications and including various illustrated maps.
Value Chain Management in the Chemical Industry : Global Value Chain Planning of Commodities
Supply chain management helped companies to manage volumes, fulfil customer demand and optimize costs in production and distribution. Specifically, chemical industry companies with high complexity in production and distribution used supply chain management to steer their operations. Confronted with globalization and increasing raw material and sales price volatility, optimizing supply chain costs is no longer sufficient to ensure the overall profitability of the business. Value chain management takes supply chain management to the next level by integrating all volume and value decisions from sales to procurement. The book presents the value chain management concept and demonstrates how it is applied in a global value chain planning model for commodities in the chemical industry. A comprehensive industry case study illustrates the effects of decision making integration, e.g. the influence of raw material prices or exchange rates on optimal sales, production, distribution and procurement plans as well as overall company profitability.
Vaginal Surgery for Incontinence and Prolapse
Vaginal Surgery for Incontinence and Prolapse presents a comprehensive overview of vaginal anatomy and physiology, practical guidelines for office evaluation of incontinence and prolapse, as well as a series of detailed chapters on current reconstructive procedures for urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence and prolapse. Vaginal procedures including urethral reconstruction, fistula, diverticulum and others are covered as they relate to urinary incontinence. The challenging topic of ‘recurrence’ is also addressed. 120 illustrations, most of them in color, enhance the text.
Urogynecology in Primary Care
Urogynecology in Primary Care provides a clear and concise resource for primary care providers interested in the most rapidly growing area of women’s healthcare: urogynecology and female pelvic health. It offers an approachable, yet in-depth reference on the core topics—female incontinence, pelvic prolapse, pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction—specifically tailored to clinicians without formal surgical or specialty training. These complex subjects are distilled into a clinically useful guide, providing primary care providers with all of the tools necessary to begin managing these conditions in a cost-effective and time-efficient way.
Urogynecology : Evidence-Based Clinical Practice
Urogynecology: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice is written in easily understood language, giving the practical elements of urinary incontinence and prolapse. The book avoids the depths of research detail, common to the large texts, and summarizes practical patient management based upon available evidence and the author’s own clinical experience, indicating controversial areas where there is insufficient evidence.
Universal principles of architecture : 100 architectural archetypes, methods, conditions, relationships and imaginaries
Illustrates in 100 concepts the importance, possibilities, challenges, and roles that architecture plays in shaping the world. This radical and perhaps surprising survey is divided into five sections: Archetypes, Methods, Conditions, Relationships, and Imaginaries. And, each of the five sections in the book introduces in 20 principles architecture at different scales and stages of the design process.Through an inclusive and holistic approach, the book refers to initial design ideas, creative design approaches, reflections on the effects of the built and destroyed environments, and architectural desires and aspirations to transform the world and engage with the cosmos.
Understand, Manage, and Measure Cyber Risk : Practical Solutions for Creating a Sustainable Cyber Program
Provides tools and methods in a straight-forward practical manner to guide the management of your cybersecurity program and helps practitioners pull cyber from a “technical” problem to a “business risk management” problem, equipping you with a simple approach to understand, manage, and measure cyber risk for your enterprise. You will learn: Educate the executives/board on what you are doing to reduce risk / Communicate the value of cybersecurity programs and investments through insightful risk-informative metrics / Know your key performance indicators (KPIs), key risk indicators (KRIs), and/or objectives and key results / Prioritize appropriate resources through identifying program-related gaps / Lay down the foundational components of a program based on real examples, including pitfalls to avoid
