الصفحة 2
الصفحة 2
Molecular Markers of Brain Tumor Cells : Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Anti-Neoplastic Biological Therapy
Childhood brain tumors are a diverse group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth of tissue contained within the skull. Other than leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumors are the most common type of neoplasms that occur in children. The leading cause of death from childhood neoplasms among persons up to 19 years is brain tumors. As such, this book is a review of the most recent molecular biological research concerning brain tumors with references and comparisons to a variety of neoplastic disorders. The book then uses this information to foreshadow the direction that future anti-neoplastic therapies will take. Because of the wide spectrum of the objectives of the book, any individual involved in cancer research will greatly benefit from the work. Histopathologists, neuropathologists, clinical and research oncologists, and medical students will find this book to be an invaluable resource as a reference guide. Patients and their families will also find the book useful as it offers a comprehensive update on new, non-classical therapeutic modality options and contains a detailed description and analysis of brain tumors. Such an endeavor has yet to be undertaken by any other book and may prove to be the most comprehensive book on brain tumors thus far.
Molecular autoimmunity
The autoimmune disease paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, a rare hemolytic disorder. After a century of research, the list of autoimmune diseases has become impressive. With a prevalence of approximately 5% of the world-wide population, these chronic, debilitating conditions affect almost every major organ of the body and, for reasons that remain unclear, are much more prevalent in woman than in men. Despite our rapidly expanding knowledge of the cellular and molecular pathways that govern a normal immune response, deciphering the precise etiology of autoimmune diseases remains an important challenge. Over the last few years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has improved rapidly, leading to the emergence of elegant immunointervention strategies. Molecular Autoimmunity illustrates how cutting-edge research is continuing to advance our understanding of autoimmune disease mechanisms and identifies novel therapeutic targets that provide a hope for effective future treatments. This volume contains a selected number of exciting advances in unraveling autoimmune reactions, and the resulting new armory of experimental immunotherapies that may lead to new ways of controlling autoimmune reactions.
Modern Hematology : Biology and Clinical Management
The first chapters of this book contain a self-contained introduction to path integrals in Euclidean quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. The resulting high-dimensional integrals can be estimated with the help of Monte Carlo simulations based on Markov processes. The most commonly used algorithms are presented in detail so as to prepare the reader for the use of high-performance computers as an “experimental” tool for this burgeoning field of theoretical physics. Several chapters are then devoted to an introduction to simple lattice field theories and a variety of spin systems with discrete and continuous spins, where the ubiquitous Ising model serves as an ideal guide for introducing the fascinating area of phase transitions. As an alternative to the lattice formulation of quantum field theories, variants of the flexible renormalization group methods are discussed in detail. Since, according to our present-day knowledge, all fundamental interactions in nature are described by gauge theories, the remaining chapters of the book deal with gauge theories without and with matter.
Modeling of metal forming and machining processes : By finite element and soft computing methods
The physics of metal forming and metal removing is normally expressed using non-linear partial differential equations which can be solved using the finite element method (FEM). However, when the process parameters are uncertain and/or the physics of the process is not well understood, soft computing techniques can be used with FEM or alone to model the process.
Modeling Chemical Systems using Cellular Automata
The book will be of great value in undergraduate courses in chemistry, physics, biology, applied mathematics, and bioinformatics, and as a supplement for laboratory courses in introductory chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, medicinal chemistry, chemical engineering and other courses dealing with statistical and dynamic systems. It allows the exploration of a wide range of dynamic phenomena, many of which are not normally accessible within conventional laboratory settings due to limitations of time, cost, and experimental equipment. The book is both a textbook on applied Cellular Automata and a lab manual for chemistry (physics, engineering) courses with lab activity. It would supplement other lab work and be an additonal book the students would use in the course.
Model-based Process Supervision : A Bond Graph Approach
Model-based fault detection and isolation requires a mathematical model of the system behaviour. Modelling is important and can be difficult because of the complexity of the monitored system and its control architecture. The authors use bond-graph modelling, a unified multi-energy domain modelling method, to build dynamic models of process engineering systems by composing hierarchically arranged sub-models of various commonly encountered process engineering devices. The structural and causal properties of bond-graph models are exploited for supervisory systems design.
Mitral valve diseases
The heart is a pump consisting of 4 chambers:2 atria and 2 ventricles and 4 valves one of them is mitral valve which is located betweenthe left atrium and the left ventricle and prevents the backward flow of blood.Ithas several unique features: Mitral annulus, two leaflets, the chordae tendineaeand papillary muscles. The mitral valve may become stenotic or may regurgitate. Regurgitation(or leakage of the valve): When the valve (s) do not close completely. Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve): When the valve (s) opening becomes narrowed. Mitral stenosis is categorized as mild, moderate or severe it is typically causedby (Rheumatic fever, A congenital heart, Calcium deposits .....) and it caused severalsymptoms such as: dyspnea, hemoptysis, fatigue, Chest pain and others Where as the Signs and symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation, can include: Abnormal heart sound, Shortness of breath, Heart palpitations, Fatigue, edma, Coughing.
Mitochondria and the Heart
The function of the heart is highly dependent on oxidative energy that is generated in mitochondria. Defects in mitochondrial structure and function can be found in association with cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria and the Heart discusses the role that mitochondria plays in cardiovascular disease, including biogenesis and function of cardiac mitochondria during normal growth, development and aging. In addition, nonbioenergetic, biogenesis and degradation pathways are explored. Understanding these pathways and the effects that mitochondrial defects have in cardiac pathology is extremely important in establishing the diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial-based cardiac diseases.
Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Connectomics of the Brain
Highlights cutting-edge methods that can accelerate progress in elucidating static ‘hard-wired’ circuits of the brain as well as dynamic interactions that are vital for brain function. The power of connectomic approaches in characterizing abnormal circuits in the many brain disorders that afflict humankind is considered. Experts in computational neuroscience and network theory provide perspectives needed for synthesizing across different scales in space and time. Altogether, this book provides an integrated view of the challenges and opportunities in deciphering brain circuits in health and disease.
Metamorphoses of Hamiltonian Systems with Symmetries
Modern notions and important tools of classical mechanics are used in the study of concrete examples that model physically significant molecular and atomic systems. The parametric nature of these examples leads naturally to the study of the major qualitative changes of such systems (metamorphoses) as the parameters are varied. The symmetries of these systems, discrete or continuous, exact or approximate, are used to simplify the problem through a number of mathematical tools and techniques like normalization and reduction. The book moves gradually from finding relative equilibria using symmetry, to the Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation and its relation to monodromy and, finally, to generalizations of monodromy.
Metabolism and Functions of Bioactive Ether Lipids in the Brain
This book will be particularly useful to neuroscience graduate students, academics, and researchers. Clinicians will find this book useful for understanding molecular aspects of neurodegeneration in acute neural trauma and neurodegenerative diseases that are mediated by plamalogen-selective phospholipases A2 and PAF acetyl hydrolases. This monograph is the first to provide a comprehensive description of not only metabolism and role of plasmalogen and platelet activating factor in brain tissue but also the involvement of these lipids with abnormal signal transduction processes in neurological disorders.
Meshfree Methods for Partial Differential Equations II
A Particle Strategy for Solving the Fokker-Planck Equation Modelling the Fiber Orientation Distribution in Steady Recirculating Flows Involving Short Fiber Suspensions.- Extended Meshfree Method for Elastic and Inelastic Media.- Meshfree Petrov-Galerkin Methods for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations.- The ?-shape Based Natural Element Method in Solid and Fluid Mechanics.- A Particle-Partition of Unity Method Part VI: A p-robust Multilevel Solver.- Enriched Reproducing Kernel Approximation: Reproducing Functions with Discontinuous Derivatives.- Reproducing Kernel Element Interpolation: Globally Conforming I m/C n/P k Hierarchies.- Multi-scale Analysis Using Two Influence Radii in EFGM.- Solution of a Dynamic Main Crack Interaction with a System of Micro-Cracks by the Element Free Galerkin Method.- Finite Cover Method for Physically and Geometrically Nonlinear Problems.- A Numerical Scheme for Solving Incompressible and Low Mach Number Flows by the Finite Pointset Method.- SPH Renormalized Hybrid Methods for Conservation Laws: Applications to Free Surface Flows.- Discontinuous Radial Basis Function Approximations for Meshfree Methods.- Treating Moving Interfaces in Thermal Models with the C-NEM.- Bridging Scale Particle and Finite Element Methods.
Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2005 ; 8th International Conference, Palm Springs, CA, USA, October 26-29, 2005, Proceedings, Part I
This paper presents a method for classification of medical images, using machine learning and deformation-based morphometry. A morphological representation of the anatomy of interest is first obtained using highdimensional template warping, from which regions that display strong correlations between morphological measurements and the classification (clinical) variable are extracted using a watershed segmentation, taking into account the regional smoothness of the correlation map which is estimated by a crossvalidation strategy in order to achieve robustness to outliers. A Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) technique is then used to rank computed features from the extracted regions, according to their effect on the leave-one-out error bound. Finally, SVM classification is applied using the best set of features, and it is tested using leave-one-out. The results from a group of 61 brain images of female normal controls and schizophrenia patients demonstrate not only high classification accuracy (91.8%) and steep ROC curves, but also exceptional stability with respect to the number of selected features and the SVM kernel size
Mechanisms of Insulin Action
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. In addition, between 17 and 40 million people have insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, or the cluster of abnormalities referred to variably as the metabolic syndrome, the dysmetabolic syndrome, syndrome X, or the insulin resistance syndrome. In all of these disorders, a central component of the pathophysiology is insulin resistance, i.e., reduced responsiveness to insulin in tissues such as muscle, fat and liver. Insulin resistance is also closely linked to other common health problems, including obesity, polycystic ovarian disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this book, we will attempt to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. We explore insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems. The book will be appealing to basic and clinical scientists.
Mechanics of Materials
Provides a review of statics, covering the topics needed to begin the study of mechanics of materials including free-body diagrams, equilibrium, trusses, frames, centroids, and distributed loads. It presents the foundations and applications of mechanics of materials with emphasis on visual analysis, using sequences of figures to explain concepts and giving detailed explanations of the proper use of free-body diagrams. The Cauchy tetrahedron argument is included, which allows determination of the normal and shear stresses on an arbitrary plane for a general state of stress. An optional chapter discusses failure and modern fracture theory, including stress intensity factors and crack growth.
Measurement Uncertainties in Science and Technology
At the turn of the 19th century, Carl Friedrich Gauß founded error calculus by predicting the then unknown position of the planet Ceres. Ever since, error calculus has occupied a place at the heart of science. In this book, Grabe illustrates the breakdown of traditional error calculus in the face of modern measurement techniques. Revising Gauß’ error calculus ab initio, he treats random and unknown systematic errors on an equal footing from the outset. Furthermore, Grabe also proposes what may be called well defined measuring conditions, a prerequisite for defining confidence intervals that are consistent with basic statistical concepts. The resulting measurement uncertainties are as robust and reliable as required by modern-day science, engineering and technology.
McCance-Huether’s pathophysiology : The biologic basis for disease in adults and children
Helps you understand the most important and most complex pathophysiology concepts. This updated text includes more than 1,300 full-color illustrations and photographs to make it easier to identify normal anatomy and physiology, as well as alterations of function. It’s the most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text available!
Maxillofacial Imaging
Demonstrates how advanced medical imaging techniques can be successfully applied to dental and maxillofacial conditions. There is a focus on CT and MRI, but the use of all contemporary imaging techniques are illustrated including PET, PET/CT, ultrasonography, and cone beam CT. The presentation is in atlas style, with succinct, bulleted text and a wealth of high-quality images in multiple planes. All images for each patient are grouped to enable the reader very quickly to gain an imaging overview of the condition under consideration. After a comprehensive introductory chapter on normal imaging anatomy, the role of advanced imaging techniques is described in pathologic conditions of the mandible and maxilla, temporomandibular joint, regions closely related to the jaw, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, salivary glands, and structures adjacent to the maxillofacial region. A concluding chapter examines the use of interventional procedures for diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial conditions. Compared with the first edition, numerous additional cases have been incorporated and a completely new chapter focuses on cone beam CT.
Investigative Electrocardiography in Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials
It reviews the prevalence and incidence and emphasizes the prognostic implications of common ECG abnormalities in contrasting populations. It provides a comprehensive, penetrating and critical analysis of topics such as QT prolongation in clinical drug trials, left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia/infarction and epidemiological consideration of relative risks associated with ECG abnormalities. As such it is an essential tool in epidemiological or clinical research using ECGs and in investigations of possible adverse responses of new pharmacological agents.
Introduction to Probability with Statistical Applications
This textbook is an introduction to probability and statistics for non-mathematics majors who do not need the exhaustive detail and mathematical depth provided in more comprehensive treatments of the subject. The presentation covers the mathematical laws of random phenomena, including discrete and continuous random variables, expectation and variance, and common probability distributions such as the binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions. Main statistical concepts considered are point and interval estimates, hypothesis testing, power function, various statistical tests: z, t, chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov.
