الصفحة 5
الصفحة 5
Microscopy Techniques
Light Microscopy has returned to fashion through the synergy of green fluorescent protein and a clutch of techniques involving some permutation of lasers, mathematics and acronyms, which offer the prospect of watching biological molecules at work inside living cells. This volume provides an introduction to these techniques … . this volume will be a longer-term reference for anyone who wants to understand how these methods actually work. In this respect it is excellent.
Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 2007 ; Proceedings of the 15th Conference, 2-5 April 2007, Cambridge, UK
The conference focused upon the most recent advances in the study of the structural and electronic properties of semiconducting materials by the application of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and X-ray-based methods. Conference sessions concentrated on key topics including state-of-the-art studies in high resolution imaging and analytical electron microscopy, advanced scanning probe microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam applications, novel epitaxial layer phenomena, the properties of quantum nanostructures, III-nitride developments, GeSi/Si for advanced devices, metal-semiconductor contacts and silicides and the important effects of critical device processing treatments.
Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials ; Proceedings of the 14th Conference, April 11-14, 2005, Oxford, UK
This is a long-established international biennial conference series, organised in conjunction with the Royal Microscopical Society, Oxford, the Institute of Physics, London and the Materials Research Society, USA. The 14th conference in the series focused on the most recent advances in the study of the structural and electronic properties of semiconducting materials by the application of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The latest developments in the use of other important microcharacterisation techniques were also covered and included the latest work using scanning probe microscopy and also X-ray topography and diffraction. Developments in materials science and technology covering the complete range of elemental and compound semiconductors are described in this volume.
Microorganisms in Foods 6 : Microbial Ecology of Food Commodities
The second edition of Microorganisms in Foods 6: Microbial Ecology of Food Commodities is intended for those primarily in applied aspects of food microbiology. For 17 commodity areas it describes the initial microbial flora and the prevalence of pathogens, the microbiological consequences of processing, typical spoilage patterns, episodes implicating those commodities with foodborne illness, and measures to control pathogens and limit spoilage. The control measures are presented in a standardized format in line with international developments in risk management. A comprehensive index has also been added.
Micromanufacturing and Nanotechnology
Micromanufacturing and Nanotechnology is an emerging technological infrastructure and process that involves manufacturing of products and systems at the micro and nano scale levels. Development of micro and nano scale products and systems are underway due to the reason that they are faster, accurate and less expensive. Moreover, the basic functional units of such systems possesses remarkable mechanical, electronic and chemical properties compared to the macro-scale counterparts. Since this infrastructure has already become the prefered choice for the design and development of next generation products and systems it is now necessary to disseminate the conceptual and practical phenomenological know-how in a broader context. This book incorporates a selection of research and development papers. Its scope is the history and background, underlynig design methodology, application domains and recent developments.
Microlithography/Molecular Imprinting
The series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and material science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered.Molecular recognition is central to how biological systems work. The molecular imprinting technique is a valuable polymerisation method for preparing synthetic materials able to mimic the molecular recognition phenomena present in living systems. A molecule that acts as a template is associated with functional monomers to form a complex by means of covalent linkages or noncovalent interactions. A polymerisation-crosslinking reaction is then performed around this complex. Upon removal of the template species, functionalised cavities, that have memorized the special features and bonding preferences of the template, are left inside the polymer network.
Microcontrollers in Practice
Stressing common characteristics and real applications of the most used microcontrollers, this practical guide provides readers with hands-on knowledge of how to implement three families of microcontrollers (HC11, AVR, and 8051). Unlike the rest of the ocean of literature on individual chips, Microcontrollers in Practice supplieS side-by-side comparisons and an overview that treats the systems as resources available for implementation. Packed with hundred of practical examples and exercises to foster mastery of concepts and details, the guide also includes several extended projects. By treating the less expensive 8-bit and RISC microcontrollers, this information-dense manual equips students and home-experimenters with the know-how to put these devices into operation.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion : An Engineering Insight
Microbiologically-influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the greatest mysteries of corrosion science and engineering, due to the complexities resulting from the involvement of living things such as bacteria. Bacteria are not only able to affect our health, but are also capable of impacting upon everyday life through a wide range of industrial sectors and the economy. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: An Engineering Insight introduces a new approach to the basics of MIC and explains how to recognise, understand, mitigate and/or prevent this type of corrosion. Topics explored include stress corrosion cracking and microbial corrosion, the pros and cons of biocides, the involvement of magnetic bacteria in microbial corrosion, and a new interpretation of cathodic protection based on recent research in microbial environments.
Microbial Processing of Metal Sulfides
The application of microbiological methods to the extraction of metals from minerals has definitely gained a prominent role and is supported by the several bioleaching and biooxidation processes operating in different sites over the world. In recent years new techniques and new results about proteomic and bioinformatics are bringing a new perspective on the microbial processes.This book focuses on the basic aspects of the process with special emphasis on recent contributions regarding the chemical and microbial aspects of the bioleaching process and the use of microorganisms in the treatment of complex ores and concentrates.
Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices
Nanoscale and nanostructured materials have exhibited different physical properties from the corresponding macroscopic coarse-grained materials due to the size confinement. As a result, there is a need for new techniques to probe the mechanical behavior of advanced materials on the small scales. Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices presents the latest advances in the techniques of mechanical testing on the micro- and nanoscales, which are necessary for characterizing the mechanical properties of low-dimensional materials and structures.
Metathesis Polymerization
Clearly illustrated and demonstrated by the entire series of Advances in Polymer Science., the area of polymer science is a rapidly developing and growing field, strongly influencing other areas of chemistry. Among other polymerization techniques, those based on metathesis polymerization have experienced significant progress. With a rapidly developing armory of initiators on hand, one is now capable of polymerizing various types of functional monomers by metathesis-based techniques.The latest developments in all these areas of metathesis-based polymerizations are summarized in this book. It is designed to attract equally students and advanced scientists working in the areas of polymer science, physical, and organometallic chemistry by providing both extensive background information and up-to-date interdisciplinary knowledge. Special consideration has been given to the literature sections in order to facilitate further reading.
Metathesis Chemistry : From Nanostructure Design to Synthesis of Advanced Materials
Recently, an important scientific event in metathesis chemistry, the NATO-Advanced Study Institute New Frontiers in Metathesis Chemistry: From Nanostructure Design to Sustainable Technologies for . Synthesis of Advanced Materials was organized in Antalya, Turkey (September 4-16, 2006). Prominent scientists, young researchers and students, convened for two weeks to debate on the newest trends in olefin metathesis and identify future perspectives in this fascinating field of synthetic organic, organometallic and polymer chemistry with diverse potential applications in materials science and technology. Following the fruitful practice of the previous NATO ASI meetings, selected contributions comprising plenary lectures, short communications and posters are compiled in this special volume dedicated to this outstanding international scientific meeting.
Metallopolymer Nanocomposites
Highly dispersed nanoscale particles in polymer matrices are currently attracting great interest in many fields of chemistry, physics and materials science. This book presents and analyzes the essential data on nanoscale metal clusters dispersed in, or chemically bonded with polymers. Special attention is paid to the in situ synthesis of the nanocomposites, their chemical interactions, and the size and distribution of the particles in the polymer matrix. Numerous novel nanocomposites are described with regard to their mechanical, electrophysical, optical, magnetic, catalytic and biological properties. Their applications, present and future, are outlined. The book is addressed both to researchers who actively use these materials and to students entering this multidisciplinary field.
Metallocenes in Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis
Metallocene is a well known sandwich complex with two cyclopentadienyl ligands such as ferrocene. Recently, such metallocene compounds have been found to be very characteristic and they have become very important, not only in the area of organic synthesis, but also in polymerization in industry. Metal complexes with one cyclopentadienyl ligand have also become popular as half sandwich complexes. The number of researchers in the field of metallocenes has increased rapidly. However, the origin of the characteristic reactivity of metallocenes is not fully understood. In this volume, the chemistry of metal complexes with at least one cyclopentadienyl ligand is comprehensively covered by leading experts. Reactions discussed here are (i) natural product synthesis, (ii) catalytic asymmetric synthesis, (iii) cyclization reactions, (iv)catalytic reactions, (iv) polymerization reactions and (v) carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions. The reader will have access to useful information about the current state of metallocene chemistry.
Metal-Catalysed Reactions of Hydrocarbons
This unique book, drawing on the author’s lifetime experience, critically evaluates the extensive literature on the field of Metal-Catalysed Reactions of Hydrocarbons. Emphasis is placed on reaction mechanisms involving hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, skeletal and positional isomerisation, and exchange reactions. The motivation for fundamental research in heterogeneous catalysis is to identify the physicochemical characteristics of active centres for the reaction being studied, to learn how these may be modified or manipulated to improve the desired behavior of the catalyst, and to recognize and control those aspects of the catalyst's structure that limit its overall performance. By restricting the subject of the book to hydrocarbons, Bond has progressively developed the subject matter to include areas of importance both to researchers and to those working in the industry.
Metal Matrix Composites
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have become real engineering materials. MMCs have gone from "niche" materials to several high performance applications in aerospace, electronic packaging, automotive, and recreational products. This text focuses on the synergistic relationships among processing, microstructure, and properties of metal matrix composites. An introductory chapter is followed by a chapter each on reinforcements and common matrix materials. A chapter on the very important topic of processing of MMC is then presented. This is followed by a chapter on interfaces in MMCs, their characterization and techniques to obtain interfacial properties. Next there are chapters on monotonic mechanical and physical properties; followed by cyclic fatigue, creep, and wear resistance. We conclude with a chapter on applications of MMCs. The book is well-suited for upper level undergraduate students, graduate students, and as general source of reference on the subject for the professionals in the field.
Metal Catalyzed Reductive C-C Bond Formation : A Departure from Preformed Organometallic Reagents
The prototypical catalytic reductive C–C bond formations, the Fischer-Tropsch reaction [1] and alkene hydroformylation [2], were discovered in 1922 and 1938, respectively [3,4]. These processes, which involve reductive coupling to carbon monoxide, have long been applied to the industrial manufacture of commodity chemicals [5]. Notably, alkene hydroformylation, also known as the oxo-synthesis, has emerged as the largest volume application of homogeneous metal catalysis, accounting for the production of over 7 million metrictons of aldehyde annually. Despite the impact of these prototypical reductive C–C bond formations, this field of research lay fallow for several decades.
Metal Catalyzed Cascade Reactions
Transition metal-catalyzed cascade reactions are an elegant approach to complex molecular scaffolds. Besides their esthetics and increase in structural complexity, they have also become mechanistic challenges for the combination of organometallic elementary steps. As a consequence, cascade reactions have revolutionized synthetic strategies and conceptual thinking. The authors highlight cyclization via carbopalladation and acylpalladation and Heck-pericyclic sequences. They discuss p-allyl palladium-based cascade reactions, Michael-type additions as an entry to transition-metal-promoted cyclizative transformations, and sequential or consecutive palladium-catalyzed processes, and show Pauson-Khand cascades, metal-catalyzed cyclizations of acyclic precursors, as well as cascade and sequential ruthenium-catalyzed transformations. Therefore, the reader finds overview of an exciting and highly dynamic field of a new and innovative methodological concept
Metal Catalysed Reactions in Ionic Liquids
Metal Catalysed Reactions in Ionic Liquids is the first non-edited book on the subject of metal catalysed reactions in ionic liquids and covers the literature from its origins until early 2005.The book begins with a general introduction to the field of biphasic/multiphasic catalysis and describes the synthesis, functionalisation and fundamental properties of ionic liquids relevant to catalysis.This book is an invaluable resource for all those working in catalysis, green chemistry, and advanced synthetic methods,
MEMS/NEMS : (1) Handbook Techniques and Applications Design Methods, (2) Fabrication Techniques, (3) Manufacturing Methods, (4) Sensors and Actuators, (5) Medical Applications and MOEMS
Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate. While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) process sequences (e.g., CMOS, Bipolar, or BICMOS processes),the micromechanical components are fabricated using compatible micromachining processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices. MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon-based microelectronics with micromachining technology, thereby, making possible the realization of complete systems-on-a-chip.
