الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Zinc Finger Proteins: From Atomic Contact to Cellular Function
The scientists discovered a novel domain associated with zinc, and named this domain "zinc finger. " The number of proteins with similar zinc fingers grew quickly and these proteins are now called C2H2, Cys2His2 or classical zinc finger proteins. To date, about 24,000 C2H2 zinc finger proteins have been recognized. Approximately 700 human genes, or more than 2% of the genome, have been estimated to encode C2H2 finger proteins. From the beginning these proteins were thought to be numerous, but no one could have predicted such a huge number. Perhaps thousands of scientists are now working on C2H2 zinc finger proteins fi-om variou s viewpoints. This field is a good example of how a new science begins with the insight of a few scientists and how it develops by efforts of numerous independent scientists, in contrast to a policy-driven scientific project, such as the Human Genome Project, with goals clearly set at its inception and with work performed by a huge collaboration throughout the world. As more zinc finger proteins were discovered, several subfamilies, such as C2C2, CCHC, CCCH, LIM, RING, TAZ, and FYVE emerged, increasing our understanding of zinc fingers. The knowledge was overwhelming. Moreover, scientists began defining the term "zinc finger" differently and using various names for identical zinc fingers.
Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes Bioactivation and Antioxidant Defense
Xenobiotics are commonly referred to as xenobiotics that humans digest or inhale and are not produced by the body, such as foods, drugs, other chemicals, and air pollutants. Metabolic conversion of xenobiotics to facilitate their removal from the body is catalyzed by activation and detoxification enzymes. These enzymes are essential for bioactivation and detoxification of xenobiotics. Many xenobiotics are non-toxic in nature; however, some of them become cytotoxic or carcinogenic after metabolic conversion. Reactive intermediates or metabolites generated during metabolic conversion are generally electrophilic in nature and are either cations or neutral compounds, including reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Metabolic reactive intermediate-mediated oxidative stress can cause damages to cellular components such as impairment of protein functions, membrane lipid peroxidation, and formation of DNA adduct.
Wireless Systems and Network Architectures in Next Generation Internet ; 2nd International Workshop of the EURO-NGI Network of Excellence, Villa Vigoni, Italy, July 13-15, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
The Network of Excellence on Next Generation Internet (EuroNGI) is a Euro-pean project funded by the European Union within the IST programme. Thetarget of the EuroNGI Network is to put together European centers of excellencein the field of networking and engineering with the specific purpose of promot-ing the development of effective technological solutions for the support of thefuture-generation Internet. Besides the Research Activities (RAs), the Networkis composed of Integration Activities (IAs), whose purpose is to foster collabo-rations among different research groups, and Spreading of Excellence Activities(SEAs), whose focus is on the technological transfer of the Network research.
Wireless Systems and Mobility in Next Generation Internet ; 4th International Workshop of the EuroNGI/EuroFGI Network of Excellence Barcelona, Spain, January 16-18, 2008 Revised Selected Papers
This book is organized in topical sections on sensor networks, mesh networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, and cellular networks.
Wireless Systems and Mobility in Next Generation Internet ; 3rd International Workshop of the EURO-NGI Network of Excellence, Sitges, Spain, June 6-9, 2006, Revised Selected Papers
This book It covers WLAN characterization, vehicular networks, WLAN and sensor networks protocols, QoS and routing in ad-hoc networks, heterogeneous networks, resource management in cellular networks, TCP in wireless, and mobility agents.
Wireless Systems and Mobility in Next Generation Internet ; 1st International Workshop of the EURO-NGI Network of Excellence, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, June 7-9, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the first international workshop organized by the European Network of Excellence on Next Generation Internet, EURO-NGI 2004, held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany in June 2004.The 16 revised full research papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on network and capacity planning, medium access and admission control, QoS in wireless networks, and network inter-connection and resource access. The book provides a most relevant presentation of current issues of the next generation Internet in the area of wireless communication for mobile users.
Wireless security architecture : Designing and maintaining secure wireless for enterprise
Offers readers an essential guide to planning, designing, and preserving secure wireless infrastructures. It is a blueprint to a resilient and compliant architecture that responds to regulatory requirements, reduces organizational risk, and conforms to industry best practices. This book emphasizes WiFi security, as well as guidance on private cellular and Internet of Things security. It also includes: Concrete strategies suitable for organizations of all sizes, from large government agencies to small public and private companies / Effective technical resources and real-world sample architectures / Explorations of the relationships between security, wireless, and network elements / Practical planning templates, guides, and real-world case studies demonstrating application of the included concepts
Wireless Network Security
This timely volume, Wireless Network Security, provides broad coverage of wireless security issues including cryptographic coprocessors, encryption, authentication, key management, attacks and countermeasures, secure routing, secure medium access control, intrusion detection, epidemics, security performance analysis, security issues in applications, and much more. The contributions identify various vulnerabilities in the physical layer, MAC layer, IP layer, transport layer, and application layer, and focus on ways for strengthening security mechanisms and services throughout the layers.
Wireless and Mobile Networking ; IFIP Joint Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks (MWCN'2008) and Personal Wireless Communications (PWC'2008), Toulouse, France, September 30 – October 2, 2008
The scope of the book includes: foundations of computer science; software theory and practice; education; computer applications in technology; communication systems; systems modeling and optimization; information systems; computers and society; computer systems technology; security and protection in information processing systems; artificial intelligence; and human-computer interaction.
Window on Surgery and Orthodontics
offers comprehensive coverage of new techniques, important developments, and innovative ideas in all fields of clinical dentistry. Some topics discussed in this compilation include the biomechanical considerations of the extraction site in orthodontics; prognosis of operculectomy procedures in vertically impacted mandibular third molars; a 3D analysis of the loop position in anterior retraction arch wire and its effect on produced forces; comparative evaluation of subepithelial connective tissue grafts and acellular dermal matrix grafts in the treatment of gingival recession; understanding and evaluating the role of local anesthesia in dentistry; a review and case report of supernumerary teeth; the biological effects of static magnetic fields of commercial samarium-cobalt orthodontic magnets on cultured escherichia coli and staphylococci aurous; subpedicle connective tissue grafts; surgical removal of genial tubercules; and a discussion on the development of root analogue implants.
Whole-body regeneration : Methods and protocols
The chapters in this book are organized into six parts. Part One provides a historical overview on the study of the WBR phenomena focusing on the primary challenges of this research. Parts Two and Three explore a series of non-vertebrate zoological contexts that provide experimental models for WBR, showing how they can be approached with cellular tools. Parts Four, Five, and Six discuss the future advancements of WBR, reporting about the cutting-edge techniques in genetics and omics used to dissect the underlying mechanisms of WBR, and systems biology approaches to reach a synthetic view of WBR.
Web Content Delivery
The concept of content delivery has become increasingly more important due to rapidly growing demands for efficient distribution and fast access of information from the Internet. The content can be diverse, ranging from HTML documents, images, multimedia streams, database tables to dynamically generated contents. Moreover, to facilitate ubiquitous information access, the varied network architectures and hardware devices can include broadband wired/fixed networks, bandwidth constrained wireless/mobile networks, powerful workstations/PCs, PDAs and cellular phones. The need to deliver quality information--given the nature of the content, network connections and client devices--introduces various challenges for content delivery technologies.
Water and the Cell
This edited volume deals with the state of water in the vicinity of biological interfaces, both intracellular and extracellular. This issue is of critical importance, for the cell is extremely crowded with interfaces, and as a result practically all cell water is interfacial. The character, or state, of this water may therefore be central to cell function.
Virchows Eulogies : Rudolf Virchow in Tribute to his Fellow Scientists
Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902) was a leading figure in the medical, political and intellectual life of Germany in the second half of the nineteenth century. He became the most famous pathologist of his time, especially through his book "Cellular Pathology" – which discussed pathology in terms of the functioning of the cells in the anatomic lesions of diseases. Virchow's writings were voluminous: he wrote many books and more than 2,000 articles on medicine and anthropology alone. Despite, or perhaps because of, the volume of his writings, only a small proportion is available in English translation. Furthermore, in the translated material there has been little revealed of the man himself and his relations to others.
Unifying Themes in Complex Systems IV ; Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Complex Systems
In June of 2002, over 500 professors, students and researchers met in Boston, Massachusetts for the Fourth International Conference on Complex Systems. The attendees represented a remarkably diverse collection of fields: biology, ecology, physics, engineering, computer science, economics, psychology and sociology, The goal of the conference was to encourage cross-fertilization between the many disciplines represented and to deepen understanding of the properties common to all complex systems. This volume contains 43 papers selected from the more than 200 presented at the conference. Topics include: cellular automata, neurology, evolution, computer science, network dynamics, and urban planning.
Unconventional Computing ; 7th International Conference, UC 2008 Vienna, Austria, August 25-28, 2008. Proceedings
The book is devoted to all aspects of unconventional computation ranging from theoretical and experimental aspects to various applications. Typical topics are: natural computing including quantum, cellular, molecular, neural and evolutionary computing, chaos and dynamical system-based computing, and various proposals for computations that go beyond the Turing model.
Unconventional Computation ; Vol. 4135 ; 5th International Conference, UC 2006, York, UK, September 4-8, 2006, Proceedings
This book about The 5th International Conference on Unconventional Computation, UC 2006,organized under the auspices of the EATCS by the Centre for Discrete Mathe-matics and Theoretical Computer Science of the University of Auckland, and theDepartment of Computer Science of the University of York, was held in York,UK, September 4–8, 2006.
Unconventional Computation ; Vol. 3699 ; 4th International Conference, UC 2005, Sevilla, Spain, October 3-7, Proceedings
The Fourth International Conference on Unconventional Computation, UC 2005, organized under the auspices of EATCS by the Centre for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science and the Department of C- puter Science and Arti?cial Intelligence of the University of Seville, was held in Seville, October 3-7, 2005.
Unconventional Computation ; 6th International Conference, UC 2007, Kingston, Canada, August 13-17, 2007, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Unconventional Computation, UC 2007,organized under the auspices of the EATCS by the Centre for Discrete Math.
Tutorials in Mathematical Biosciences II : Mathematical Modeling of Calcium Dynamics and Signal Transduction
This book presents a series of models in the general area of cell physiology and signal transduction, with particular attention being paid to intracellular calcium dynamics, and the role played by calcium in a variety of cell types. this book also presents much of the underlying physiology, so that readers may learn both the mathematics and the physiology at the same time, and see how the models are applied to specific biological questions.
