الصفحة 8
الصفحة 8
Urban ecology : An international perspective on the interaction between humans and nature
Urban Ecology is the study of ecosystems that include humans living in cities and urbanizing landscapes. This book presents important papers in the field of Urban Ecology that both set the foundations for the discipline and to illustrate modern approaches, from a variety of perspectives and regions of the world.
Uranium in the Environment : Mining Impact and Consequences
Uranium is an element to be found ubiquitous in rock, soil, and water. Uranium concentrations in natural ground water can be more than several hundreds µg/l without impact from mining, nuclear industry, and fertilizers. Considering the WHO recommendation for drinking water of 15 µg/l (has been as low as 2 µg/l before) due to the chemical toxicity of uranium the element uranium has become an important issue in environmental research. Besides natural enrichment of uranium in aquifers uranium mining and milling activities, further uranium processing to nuclear fuel, emissions form burning coal and oil, and the application of uranium containing phosphate fertilizers may enrich the natural uranium concentrations in soil and water by far.
Updates on caries management in the primary and permanent dentition
Provides the reader with the latest updates on caries management in primary and permanent dentition. This Special Issue contains articles presenting innovative approaches, high-quality clinical, epidemiological, and dental public health research, and translational research in the field of caries management. Focuses include aspects of preventive, non-invasive, minimally invasive, and operative dentistry in children and adults. Primarily, clinical trials are looking, for example, at the use of silver (diamine) fluoride. Interestingly, this product seems to be experiencing a renaissance, leading to an expanded treatment spectrum, especially in pediatric dentistry. Alternatively, non-clinical study types demonstrate the facets of current research in cariology that aim to produce a large body of evidence, such as systematic reviews, or focus on possible clinical implications, such as decision-making in caries management. As a result, readers with both scientific and clinical backgrounds can gain important recent insights into various aspects of cariology from this reprint.
Unsaturated Soils : Numerical and Theoretical Approaches ; Proceedings of the International Conference "From Experimental Evidence towards Numerical Modeling of Unsaturated Soils", Weimar, Germany, September 18-19, 2003
Includes the Proceedings of the International Conference ISSMGE uniting researchers and practitioners in geotechnical engineering on a single platform and discussing the problems associated with unsaturated soils. The objectives of the International Conference were: (a) to promote unsaturated soil mechanics for practical application, (b) to exchange experiences in experimental unsaturated soil mechanics and numerical modelling, (c) to discuss application of unsaturated soil mechanics to a variety of problems. The conference was additionally a status report in the frame of the DFG research group "Mechanics of Unsaturated Soils".
Unloved Bull Markets : Getting Rich the Easy Way by Riding Bull Markets
Your empowerment tool to consistently winning in the stock market In Unloved Bull Markets: Getting Rich the Easy Way by Riding Bull Markets, a seasoned, award-winning professional money manager delivers an eye-opening and insightful take on a frequently overlooked—and critically important—investing strategy.
University and school collaborations during a pandemic : Sustaining educational opportunity and reinventing education
Based on twenty case studies of universities worldwide, and on a survey administered to leaders in 101 universities, this open access book shows that, amidst the significant challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, universities found ways to engage with schools to support them in sustaining educational opportunity. In doing so, they generated considerable innovation, which reinforced the integration of the research and outreach functions of the university. The evidence suggests that universities are indeed open systems, in interaction with their environment, able to discover changes that can influence them and to change in response to those changes. They are also able, in the success of their efforts to mitigate the educational impact of the pandemic, to create better futures, as the result of the innovations they can generate.
Universality of Nonclassical Nonlinearity : Applications to Non-Destructive Evaluations and Ultrasonics
Comes as a result of the research work developed in the framework of two international projects: the European Science Foundation supported program NATEMIS (Nonlinear Acoustic Techniques for Micro-Scale Damage Diagnostics) and a Los Alamos-based international network. The main topics of both the programs and the book cover the phenomenology, theory and applications of Nonclassical Nonlinearity (NCNL). NCNL techniques have been found in recent years to be extremely powerful (up to 1000 times more than the corresponding linear techniques) in a wide range of applications, including Material Characterization, Ultrasonics, Geophysics and Maintenance and Restoration of artifacts. These techniques are being adopted as the main inspection and research tool in another European program: AERONEWS (Health monitoring of aircraft by nonlinear elastic wave propagation).
Universal principles of architecture : 100 architectural archetypes, methods, conditions, relationships and imaginaries
Illustrates in 100 concepts the importance, possibilities, challenges, and roles that architecture plays in shaping the world. This radical and perhaps surprising survey is divided into five sections: Archetypes, Methods, Conditions, Relationships, and Imaginaries. And, each of the five sections in the book introduces in 20 principles architecture at different scales and stages of the design process.Through an inclusive and holistic approach, the book refers to initial design ideas, creative design approaches, reflections on the effects of the built and destroyed environments, and architectural desires and aspirations to transform the world and engage with the cosmos.
Universal Design : Creating Inclusive Environments
Introduces designers to the principles and practice of designing for all people. From the foundations of accessibility and aging to the practice of designing interiors, products, housing and transportation systems, all aspects of this growing field are explored. Covering best practices examples to demonstrate the value of universal design as both a survey of the field and reference for researchers, Universal Design is sure to be constantly at the fingertips of all types of designers.
Universal access in human-computer interaction : Ambient interaction ; 4th International Conference on universal access in human-computer interaction, UAHCI 2007, Held as Part of HCI International 2007, Beijing,China, July 22-27, 2007, Proceedings, Part II
Contains papers in the thematic area of Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, addressing the following major topics: Intelligent Ambients / Access to the Physical Environment, Mobility and Transportation / Virtual and Augmented Environments / Interaction Techniques and Devices
Universal Access in Health Telematics : A Design Code of Practice
Information Society for All (IS4ALL) is devoted to consolidating and codifying available knowledge of universal access in the context of health telematics in a principled way. This book reports the most representative findings of the IS4ALL Consortium towards establishing a validated code of universal access practice in health informatics.
United States and European Union Auditor Independence Regulation : Implications for Regulators and Auditing Practice
There is a difference in the communication and safeguarding effects of a regulation, depending on the precision of its wording. Findings of her second experiment show that safeguarding effects also depend on auditors' monetary incentives and on perceived costs of litigation. The author also tests the effectiveness of a transparency report which is proposed by the European Union. The most important safeguards (policies and procedures) are perceived to be quality assurance, internal quality controls and independence practice and compliance.
Unique Environmentalism : A Comparative Perspective
This book explains and demonstrates how the Norwegian case of environmentalism is unique. The two connected anomalies of an inclusive and state friendly society and a strong orientation and commitment to local communities make the case stand apart from mainstream international definitions of environmentalism.The authors study a specific political culture with a rather unique combination of state structure and civil society of which organized environmentalism is an important part. The political culture influences organizational form and organizational ideology as well as the way these organistions are linked to and interact with the goverment.
Unemployment Insurance and Non-Standard Employment : Four European Countries in Comparison
The importance of non-standard employment forms has increased over the last decades. Janine Leschke addresses two important questions in this regard. First, do workers with part-time and temporary contracts face greater risks of becoming unemployed than those with regular contracts? Secondly, how far are they disadvantaged in terms of access to and level of unemployment benefits? The author compares the design of unemployment benefit systems in Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. After discussing the development and role of non-standard employment in these countries, she examines the relevant features of unemployment insurance systems such as hours and earning thresholds and minimum contribution requirements. Her empirical analysis shows that non-standard workers are more likely to become unemployed or inactive and are disadvantaged in their entitlements to unemployment benefits.
Une politique mondiale pour Nourrir le monde = A global policy to feed the world
Hunger has not disappeared, and it could even spread if humanity does indeed reach nine billion people by mid-century. It is not certain that the world can feed itself. International experts negotiating within the framework of the WTO are convinced that the continued public support for agriculture in certain countries is the main current obstacle to the development of the poorest nations. The idea seems obvious, but that doesn't make it true. For it to be true, agricultural products would have to be produced and traded within sustainable systems.
Understanding society and natural eesources : Forging new strands of integration across the social sciences
In this edited open access book leading scholars from different disciplinary backgrounds wrestle with social science integration opportunities and challenges. This book explores the growing concern of how best to achieve effective integration of the social science disciplines as a means for furthering natural resource social science and environmental problem solving. The chapters provide an overview of the history, vision, advances, examples, and methods that could lead to integration.
Understanding Sleep and Dreaming
Although sleep has been the subject of serious study for several decades, there has not been available an integrated, introductory text for more than ten years. Understanding Sleep and Dreaming fills this need with complete coverage of all aspects of sleep, dreaming, and sleep disorders, and is comprehensible as well as comprehensive. In accessible language, this text reviews the basic physiological mechanisms of sleep and the intertwined psychological ramifications. Most important, it is up-to-date, containing the latest information on the influence of orexin/hypocretin, nocturnal eating syndrome, the local cell theory of sleep, the effects of sleep deprivation, and the advantages of delaying school start times for teenagers.
Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy : Multidisciplinary Methods and Tools for a Low Carbon Society
This book analyzes and seeks to consolidate the use of robust quantitative tools and qualitative methods for the design and assessment of energy and climate policies. In particular, it examines energy and climate policy performance and associated risks, as well as public acceptance and portfolio analysis in climate policy, and presents methods for evaluating the costs and benefits of flexible policy implementation as well as new framings for business and market actors. In turn, it discusses the development of alternative policy pathways and the identification of optimal switching points, drawing on concrete examples to do so. Lastly, it discusses climate change mitigation policies’ implications for the agricultural, food, building, transportation, service and manufacturing sectors.
Understanding Planning Tasks : Domain Complexity and Heuristic Decomposition
Action planning has always played a central role in Artificial Intelligence. Given a description of the current situation, a description of possible actions and a description of the goals to be achieved, the task is to identify a sequence of actions, i.e., a plan that transforms the current situation into one that satisfies the goal description. The book contains an exhaustive analysis of the computational complexity of the benchmark problems that have been used in the past decade, namely the standard benchmark domains of the International Planning Competitions (IPC). At the same time, it contributes to the practice of solving planning tasks by presenting a powerful new approach to heuristic planning. The author also provides an in-depth analysis of so-called routing and transportation problems.
Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics : Foundations, Applications, Frontiers
Our time is characterized by an explosion of information and by an accel- ation of knowledge. A book cannot compete with the huge amount of data available on the Web. However, to assimilate all this information, it is n- essary to structure our knowledge in a useful conceptual framework. The purpose of the present work is to provide such a structure for students and researchers interested by the current state of the art of non-equilibrium th- modynamics. The main features of the book are a concise and critical pres- tation of the basic ideas, illustrated by a series of examples, selected not only for their pedagogical value but also for the perspectives o?ered by recent technological advances. This book is aimed at students and researchers in physics, chemistry, engineering, material sciences, and biology. We have been guided by two apparently antagonistic objectives: gener- ity and simplicity. To make the book accessible to a large audience of n- specialists, we have decided about a simpli?ed but rigorous presentation. Emphasis is put on the underlying physical background without sacri?cing mathematical rigour, the several formalisms being illustrated by a list of - amplesandproblems.
