الصفحة 31
الصفحة 31
Growth Dynamics of Conifer Tree Rings : Images of Past and Future Environments
Each tree ring contains an image of the time when the ring formed, projected onto the ring's size, structure, and composition. Tree rings thus are natural archives of past environments, and contain records of past climate. While dendrochronologists have investigated the impact of climate on tree-ring growth by empirical–statistical methods, this volume presents a process-based model complementing previous approaches. Basic ideas concerning the biology of tree-ring growth and its control by environmental factors are treated, especially for conifers. The use of the model is illustrated by means of several examples from widely differing environments, and possible future directions for model development and application are discussed. The volume provides an improved mechanistic basis for the interpretation of tree rings as records of past climate. It advances process understanding of the large-scale environmental control of wood growth. As forests are the main carbon sink on land, the results are of great importance for all global change studies.
Growing Plantation Forests
Plantation forests are grown to supply wood and to provide environmental benefits, such as waste disposal, rehabilitation of degraded sites, enhancement of regional biodiversity and reduction of logging in native forests. In a highly readable fashion, this book describes the scientific principles which are used throughout the world to ensure rapid, healthy plantation growth. It is written for a world-wide audience, from forestry professionals and scientists through to small plantation growers, to describe how plantations may be grown responsibly and profitably.
Growing Food : A guide to food production
This specialist handbook is intended as a quick and easy reference guide for individuals and organisations that are involved with the production of food, from both agriculture and horticulture. It is designed to be used as a reference book that answers basic questions about how food is produced from plants, and aims to demystify the subject of growing food as far as possible. The focus is firmly on the technical aspects of food crops; animal husbandry, agrochemicals and genetic engineering are only briefly mentioned. The book is divided into three sections: 1. Principles and Practices used in Agriculture and Horticulture; 2. Description and Characteristics of the Main Food Crops; 3. Naming and Classification of Plants, Seed Purchase Procedures, Conversion Tables and Statistics, Planning and Assessing Agricultural Projects.
Groupware : design, implementation, and use ; Vol. 4154 ; 12th International Workshop, CRIWG 2006, Medina del Campo, Spain, September 17-21, 2006, Proceedings
Topical sections include collaborative applications and group interaction, group awareness, computer supported collaborative learning, languages and tools supporting collaboration, groupware development frameworks and toolkits, collaborative workspaces, web-based cooperative environments, mobile collaborative work, and collaborative design.
Grouping Multidimensional Data : Recent Advances in Clustering
Clustering is one of the most fundamental and essential data analysis techniques. Clustering can be used as an independent data mining task to discern intrinsic characteristics of data, or as a preprocessing step with the clustering results then used for classification, correlation analysis, or anomaly detection.
Groupes et algèbres de Lie : Chapitres 7 et 8 = Lie groups and algebras : Chapters 7 and 8
The Mathematics Elements of Nicolas BOURBAKI aim to provide a rigorous, systematic presentation without prerequisites of mathematics from their foundations.
Groupes et algèbres de Lie : Chapitres 2 et 3 = Lie groups and algebras : Chapters 2 and 3
Nicolas BOURBAKI's Elements of Mathematics aim to provide a rigorous, systematic and prerequisite presentation of mathematics from their foundations. Chapter 2 continues the presentation of the fundamental notions of Lie algebras with the introduction of free Lie algebras and the series by Hausdorff. Chapter 3 is devoted to the basic concepts for the groups of Lies on an Archimedean or ultrametric body.
Group rights as human rights : A liberal approach to multiculturalism
Liberal theories have long insisted that cultural diversity in democratic societies can be accommodated through classical liberal tools, in particular through individual rights, and they have often rejected the claims of cultural minorities for group rights as illiberal. Group Rights as Human Rights argues that such a rejection is misguided. Based on a thorough analysis of the concept of group rights, it proposes to overcome the dominant dichotomy between "individual" human rights and "collective" group rights by recognizing that group rights also serve individual interests.
Group Coordination and Cooperative Control
Group coordination and cooperative control are topics currently receiving a lot of interest. Coordinating the motion of a group of relatively simple and inexpensive agents can cover a larger operational area and achieve complex tasks exceeding the abilities of a single agent. This enables applications such as teams of robots for de-mining operations, aerospace formation flying for survey, fleets of AUVs for oceanographic mapping, and ships doing coordinated towing operations. This volume contains the contributions of the workshop. The book covers a wide range of subjects within the area of group coordination and cooperative control, and forms a valuable and up-to-date text on the newer trends in group coordination and cooperative control.
Groundwater Geophysics : A Tool for Hydrogeology
Geophysical techniques can map the underground conditions apart from boreholes. The use of these methods for hydrogeological applications is demonstrated for mapping of porous and structural aquifers, determination of groundwater quality (mineralization), assessment of hydraulic properties, determination of aquifer vulnerability and mapping of contaminated sites. Additionally, a description of geophysical techniques used for groundwater studies is given including seismics, resistivity methods, magnetics, ground penetrating radar and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance).
Groundwater and Ecosystems
Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) frequently exhibit rich biological diversity and can provide enormous economic wealth. In recent years, GDEs in many industrialized countries have shown signs of serious degradation, primarily the result of groundwater abstraction and pollution. Many such systems, including a number of well documented cases in Eastern Europe, are no longer sustainable. As a consequence, the conservation and sustainable management of GDEs has emerged as one of the most urgent environmental research priorities of our time. A large percentage of the world’s population lives in cities and either depends on, or is affected in some way, by groundwater. Moreover, groundwater has become a very important and complex issue that attracts the interest of many diverse stakeholders. Many problems related to groundwater and ecosystems are shared by countries throughout the world and there is growing recognition that much can be gained by co-operation on an international scale.
Grid Computing : Software Environments and Tools
The book provides: • Discussion of software engineering and modelling tools for the Grid • Analysis of issues inherent in enabling distributed computing across the Grid • Consideration of the software engineering support necessary for managing Grid applications • Proposal of a posited software engineering lifecycle to support application development for Grid Environments (along with associated tools). • Identification of novel concepts, methods and tools within Grid computing which can be put to work in the context of existing experiments and application case studies
Grey information : Theory and practical applications
he book covers the latest advances in grey information and systems research, providing a state-of-the-art overview of this important field. Covering the theoretical foundation, fundamental methods and main topics in grey information and systems research, this book includes all the elementary concepts: basic principles, grey numbers and their operations, grey equations and matrices, operators of sequences and generations of grey sequences, grey incidence analysis, grey clusters and grey statistical evaluations, grey systems modeling, grey combined models, grey prediction, grey decisions, grey programming, grey input and output and grey controls, etc.
Greens Functions in Quantum Physics
The main part of this book is devoted to the simplest kind of Green's functions, namely the solutions of linear differential equations with a -function source. It is shown that these familiar Green's functions are a powerful tool for obtaining relatively simple and general solutions of basic problems such as scattering and bound-level information. The bound-level treatment gives a clear physical understanding of "difficult" questions such as superconductivity, the Kondo effect, and, to a lesser degree, disorder-induced localization. The more advanced subject of many-body Green's functions is presented in the last part of the book.
Greening the Supply Chain
Since the Rio summit in 1992, the paradigm of corporate environmental responsibility has gradually and consistently extended beyond complying with increasingly stringent environmental regulation and taking up the proactive initiatives of a few world-class companies. Research indicates that the business and financial performance of companies may depend directly on socially and environmentally responsible business practices. Many world-class companies now realize that customers and other stakeholders do not distinguish between a company and its suppliers. As a result, greening the supply chain is an innovative idea which is fast gaining attention in the industry.
Green Function Theory of Chemisorption
The book provides an introduction to the Green-Function (GF) theory of chemisorption. It is self-contained, and requires only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics. The GF approach lends itself well to the pedagogically desirable modellistic treatment of the subject. Throughout each chapter, step-by-step details are provided by which the calculations are performed, so that readers are led from the simple to the more advanced aspects, in a straightforward manner. In this way, students gain confidence to read the current literature on their own.
Gravitational Lensing : Strong, Weak and Micro : Saas-Fee Advanced Course 33
The up-to-date contributions in this book are based on the lecture notes of the 33rd Saas–Fee Advanced Course of the Swiss Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics, entitled Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak, and Micro. The book comprises four complementary parts, written by leading experts in the field, constituting a genuine textbook about gravitational lensing: • Peter Schneider – Part 1: Introduction to Gravitational Lensing and Cosmology • Christopher Kochanek – Part 2: Strong Gravitational Lensing • Peter Schneider – Part 3: Weak Gravitational Lensing • Joachim Wambsganss – Part 4: Gravitational Microlensing
Graph-theoretic concepts in computer science ; Vol. 4271 ; 32nd International Workshop, WG 2006, Bergen, Norway, June 22-23, 2006, Revised Papers
The workshop aims at uniting theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can be applied to various areas in computer s- ence, or by extracting new problems from applications. The goal is to present recent research results and to identify and explore directions of future research. The talks showed how recent researchresults from algorithmic graph theory can be used in computer science and which graph-theoreticquestions arisefrom new developments in computer science.
Graphics Recognition : TenYears Review and Future Perspectives ; 6th International Workshop, GREC 2005, Hong Kong, China, August 25-26, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
This book contains refereed and improved papers presented at the 6th IAPR Workshop on Graphics Recognition (GREC 2005). This year is the tenth anniversary of GREC, Graphics recognition is a particular field in the domain of document analysis, which combines pattern recognition and image processing techniques for the analysis of any kind of graphical information in documents from either paper or electronic formats. In its 10 year history, the graphics recognition community has extended its research topics from the analysis and understanding of graphic documents (including engineering drawings vectorization and recognition), to graphics-based information retrieval and symbol recognition, to new media analysis, and even stepped into research areas of other communities
Graphics of Large Datasets : Visualizing a Million
Graphics are great for exploring data, but how can they be used for looking at the large datasets that are commonplace to-day? This book shows how to look at ways of visualizing large datasets, whether large in numbers of cases or large in numbers of variables or large in both. Data visualization is useful for data cleaning, exploring data, identifying trends and clusters, spotting local patterns, evaluating modeling output, and presenting results. It is essential for exploratory data analysis and data mining. New approaches to graphics are needed to visualize the information in large datasets and most of the innovations described in this book are developments of standard graphics. There are considerable advantages in extending displays which are well-known and well-tried, both in understanding how best to make use of them in your work and in presenting results to others. It should also make the book readily accessible for readers who already have a little experience of drawing statistical graphics. All ideas are illustrated with displays from analyses of real datasets and the authors emphasize the importance of interpreting displays effectively. Graphics should be drawn to convey information and the book includes many insightful examples.
