الصفحة 44
الصفحة 44
Constraint solving and language processing
Contains selected and thoroughly revised papers plus contributions from invited speakers presented at the First International Workshop on C- straint Solving and Language Processing, held in Roskilde, Denmark, September 1–3, 2004. Constraint Programming and Constraint Solving, in particular Constraint Logic Programming, appear to be a very promising platform, perhaps the most promising present platform, for bringing forward the state of the art in natural language processing, this due to the naturalness in speci?cation and the direct relation to e?cient implementation. Language, in the present context, may - fer to written and spoken language, formal and semiformal language, and even general input data to multimodal and pervasive systems, which can be handled in very much the same ways using constraint programming. The notion of constraints, with slightly differing meanings, apply in the characterization of linguistic and cognitive phenomena, in formalized linguistic m- els as well as in implementation-oriented frameworks. Programming techniques for constraint solving have been, and still are, in a period with rapid devel- ment of new eficient methods and paradigms from which language processing can prompt. A common metaphor for human language processing is one big c- straint solving process in which the differently specified linguistic and cognitive phases take place in parallel and with mutual cooperation, which ?ts quite well with current constraint programming paradigms.
Constitutional law : Model problems and outstanding answers
Constitutional law is one of the most engaging and yet challenging first year law classes. At the confluence of history, politics, legal theory, and judicial review, it requires students to learn a new framework for legal interpretation and thought unique from other areas of law. For the first time, Oxford University Press equips students with an accessible guide to acing these challenging constitutional law exams.
Constituents of Modern System-safety Thinking
Constituents of Modern System-safety Thinking contains the invited papers presented at the Thirteenth annual Safety-critical Systems Symposium, held at Southampton, UK in February 2005. The papers included in this volume bring together topics that are of the utmost importance in current safety thinking. The core of modern safety thinking and practice is a risk-based approach, and, this is not only a common thread running throughout the papers, but is also explored in two of them. Other themes considered include the safety case, safety assessment, accident investigation, and the commonality between the processes and techniques employed in safety and security engineering. Papers contain extensive industrial experience as well as recent academic research and are presented under the headings: Independent Safety Assessment, Safety and Security, Accident Investigation, Risk and its Tolerability, Achieving and Arguing the Safety of Modular Systems, and Technologies for Dependability.
Conducting Quantitative Research In Education
provides a clear and straightforward guide for all those seeking to conduct quantitative research in the field of education, using primary research data samples. While positioned as less powerful and somehow inferior, non-parametric tests can be very useful where the research can only be designed to accommodate data structure which is ordinal, or scale but violates a normality assumption, which is required for parametric tests. Non-parametric data are a staple of educational research, and as such, it is essential that educational researchers learn how to work with these data with confidence and rigour.
Concrete materials and technology : A practical guide
Demands an underlying knowledge of concrete fundamentals as well as its constituent materials, and in various formulations. Starting with the basics, Concrete Materials and Technology: A Practical Guide examines the production and chemistry of cement, as well as the different types and their applications. Quality control processes and numerous methods for testing are presented and explained in detail.
Concrete - filled steel tubular arch bridges
Discusses the features of composite materials and arch structures. Providing an in-depth fundamental and practical guide to the field, it systemically addresses all aspects of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridges, including a comprehensive overview on technical developments, structural systems, structural detailing, design and analysis, construction technology, and maintenance.
Concise Guide to Quantum Computing : Algorithms, Exercises, and Implementations
This textbook is intended for practical, laboratory sessions associated with the course of quantum computing and quantum algorithms, as well as for self-study. It contains basic theoretical concepts and methods for solving basic types of problems and gives an overview of basic qubit operations, entangled states, quantum circuits, implementing functions, quantum Fourier transform, phase estimation, etc. The book serves as a basis for the application of new information technologies in education and corporate technical training: theoretical material and examples of practical problems, as well as exercises with, in most cases, detailed solutions, have relation to information technologies. A large number of detailed examples serve to better develop professional competencies in computer science.
Conceptual Structures : Knowledge Visualization and Reasoning; 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2008 Toulouse, France, July 7-11, 2008 Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2008, held in Toulouse, France, in July 2008.
Conceptual Structures : Inspiration and Application ; 14th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2006, Aalborg, Denmark, July 16-21, 2006, Proceedings
th The 14 International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 2006) was held in Aalborg, Denmark during July 16 – 21, 2006. Responding to the Call for Papers, we received 62 papers from 20 different countries, representing six different continents. This clearly indicates the international nature of the ICCS community as well as the widespread interest which was spawned by the previous conferences.
Conceptual Modeling - ER 2007 ; 26th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, Auckland, New Zealand, November 5-9, 2007, Proceedings
Conceptual modeling is fundamental to the development of complex systems, because it provides the key communication means between systems developers, end-users and customers.Conceptua lmodeling provides languages,methods and tools to understand and represent the application domain;to elicitate,concepalize and formalize system requirements and user needs;to communicate systems designs to all stakeholders; to formally verify and validate system designs on high levels of abstractions; and to minimize ambiguities in system development. Initially, conceptual modeling mainly addressed data-intensive information s- tems and contributed to data modeling and database application engineering. The area of conceptual modeling has now matured to encompass all kinds of application areas such as e-applications (including e-business and e-learning), web-based systems (including the semantic web and ubiquitous systems), life science and geographic applications.
Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology
This book presents novel theoretical, empirical and experimental work exploring the nature of mental representations that support natural language production and understanding, and other manifestations of cognition. One fundamental question raised in the text is whether requisite knowledge structures can be adequately modeled by means of a uniform representational format, and if so, what exactly is its nature. Frames are a key topic covered which have had a strong impact on the exploration of knowledge representations in artificial intelligence, psychology and linguistics; cascades are a novel development in frame theory. Other key subject areas explored are: concepts and categorization, the experimental investigation of mental representation, as well as cognitive analysis in semantics. This book is of interest to students, researchers, and professionals working on cognition in the fields of linguistics, philosophy, and psychology.
Concepts in action : Representation, learning, and application
This book is a timely contribution in presenting recent issues, approaches, and results that are not only central to the highly interdisciplinary field of concept research but also particularly important to newly emergent paradigms and challenges. The contributors present a unique, holistic picture for the understanding and use of concepts from a wide range of fields including cognitive science, linguistics, philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. The chapters focus on three distinct points of view that lie at the core of concept research: representation, learning, and application. The contributions present a combination of theoretical, experimental, computational, and applied methods that appeal to students and researchers working in these fields.
Concept Lattices and Their Applications ; Fourth International Conference, CLA 2006 Tunis, Tunisia, October 30-November 1, 2006 Selected Papers
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Concept Lattices and their Applications, CLA 2006, held in Tunis, Tunisia, October 30-November 1, 2006.
Computing Meaning : Vol.3
This book provides an in-depth view of the current issues, problems and approaches in the computation of meaning as expressed in language. Aimed at linguists, computer scientists, and logicians with an interest in the computation of meaning, this book focuses on two main topics in recent research in computational semantics. The first topic is the definition and use of underspecified semantic representations, i.e. formal structures that represent part of the meaning of a linguistic object while leaving other parts unspecified. The second topic discussed is semantic annotation. Annotated corpora have become an indispensable resource both for linguists and for developers of language and speech technology, especially when used in combination with machine learning methods. The annotation in corpora has only marginally addressed semantic information, however, since semantic annotation methodologies are still in their infancy. This book discusses the development and application of such methodologies.
Computer-Aided Highway Engineering
Aimed at developing professional knowledge in the field of highway engineering with adequate skills in planning, designing and implementation of the highway project with an exposure of hands on training of computer software in designing the worldwide road infrastructures. It discusses Digital Terrain Model (DTM) using satellite data including highway geometric, pavement and tunnel design, supported by relevant tutorials. Quantity estimation, cost estimation and production of various types of construction drawings are described in detail with theory and tutorials backed by real project data. Recognizes the role of information and computer technology in various aspects of highway design. Reviews different tasks for feasibility studies and DPR with software applications. Explores topographic survey, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and highway geometrics and, pavement and drainage design. Discusses project estimations for various revisions of the engineering work. Includes HEADS Pro along with chapter wise tutorials containing design and field data, tutorial guides and various tutorial videos.
Computer-aided drug design
Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) is a comprehensive guide designed for both beginners and experienced users in CADD. Covers the fundamental principles and gradually delves into more advanced concepts and techniques, making it an invaluable resource to anyone interested in CADD. It begins by establishing a solid foundation, explaining the core concepts of CADD, the user interface and essential tools. It covers QSAR, molecular docking, homology modeling, virtual screening, pharmacophore modeling, ensuring that the reader can quickly become proficient in CADD. Provides in-depth insights into 3D modeling, rendering, and parametric design. The style of the book is simple, every topic begins from the very basics and explores advanced levels with clarity. Practical examples, step-by-step tutorials and hands-on exercises, are included for better understanding.
Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces V ; Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces CADUI '06 (6-8 June 2006, Bucharest, Romania)
Today, the development life cycle of 3D User Interfaces (UIs) mostly remains an art more than a principled-based approach. Several methods [1,3,7,8,9,10,11,15,17,18,19] have been introduced to decompose this life cycle into steps and sub-steps, but these methods rarely provide the design knowledge that should be typically used for achieving each step. In addition, the development life cycle is more focusing directly on the programming - sues than on the design and analysis phases. This is sometimes reinforced by the fact that available tools for 3D UIs are toolkits, interface builders, r- dering engines, etc. When there is such a development life cycle defined, it is typically structured into the following set of activities: 1. The conceptual phase is characterized by the identification of the content and interaction requests. The meta-author discusses with the interface designer to take advantage of the current interaction technology. The int- face designer receives information about the content. The result of this phase is the production of UI schemes (e. g. , written sentences, visual schemes on paper) for defining classes of interactive experiences (e. g. , class Guided tour). Conceptual schemes are produced both for the final users and the authors. The meta-author has a deep knowledge of the c- tent domain and didactic skills too. He/she communicates with the final user too, in order to focus on didactic aspects of interaction. 2.
Computer science : Theory and applications ; 15th International computer science symposium in Russia, CSR 2020, Yekaterinburg, Russia, June 29 – July 3, 2020, Proceedings
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 15th International Computer Science Symposium in Russia, CSR 2020, held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in June 2020. The 25 full papers and 6 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. The papers cover a broad range of topics, such as: algorithms and data structures; computational complexity, including hardness of approximation and parameterized complexity; randomness in computing, approximation algorithms, fixed-parameter algorithms; combinatorial optimization, constraint satisfaction, operations research; computational geometry; string algorithms; formal languages and automata, including applications to computational linguistics; codes and cryptography; combinatorics in computer science; computational biology; applications of logic to computer science, proof complexity; database theory; distributed computing; fundamentals of machine learning, including learning theory, grammatical inference and neural computing; computational social choice; quantum computing and quantum cryptography; theoretical aspects of big data.
Computer Processing of Oriental Languages. Beyond the Orient : The Research Challenges Ahead ; 21st International Conference, ICCPOL 2006, Singapore, December 17-19, 2006, Proceedings
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, ICCPOL 2006.The papers are organized in topical sections on information retrieval, document classification, questions and answers, summarization, machine translation, word segmentation, chunking, abbreviation expansion, writing-system issues, parsing, semantics, and lexical resources.
Computer Algebra Recipes : An Introductory Guide to the Mathematical Models of Science
Computer algebra systems are revolutionizing the teaching, the learning, and the exploration of science. Not only can students and researchers work through mathematical models more efficiently and with fewer errors than with pencil and paper, they can also easily explore, both analytically and numerically, more complex and computationally intensive models. Aimed at science and engineering undergraduates at the sophomore/junior level, this introductory guide to the mathematical models of science is filled with examples from a wide variety of disciplines, including biology, economics, medicine, engineering, game theory, mathematics, physics, and chemistry.
