الصفحة 2
الصفحة 2
Unifying Themes in Complex Systems ; Vol. IIIB : New Research
This volume contains over 35 papers selected from those presented at the conference on topics including: self-organization in biology, ecological systems, language, economic modeling, ecological systems, artificial life, robotics, and complexity and art.
Unfoldings : A Partial-Order Approach to Model Checking
In this book the authors introduce unfoldings, an approach to model checking which alleviates the state explosion problem by means of concurrency theory. They offer a gentle introduction to the basics of the method, and in particular they detail an unfolding-based algorithm for model checking concurrent systems against properties specified as formulas of linear temporal logic (LTL). Self-contained chapters cover transition systems and their products; unfolding products; search procedures for basic verification problems, such as reachability and livelocks; and model checking LTL.
Une politique mondiale pour Nourrir le monde = A global policy to feed the world
Hunger has not disappeared, and it could even spread if humanity does indeed reach nine billion people by mid-century. It is not certain that the world can feed itself. International experts negotiating within the framework of the WTO are convinced that the continued public support for agriculture in certain countries is the main current obstacle to the development of the poorest nations. The idea seems obvious, but that doesn't make it true. For it to be true, agricultural products would have to be produced and traded within sustainable systems.
Understanding Programming Languages
This book is about describing the meaning of programming languages. While a compiler or an interpreter offers a form of formal description of a language, it is not something that can be used as a basis for reasoning about that language nor can it serve as a definition of a programming language itself since this must allow a range of implementations. By writing a formal semantics of a language a designer can yield a far shorter description and tease out, analyse and record design choices.Early in the book the author introduces a simple notation, a meta-language, used to record descriptions of the semantics of languages. In a practical approach, he considers dozens of issues that arise in current programming languages and the key techniques that must be mastered in order to write the required formal semantic descriptions. The book concludes with a discussion of the eight key challenges: delimiting a language (concrete representation), delimiting the abstract content of a language, recording semantics (deterministic languages), operational semantics (non-determinism), context dependency, modelling sharing, modelling concurrency, and modelling exits.
Understanding Nature : Case Studies in Comparative Epistemology
This summons clearly resonates with the “archetypical image” associated with water as a basic element, discussed in Chapter 2, water as the element of freedom, of mobility, of widening one’s horizon. Although Nietzsche himself refrained from doing what he summoned others to do, scientists like Darwin and novelists like Melville actually went to sea. Darwin, although regarded by Nietzsche as an arid 6 and mediocre mind, exposed himself to the experience of a long-term trans-oceanic voyage in the course of which he did discover new worlds, new justifications, new moral watchwords even (“struggle for life”) that were to have a tremendous impact on science, philosophy and even culture at large. Other perspectives are present in Moby-Dick as well, such as the theologian’s one, depicting the whale as the biblical Leviathan and the ocean as that part of the world where the great flood never abated.
Understanding Competitive Advantage : The Importance of Strategic Congruence and Integrated Control
About competitive advantage and how it is created at the company level. Our theoretical starting point is that the alignment of strategies and control systems affects the firm's chances of successfully positioning itself in its chosen area of competition. The firm is in a better position to concentrate on activities that create value for the customer if its strategies and control systems are mutually consistent and adapted to expected external demands. This book is thus a contribution to the literature that treats competitive advantage on the basis of the match between the environment and internal resources. Our ambition has been to provide additional knowledge in the area through a comprehensive discussion on co-ordination and integration of strategies and control systems.
Understanding administrative law in the common law world
A new framework for understanding contemporary administrative law, through a comparative analysis of case law from Australia, Canada, England, Ireland, and New Zealand. The author argues that the field is structured by four values: individual self-realisation, good administration, electoral legitimacy and decisional autonomy
Understanding 3D Animation Using Maya
Many animators and designers would like to supplement their Maya learning with a less-technical, more helpful book. This self-study manual is both a general guide for understanding 3-D computer graphics and a specific guide for learning the fundamentals of Maya: workspace, modeling, animation, shading, lighting, and rendering. Understanding 3-D Animation Using Maya covers these fundamentals in each chapter so that readers gain increasingly detailed knowledge. After an initial 'concepts' section launches each chapter, hands-on tutorials are provided, as well as a chapter project that progressively adds newly learned material and culminates in the final animated short.
Unconventional Programming Paradigms ; International Workshop UPP 2004, Le Mont Saint Michel, France, September 15-17, 2004, Revised Selected and Invited Papers
Nowadays, developers have to face the proliferation of hardware and software environments, the increasing demands of the users, the growing number of p- grams and the sharing of information, competences and services thanks to the generalization ofdatabasesandcommunication networks. Aprogramisnomore a monolithic entity conceived, produced and?nalized before being used. A p- gram is now seen as an open and adaptive frame, which, for example, can - namically incorporate services not foreseen by the initial designer. These new needs call for new control structures and program interactions. Unconventionalapproachestoprogramminghavelongbeendevelopedinv-iousnichesandconstituteareservoirofalternativewaystofacetheprogramming languages crisis.
Uncertainty Theory
Uncertainty theory is a branch of mathematics based on normality, monotonicity, self-duality, and countable subadditivity axioms. The goal of uncertainty theory is to study the behavior of uncertain phenomena such as fuzziness and randomness. The main topics include probability theory, credibility theory, and chance theory. For this new edition the entire text has been totally rewritten. More importantly, the chapters on chance theory and uncertainty theory are completely new. This book provides a self-contained, comprehensive and up-to-date presentation of uncertainty theory. The purpose is to equip the readers with an axiomatic approach to deal with uncertainty. Mathematicians, researchers, engineers, designers, and students in the field of mathematics, information science, operations research, industrial engineering, computer science, artificial intelligence, and management science will find this work a stimulating and useful reference.
Uncertainty and Surprise in Complex Systems : Questions on Working with the Unexpected
This book is the outcome of a discussion meeting of leading scholars and critical thinkers with expertise in complex systems sciences and leaders from a variety of organizations sponsored by the Prigogine Center at The University of Texas at Austin and the Plexus Institute to explore strategies for understanding uncertainty and surprise. Besides distributions to the conference it includes a key digest by the editors as well as a commentary by the late nobel laureat Ilya Prigogine, "Surprises in half of a century". The book is intended for researchers and scientists in complexity science as well as for a broad interdisciplinary audience of both practitioners and scholars. It will well serve those interested in the research issues and in the application of complexity science to physical and social systems.
Ultraviolet and Soft X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers : Introduction to Physical Principles, Experimental Results, Technological Challenges
In the introduction accelerator-based light sources are considered and a comparison is made between free-electron lasers and conventional quantum lasers. The motion and radiation of relativistic electrons in undulator magnets is discussed. The principle of a low-gain free-electron laser is explained and the pendulum equations are introduced that characterize the electron dynamics in the field of a light wave. The differential equations of the high-gain FEL are derived from the Maxwell equations of electrodynamics. Analytical and numerical solutions of the FEL equations are presented and important FEL parameters are defined, such as gain length, FEL bandwidth and saturation power. A detailed numerical study of the all-important microbunching process is presented. The mechanism of Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission is described theoretically and illustrated with numerous experimental results. Three-dimensional effects such as betatron oscillations and optical diffraction are addressed and their impact on the FEL performance is analyzed.
Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind : A New Vision of Life
Timing exerted by oscillatory mechanisms are found throughout the biological world and their periods span a wide range from milliseconds, as in the action potential of n- rons and the myocytes, to the slow evolutionary changes that require thousands of generations. In this context, to understand the synchronization of a population of coupled oscillators is an important problem for the dynamics of physiology in living systems (Aon et al. , 2007a, b; Kuramoto, 1984; Strogatz, 2003; Winfree, 1967). Circadian rhythms, the most intensively studied, are devoted to measuring daily 24 h cycles. A variety of physiological processes in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms display circadian rhythmicity which is characterized by the following major properties (Anderson et al. , 1985; Edmunds, 1988): (i) stable, autonomous (self-sustaining) oscillations having a free-running period under constant envir- mental conditions of ca.
Two Minds : Intuition and Analysis in the History of Economic Thought
Intuition is warm and fuzzy, qualitative, not measurable. Economics, on the other hand, is quantitative, and if it is not a hard science, at least it is the "queen of the social sciences." It is, therefore, intuitively obvious, that intuition and economics are as if oil and water. The problem is, what is intuitively obvious is not always correct. And, there are two major reasons why intuition and economics are not like oil and water. First, economics concerns itself with decision making, and decisions are made in the brain. The human brain is the size of a grapefruit, weighing three pounds with approximately 180 billion neurons, each physically independent but interacting with the other neurons. What we call intuition is, like decision making, a natural information processing function of the brain. Second, despite the current emphasis on quantitative analysis and deductive logic there is a rich history of economists speaking about intuition. First, the human brain, specifically the neocortex, has a left and right hemisphere. The specialized analytical style of the left hemisphere and the specialized intuitive style of the right hemispheres complement each other.
Tutti i numeri sono uguali a cinque = All numbers equal five
Twenty-one stories, twenty-one authors, twenty-one fragments of life walking alongside science, in the most free and brazen way imaginable. Abandoning oneself to digressions, emotions, intuitions of the heart, images, sensations that flank the daily practice of science, but which are not part of codified science. In some stories, science is a method, an instrument, a way of relating to things and people; in others it becomes ideas, thoughts, behaviors, attitudes. Each story has a voice that emerges from the depths of the author's scientific culture, but also from his prejudices, from his way of being a person, from his vision of society, of the world.
Tutorials in Mathematical Biosciences I : Mathematical Neuroscience
Introduces some basic theories on computational neuroscience. Chapter 1 is a brief introduction to neurons, tailored to the subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 is a self-contained introduction to dynamical systems and bifurcation theory, oriented towards neuronal dynamics. The theory is illustrated with a model of Parkinson's disease. Chapter 3 reviews the theory of coupled neural oscillators observed throughout the nervous systems at all levels; it describes how oscillations arise, what pattern they take, and how they depend on excitory or inhibitory synaptic connections. Chapter 4 specializes to one particular neuronal system, namely, the auditory system. It includes a self-contained introduction, from the anatomy and physiology of the inner ear to the neuronal network that connects the hair cells to the cortex, and describes various models of subsystems.
Transseries and Real Differential Algebra
Transseries are formal objects constructed from an infinitely large variable x and the reals using infinite summation, exponentiation and logarithm. The aim of the present book is to give a detailed and self-contained exposition of the theory of transseries, in the hope of making it more accessible to non-specialists.
Transnational Entrepreneurship in South East Asia : Japanese Self-Initiated Expatriate Entrepreneurs
This book brings together narratives of inbound and outbound expatriate entrepreneurship in Japan to provide a comprehensive overview of international entrepreneurship in the region.
Transient Analysis of Electric Power Circuits Handbook
Every now and then, a good book comes along and quite rightfully makes itself a distinguished place amongthe existing books of the electric power engineering literature. This book by Professor Arieh Shenkman is one of them. Today, there are many excellent textbooks dealing with topics in power systems. Some of them are considered to be classics. However, many of them do not particularly address, nor concentrate on, topics dealing with transient analysis of electrical power systems. Many of the fundamental facts concerning the transient behavior of electric circuits were well explored by Steinmetz and other early pioneers of electrical power engineering.
Towards a Service-Based Internet ; 1st European Conference, ServiceWave 2008, Madrid, Spain, December 10-13, 2008. Proceedings
This volume includes adaption/monitoring, model driven architecture, network services, service oriented architecture, business process management, deployment/invocation, security, workflow as well as SLA/QoS.
