الصفحة 11
الصفحة 11
Eating, Drinking: Surviving : The International Year of Global Understanding - IYGU
This publication addresses the global challenges of food and water security in a rapidly changing and complex world. The essays highlight the links between bio-physical and socio-cultural processes, making connections between local and global scales, and focusing on the everyday practices of eating and drinking, essential for human survival. Written by international experts, each contribution is research-based but accessible to the general public.
Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering ; 4th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering-Invited Lectures
This book contains the full papers on which the invited lectures of the 4th International Conference on Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering (4ICEGE) were based. It provides a comprehensive overview of the progress achieved to date in soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering, as well as in engineering seismology and seismic risk assessment and management. In situ and laboratory testing, theoretical issues and numerical modeling of soil dynamics, seismic hazard with emphasis on the long-period ground motion displacements, site effects and microzonation, liquefaction assessment and mitigation, soil-structure interaction, performance based design of geotechnical structures, earthquake resistant design and performance of shallow and deep foundations, retaining structures, embankments and dams, underground structures and lifelines, are all among the different topics covered in this book. Interdisciplinary subjects such as vulnerability assessment of, transportation networks and lifelines as well as of geotechnical structures are also discussed. Finally, the book provides a thorough presentation of the existing worldwide important large-scale testing facilities and geotechnical strong ground motion arrays.
Earth Structures : In Transport, Water and Environmental Engineering
This book describes the principles of working with soil as a construction material, including two basic ways of treating it: geosynthetics and stabilization. The book discusses the design logic and ways to control Earth Structures, which differ significantly from other construction materials. Building with Earth involves greater uncertainty and risk, which means that there is a need for better design detailing and improvement in the quality of financial calculations. The general part of the book gives a detailed description of the principles of limit states according to Eurocode 7, after which geotechnical design is also described. Subsequent chapters concentrate on earth structures for transport, water, and environmental projects. The chapter on Earth Structures in transport engineering presents detailed coverage of limit states of stability and deformation. Earth Structures in water engineering prioritizes the limit state of internal erosion. Earth Structures in environmental engineering describes new designs, in which part of the structure is created from non-standard materials which are usually susceptible to internal collapse, double porosity, unsaturation, etc. It also focuses on protecting the surrounding environment from contamination.
Dynamics of Fibre Formation and Processing : Modelling and Application in Fibre and Textile Industry
The book deals with the modelling of steady state and non-steady state basic processes of fibre formation and fibre processing. Focal points are melt spinning processes (polymers and glass, drawing, spunbonded nonwoven), spun yarn spinning processes (drafting, carding) and the description of the dynamics in different process steps during the fibre processing (fibre transport, fibre heating and cooling, false twist texturing). A special chapter deals with dynamics of tensile force (measuring and evaluation possibilities) and its importance for the process stability. All presented examples are based on industrial practice and give the reader a direct imagination of the discussed problems. The results are explained in a userfriendly way and give the practitioner the possibility to optimize his or her own processing.
Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins : The Central European Basin System
This book documents how researchers from different geo-scientific disciplines have jointly analysed the structural, thermal, and sedimentary evolution as well as fluid dynamics of a complex sedimentary basin system which has experienced a variety of activation and reactivation impulses as well as intense salt tectonics. In this book we have summarized our geological, geophysical and geochemical understanding of some of the most important processes affecting sedimentary basins in general and our view on the evolution of one of the largest, best explored and most complex continental sedimentary basins on Earth: The Central European Basin System.
Dynamic Fleet Management : Concepts, Systems, Algorithms & Case Studies
Dynamic Fleet Management will focus on real time management of a distribution system. The book will integrate the latest results in system design, algorithm development and system implementation, to capture the state-of-the art research and application trends.
Drug transporters : Molecular characterization and role in drug disposition
Drug Transporters: Molecular Characterization and Role in Drug Disposition provides in-depth analysis of the conceptual evolution and technical development for studying drug transporters. Contributions by an international panel of leading researchers address advances in transporters as drug targets, transporters in pharmacotherapy, the impact of transporters on drug efficacy and safety, the development of sophisticated model systems and sensitive assay methods, and more. Divided into two parts, the book first provides a thorough overview of relevant drug transporters before detailing the principles of drug transport and associated techniques.
Drug Targets in Kinetoplastid Parasites
The book contains 12 chapters contributed by eminent scientists working in this field. The articles deal mainly with two aspects: visual identification of targets and identification of therapeutic agents.Several targets like kDNA replication machinery, purine salvage pathway, purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, histone deacetylase, DNA topoisomerases, membrane transporter proteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids are discussed in this book. Since current treatments for kinetoplastid parasitic diseases are far from ideal, there is an urgent and genuine need to develop newer compounds as antiparasitic drug candidates. Therefore evelopment of some lead compounds against these parasites as well as drug resistance are also included in this book. Moreover the vast amount of information generated after publication of the "Trytrip" genome sequence now makes possible several new approaches for target identification and discovery of therapeutic agents. This book is an outcome of the contributions of many scientists working in this important area.
Drug repurposing : A new fashion for a new hope
The repurposing of drugs is becoming increasingly attractive as it avoids the long process and cost implications associated with bringing a novel drug to market i.e., drug repurposing is cost effective and time saving. This study will discuss the repositioning of several drugs that belong to different pharmaceutical classifications such as antimicrobials (itraconazole and fluoroquinolones), anti-diabetic agents (metformin and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors), cardiovascular drugs (β-blockers and digoxin), anticonvulsants (topiramate), immunosuppressants (sirolimus), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs e.g., COX inhibitors), and cholesterol lowering drugs (statins).
Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis
Drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics and drug interaction studies have been extensively carried out in order to secure the druggability and safety of new chemical entities throughout the development of new drugs. Recently, drug metabolism and transport by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, respectively, as well as phase I drug metabolizing enzymes, have been studied. A combination of biochemical advances in the function and regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and automated analytical technologies are revolutionizing drug metabolism research. There are also potential drug-drug interactions with co-administered drugs due to inhibition and/or induction of drug metabolic enzymes and drug transporters.
Drug interactions in infectious diseases : Mechanisms and models of drug interactions
Provides a comprehensive review of basic clinical pharmacology with a focus on metabolism and transporter-mediated drug interactions. The chapters address materials that cannot be retrieved easily in the medical literature, including materials focused on the complex interrelationship of acute infection, inflammation, and the risk of drug interactions in the Drug-Cytokine chapter. The Food-Drug and Herb-Drug interactions chapters remain definitive resources. A new chapter on in vitro modeling of drug interactions is included along with updates on design and data analysis of clinical drug interaction studies. Authoritative discussion of models for regulatory decision-making on drug-drug interactions provides the necessary framework to aid antimicrobial drug development. This concise review of the mechanisms and models of drug interactions provides important insights to health care practitioners as well as scientists in drug development
Drug Absorption Studies : In Situ, In Vitro and In Silico Models
In the last 15 years, a great number of cell- or tissue-based in vitro models have been introduced into the biopharmaceutics arena. These models mimic the different biological barriers that a drug has to overcome to finally reach its target organ/cell/receptor. These in vitro models have been found very useful in not only characterising the permeability behaviour of drugs molecules in epithelial and endothelial tissues, but also studying drug delivery systems for improved delivery and enhanced absorption. Compared to the complex in vivo situation, in vitro models offer a fast, convenient approach with cost advantages most of times. Most importantly, they can be standardised and automatised to be applicable to the high-throughput screening. Starting at the molecular level of studies, continuing with cell monolayer models (both primary and cell lines) and in situ techniques as a final testing format, the book provides a practical approach to contemporary in vitro techniques for drug absorption studies. In addition, chapters on high-throughput assays, in vitro-in vivo correlation, bioinformatics and regulatory issues are covered, giving a comprehensive overview of available models and techniques. Moreover, an appendix comprised with a number of practical protocols is available online, updated as needed, should prove very helpful to apply the techniques directly to the benchside.
Discoveries in Photosynthesis
Conceived of as a way of summarizing the history of research advances in photosynthesis as of millennium 2000, the book evolved into a majestic and encyclopedic saga involving all of the basic sciences. This book is meant not only for the researchers and graduate students, but also for advanced undergraduates in Plant Biology, Microbiology, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Biophysics and History of Science.
Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation VI ; Proceedings of the Sixth International ERCOFTAC Workshop on Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation, held at the University of Poitiers, September 12-14, 2005
this workshop addressed numerous theoretical and physical aspects of transitional and turbulent flows. At an applied level it contributed to the solution of problems related to energy production, transportation and the environment. Since the prediction and analysis of fluid turbulence and transition continues to challenge engineers, mathematicians and physicists, DLES-6 covered a large range of topics, from the more technical ones like numerical methods, initial and inflow conditions, the coupling of RANS and LES zones, subgrid and wall modelling to topics with a stronger focus on flow physics such as aero-acoustics, compressible and geophysical flows, flow control, multiphase flow and turbulent combustion, to quote only a few.
Dioxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins : A Tribute to Beatrice and Jonathan Wittenberg
Following their own brilliant careers in haeme protein research, the outstanding scientists Jonathan and Beatrice Wittenberg continue to provide inspiration to the research community in the study of oxygen-binding proteins. Their research has provided the intellectual stimulus to bring together scientists from all over the world with the common goal of developing fascinating new ideas and performing innovative experiments.This book is dedicated to Jonathan’s and Bea’s lifetime careers. It further illuminates the facts and ideas which dot the paths they traced in Biochemistry and Physiology, elaborating on how these landmark achievements were made and how the haeme proteins community still refers to them. With the field of haeme protein science such a flourishing area, the contributors to this book predict Jonathan and Bea, having played such a seminal role, will continue to be key figures for quite some time to come.
Dimensions of the Sustainable City
The CityForm consortium’s latest book, Dimensions of the Sustainable City, is the first book to report on an empirical multi-disciplinary study specifically designed to address urban sustainability. Drawing together the various dimensions of sustainability – economic, social, transport, energy and ecological – the book examines their relationships both to each other and to urban form. The book investigates the sustainability dimensions of cities through a series of projects based on a common list of elements of urban form, and which draw on the consortium’s latest research to review the sustainability issues of each dimension. The elements of urban form include density, land use, location, accessibility, transport infrastructure and characteristics of the built environment.
Dilute III-V Nitride Semiconductors and Material Systems : Physics and Technology
A major current challenge for semiconductor devices is to develop materials for the next generation of optical communication systems and solar power conversion applications. Recently, extensive research has revealed that an introduction of only a few percentages of nitrogen into III-V semiconductor lattice leads to a dramatic reduction of the band gap. This discovery has opened the possibility of using these material systems for applications ranging from lasers to solar cells. Physics and Technology of Dilute III-V Nitride Semiconductors & Novel Dilute Nitride Material Systems reviews the current status of research and development in dilute III-V nitrides, with 24 chapters from prominent research groups covering recent progress in growth techniques, experimental characterization of band structure, defects carrier transport, transport properties, dynamic behavior of N atoms, device applications, modeling of device design, novel optoelectronic integrated circuits, and novel nitrogen containing III-V materials.
Diffusion in Condensed Matter : Methods, Materials, Models
Diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement is a phenomenon of crucial relevance for a large variety of processes and materials. This comprehensive, handbook-style survey of diffusion in condensed matter gives detailed insight into diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement. Leading experts in the field describe in 23 chapters the different aspects of diffusion, covering microscopic and macroscopic experimental techniques and exemplary results for various classes of solids, liquids and interfaces as well as several theoretical concepts and models. Students and scientists in physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology will benefit from this detailed compilation.
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy : Principles and Applications
This book reviews the basics of atmospheric chemistry, radiation transport, and optical spectroscopy before detailing the principles underlying DOAS. The second part of the book describes the design and application of DOAS instruments as well as the evaluation and interpretation of spectra. The recent expansion of DOAS application to the imaging of trace gas distributions by ground, aircraft, and satellite-based instruments is also covered.
Diapause in Aquatic Invertebrates : Theory and Human Use
Contributors to this new book are leaders in the field of diapause studies, and many authors were participants at a recent workshop on diapause in aquatic invertebrates (Pallanza, Italy 2003). The book consists of two major parts, as indicated in its title: Phenomenology of diapause and significance of this adaptation in scientific and practical uses. Application to newly developing areas such as cultivation of live food, like rotifers or Artemia, in modern aquaculture is covered, as are aspects of diapause that promote the colonization of new environments by facilitating the passive transport of resting stages of invasive species. Creation of artificial ecosystems outside of the Earth’s biosphere using dormant propagules becomes an actual possibility as humankind develops plans to colonize our nearest planets.
