الصفحة 16
الصفحة 16
DNA- and RNA-Based Computing Systems
DNA- and RNA-Based Computing Systems delivers an authoritative overview of DNA- and RNA-based biocomputing systems that touches on cutting-edge advancements in computer science, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and materials science.
Directory of microbicides for the protection of materials : A handbook
This edition is divided into two parts. In Part One 23 contributions of worldwide selected experts present extensively diversified information about: -Microbicides with regard to the relationship between chemical structure and mode of action and activity, -Research and development in consideration of registration procedures,Legislative aspects,The use of microbicides in the major application areas (18) which are described in detail.The Microbicide Data is organized into 21 substance classes (e.g. alcohols, aldehydes, acids, amides, etc.) and collected in Part Two.
Directed Metallation
a new chelation-assisted methodology has been developed not only for controlling regio- and stereoselectivity of reactions, but also for accelerating reactions. In particular, chelation-methodology has been utilized as a new activation method, in which a carbon-metal bond is generated directly from a C-H bond; a reaction rarely achieved using conventional methods. A wide variety of catalytic functionalization reactions of C-H bonds by the utilization of a chelation, have been developed recently and are comprehensively discussed in this book by leading experts. In addition, new approaches to directed hydrometalation and directed carbometalation as a key step are also discussed. A unique stereo- and regioselective hydroformylation has been developed through the utilization of directed hydrometalation.
Dilute III-V Nitride Semiconductors and Material Systems : Physics and Technology
A major current challenge for semiconductor devices is to develop materials for the next generation of optical communication systems and solar power conversion applications. Recently, extensive research has revealed that an introduction of only a few percentages of nitrogen into III-V semiconductor lattice leads to a dramatic reduction of the band gap. This discovery has opened the possibility of using these material systems for applications ranging from lasers to solar cells. Physics and Technology of Dilute III-V Nitride Semiconductors & Novel Dilute Nitride Material Systems reviews the current status of research and development in dilute III-V nitrides, with 24 chapters from prominent research groups covering recent progress in growth techniques, experimental characterization of band structure, defects carrier transport, transport properties, dynamic behavior of N atoms, device applications, modeling of device design, novel optoelectronic integrated circuits, and novel nitrogen containing III-V materials.
Digital dentistry : A step-by-step guide and case atlas
A guide to all current basic digital imaging and CAD-CAM procedures, with an emphasis on the most popular systems and software programs. An atlas of multidisciplinary cases that were treated with digital dentistry, from diagnosis and treatment planning to execution and follow-up, in order of complexity Assessment of the scientific basis for using digital dentistry in each category A presentation of clinical cases to support the use of digital methodologies in all relevant scenarios An exploration of the role of digital dentistry in dental public health, preventive dentistry, and dental education
Diffusion in Condensed Matter : Methods, Materials, Models
Diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement is a phenomenon of crucial relevance for a large variety of processes and materials. This comprehensive, handbook-style survey of diffusion in condensed matter gives detailed insight into diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement. Leading experts in the field describe in 23 chapters the different aspects of diffusion, covering microscopic and macroscopic experimental techniques and exemplary results for various classes of solids, liquids and interfaces as well as several theoretical concepts and models. Students and scientists in physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology will benefit from this detailed compilation.
Development of geopolymer from pond ash-thermal power plant waste : Novel constructional materials for civil engineers
Demonstrates how to utilize fly ash/pond ash (waste materials from thermal power plants) to produce a novel material called 'Geopolymer' (GP). Red mud, slags, etc., are mixed with fly ash to produce GP with enhanced strength. As shown in a few European countries, GP can replace cement, and some permanent structures constructed with GP are now appearing in a few advanced countries. GP, and geopolymer concrete, is considered suitable for the construction of roads, buildings, etc., and will eventually, fully or partially, replace cement.
Detection of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents in Connection with Terrorism
The organization of an Advanced Research Workshop with the title “Detection and Disposal of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents in Connection with Terrorism” was motivated by international findings about activities in this field of application. This ARW followed a meeting about the “Detection of Disposal Improvised Explosives” (St. Petersburg, 2005). Both items show the logistic problems as one of the lessons, terrorists have to overcome. These problems are connected with the illegal supply and transport of explosives and fuels and as counter-measure the detection of these materials. The invention of liquid explosives goes back to the middle of the 19th century and was used for special purposes in the commercial field of application. Because of the high sensitivity of liquid explosives against mechanical shock, caused by adiabatic compression of air-bobbles producing “hot spots” as origin of initiation the commercial application was not very successful. Because of this high risk, liquid explosives are not used in military or commercial application with some exceptions. In the commercial field explosives as slurries or emulsions consisting of suitable salts (Ammoniumnitrate etc.) and water are used to a large extend because of their high insensitivity. In many cases these slurries or emulsions were unfit for terrorist actions, because of their low sensitivity, large critical diameter and using in confinement. In the military field liquid explosives are used in World War I and II as bomb-fillings.
Detection and Disposal of Improvised Explosives
It including: Methods of detection of Improvised Explosives (IE). Methods of detection of Improvised explosives devices (IED). Disposal and safe handling of ID and IED. The treatment of detection methods may be divided in the following groups: Overview about the different methods; Trace- and vapor detection; Electromagnetic methods; Neutron methods; Laser techniques. Because of different definitions of Improvised Explosives the parti- pants of the workshop agreed after some discussions with the following definition: An Improvised Explosive (IE) can be any chemical compound or mixture capable of an explosive reaction. They are normally easily prepared by a knowledgeable layman under simple conditions. Components of IE are typically inorganic salts containing molecular bound oxygen like nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates etc. or organic compounds with nitro-, nitami- or nitrate-groups or peroxides. Admixtures of military or commercial explosive materials are also used. From the chemical point of view IE can be divided into the following types: Salts containing chemical groups with oxygen (like nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates etc.) in mixtures with combustible substances like carbon-hydrogen compounds.
Dental gold alloys and gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Focuses on recent advances in dental gold alloys and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for biomedical applications. Dental gold alloys combine several highly desirable mechanical properties, such as high strength, ductility, and elasticity, with an extremely robust chemical stability in the mouth.
Dendrimer Catalysis
catalytically active dendrimers have emerged as a class of molecular catalysts that has substantially enriched the field of homogeneous (and in part heterogeneous) catalysis. A general survey of transition metal dendrimer catalysts and the way they have developed is followed by in-depth discussions of dendritic transition metal catalysis based on non-covalent catalyst-support interaction and an overview of the rapidly growing field of stereoselective dendrimer catalysis. The development of dendrimer-encapsulated bimetallic nanoparticles has provided the interface with heterogeneous colloid catalysis. As cheaper and readily accessible alternatives to regular dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers are increasingly being used as catalyst platforms. These topics are complemented by a review of metallodendritic exoreptors for the redox recognition of oxo-anions and halides.
Defense against Bioterror : Detection Technologies, Implementation Strategies and Commercial Opportunities ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Defense against Bioterror: Detection Technologies, Implementation Strategies and Commercial Opportunities, held in Madrid, Spain from 8 to 11 April 2004
A critical assessment of state-of-the-art of emerging ("breakthrough") biosensor technologies that will allow for the rapid identification of biological threat agents in the environment and human population, Identification of directions for future research, and to promote close working relationships between scientists from different countries and with different professional experience. The volume is devoted to a comprehensive overview of the current state of biological weapons threat; challenges confronting biodetection technologies and systems; ongoing research and development; and, future requirements. Biosensor technologies including detection platforms, networked alarm-type biodetector systems, implementation strategies, electro-optical and electrochemical biosensors.
Data Technology in Materials Modelling
This book discusses advances in semantic interoperability for materials modelling, aiming at integrating data obtained from different methods and sources into common frameworks, and facilitating the development of platforms where simulation services in computational molecular engineering can be provided as well as coupled and linked to each other in a standardized and reliable way.
Current Developments in Solid-state Fermentation
Over the period of last two decades, there has been significant resurgence in solid-state fermentation due to the numerous benefits it offers, especially in the engineering and environmental aspects. SSF has shown much promise in the development of several bioprocesses and products. This resurgence gained further momentum during the last 5-6 years with the developments in fundamental and applied aspects. A good deal of information has been generated in published literature and patented information. Several commercial ventures have come up based on SSF in different parts of the world. The contents are organized into four parts: Part 1 deals with the General and Fundamentals aspects of SSF; Part 2 deals with the production of bulk chemicals and products such as enzymes, organic acids, spores and mushrooms in SSF; Part 3 is on the use of SSF for specialty chemicals such as gibberellic acid, antibiotics and other pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites, pigments, and aroma compounds; Part 4 deals with the use of SSF miscellaneous application such as SSF for food and feed applications, agro-industrial residues as substrates in SSF and the production of silage and vermicompost.
Crystallography and the World of Symmetry
Symmetry exists in realms from crystals to patterns, in external shapes of living or non-living objects, as well as in the fundamental particles and the physical laws that govern them. In fact, the search for this symmetry is the driving force for the discovery of many fundamental particles and the formulation of many physical laws. While one can not imagine a world which is absolutely symmetrical nor can one a world which is absolutely asymmetrical. These two aspects of nature are intermingled with each other inseparably. This is the basis of the existence of aperiodicity manifested in the liquid crystals and also quasi-crystals also discussed in Crystallography and the World of Symmetry.
Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes
Cryogenic refrigerators operating with refrigerant mixtures were developed under classified and proprietary programs for many years, and it was only after 1991 that the world realized the importance of the mixed refrigerant systems for cryogenic refrigeration. Mixed refrigerant cryogenic processes are also used in most large base load natural gas liquefaction plants. Hundreds of patents exist on different aspects of mixed refrigerant processes for liquefaction of natural gas, as well as the composition of mixtures for Joule-Thomson and other refrigerators. Still, the fundamental aspects of these processes continued to not receive the attention they deserve in open literature in the view of these commercial interests.
Crosslinking in Materials Science : Technical Applications
This series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and materials science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered.
Crisis Management in the Food and Drinks Industry : A Practical Approach
This practical and greatly expanded edition by media and public relations veteran Colin Doeg focuses on the communications aspects of dealing with a crisis. It is global in its coverage of the subject, reviewing practices and requirements in countries ranging from the USA and the UK to Australia and New Zealand.Crisis Management in the Food and Drinks Industry is the only title dealing specifically with this crucial subject in relation to the food industry. As such, it is relevant not only to those in the food industry, but also to marketing and senior management in general in the fields of agriculture, public health and law enforcement.
Creative Chemical Sensor Systems
Schrader has compiled an excellent set of articles that present a current snapshot of chemical sensing utilizing state-of-the-art approaches ranging from combinatorial receptor libraries to artificial membrane pores. This volume is an excellent read for the budding and seasoned bioorganic chemist, chemical biologist, or supramolecular chemist as well as for those in allied fields who wish to apply emerging chemical techniques to solve current problems in chemical sensing.This book provides an overview of recent creative new approaches which use chemical means of detection and quantification of important analytes. Creative chemical sensor systems is a rapidly growing subject.
Corrosion of Steel in Concrete : Understanding, Investigation and Repair
A guide for designing, constructing and maintaining reinforced concrete structures, such as buildings and bridges which are subject to reinforcement corrosion. It presents the basics of theory and practice in steel corrosion in concrete and reviews the latest research and developments, such as progress on measuring the corrosion threshold for chloride-induced corrosion.
