الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
West African Youth Challenges and Opportunity Pathways
This book explores obstacles that impede, and potential pathways toward improving, the material and psychological well-being of youth in and from West Africa. Contributors range from researchers to practitioners, offering a transatlantic, transcontinental set of perspectives on the mounting evidence that, whether they reside in poor “underdeveloped” or wealthier (OECD) countries, young people who live in poverty and are African-born or of African descent are disproportionately burdened by the global phenomenon of increasing income inequality.
Transport Equations in Biology
The book contains many ex- ples without mathematical analysis.In some other cases complete mathematical proofs are detailed, but the choice has been a compromise between technicality and ease of interpretation of the mathematical result. It is usual in the ?eld to see mathematics as a blackboxwhere to enter specifc models, often at the expense of simplifcations. Here, the idea is di?erent; the mathematical proof should be close to the ‘natural’ structure of the model and refect somehow its meaning in terms of applications. Dealing with frstorder PDEs,onecould think that the senotesarerelyingon the burden of using the method of characteristics and of defning weak solutions.
Transgenesis and the Management of Vector-Borne Disease
Parasitic, bacterial and viral agents continue to challenge the welfare of humans, livestock, wild life and plants worldwide. The public health impact and financial consequences of these diseases are particularly hard on the already overburdened economies of developing countries especially in the tropics. Many of these disease agents utilize insect hosts (vectors) to achieve their transmission to mammals. In the past, these diseases were largely controlled by insecticide-based vector reduction strategies. Now, many of these diseases have reemerged in the tropics, recolonizing their previous range, and expanding into new territories previously not considered to be endemic. Habitat change, irrigation practices, atmospheric and climate change, insecticide and drug resistance as well as increases in global tourism, human traffic and commercial activities, have driven the reemergence and spread of vector borne diseases. While these diseases can be controlled through interventions aimed at both their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, no effective vaccines exist, and only limited therapeutic prospects are available for their control in mammalian hosts. Molecular technologies such as transgenesis, which is the subject of this book, stand to increase the toolbox and benefit disease management strategies.
Traditional use of medicinal plants for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It may be due to impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 415 million adults between the ages of 20 to 79 years had diabetes mellitus in 2015. DM is proving to be a global public health burden as this number is expected to rise to another 200 million by 2040. Chronic hyperglycemia in synergy with the other metabolic aberrations in patients with diabetes mellitus can cause damage to various organ systems, leading to the development of disabling and life-threatening health complications, most prominent of which are microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications leading to a 2-fold to a 4-fold increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
The role of nutrition in preventing chronic diseases
The importance of nutrition in the prevention of chronic disease has been recognized for some time in the global community. In developing countries, the problem is sometimes referred to as double burden of disease, where malnutrition exists in the company of growing rates of lifestyle related diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The frontiers of science have brought forth new understanding of the links between early under-nutrition and the later development of chronic lifestyle related disease, challenging the nutrition scientist and practitioner to evaluate practice to better support health throughout the life course...
The Once-Only Principle : The TOOP Project
This Book State-of-the-Art Survey describes and documents the developments and results of the Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP). The Once-Only Principle (OOP) is part of the seven underlying principles of the eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020. It aims to make the government more effective and to reduce administrative burdens by asking citizens and companies to provide certain standard information to the public authorities only once. The project was horizontal and policy-driven with the aim of showing that the implementation of OOP in a cross-border and cross-sector setting is feasible. The book summarizes the results of the project from policy, organizational, architectural, and technical points of view. This book has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 737460
The Health of Aging Hispanics : The Mexican-Origin Population
In this unique volume, contributions provide initial information on numerous factors that affect the health security of Mexican-origin families and individuals as they face the burdens of decline in health status and caring for children and the elderly simultaneously, including health issues before and after immigration. Also included is material addressing important issues related to the contemporary political debate on immigration and healthcare reform in the United States and Mexico. In the coming decades, collections such as this will be critical to develop a better understanding of how immigration from Latin America, Asia and Africa to the United States produces health disparities in our aging population.
The Effective Tax Burden on Highly Qualified Employees : An International Comparison
Taxes on the highly skilled are an important cost factor for companies competing internationally for talent. This book provides an international comparison of the effective level of taxes and social security charges imposed on highly qualified employees. Based on a newly developed inter-temporal simulation model, the attractiveness of 7 EU Member States, 12 Swiss cantons, and the United States is assessed. Several compensation packages including old-age provision, fringe benefits, and long-term incentives as well as various income levels and family situations are considered in the analysis. The book also contains a comprehensive survey of social security and tax systems in the countries studied.
The Effective Tax Burden of Companies in European Regions: An International Comparison
The tax burden on investment or companies is an important factor for the attractiveness of a country or a region. In particular, business location and investment decisions are influenced by the relative tax burdens encountered in different regions. This study presents estimates of the effective average and marginal tax rates on company investment for 143 regions in Europe and the USA. Using the approach pioneered by Michael Devereux and Rachel Griffith, it is shown that companies face a wide variation of effective tax burdens across European regions. The results are explained by analysing the importance of specific tax provisions for the tax burden at the various locations.
Stroke Recovery with Cellular Therapies
As the leading cause of adult disability, stroke poses substantial economic and psychological burdens to populations around the world. Against this dismal backdrop, several novel "neurorestorative" approaches are being investigated as adjunctive treatments to physiotherapy. Stroke Recovery with Cellular Therapies discusses the promising investigations around the world on cell-based therapies to enhance recovery from stroke. Throughout this groundbreaking text, chapters detail the potential benefits of various types of cells and approaches for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and all studies rely upon traditional histological and functional outcomes. Among the topics detailed in this volume are transplanting immortalized neural stem cells, transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells, adipose-derived stem cells, endogenous neural stem cells in tissue remodeling, and an investigation into the ethics of stem cell research.
Sickle cell anemia : A New era of awareness in Syria
In industrialized countries, about 3% of pregnancies result in significant genetic diseases or birth defects, leading to severe conditions or early death. The prevalence of SCA is estimated by Friends of Thalassemia and Genetic Blood Disorders Association at 2,500 patients in Syria, with 500 in Damascus, and cases are increasing. The high rate of consanguinity suggests a higher prevalence of these disorders, imposing substantial medical, financial, and emotional burdens.
Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights : Global Inequities, Challenges, and Opportunities for Action
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the health inequities and human rights issues faced by sex workers globally across diverse contexts, and outlines evidence-based strategies and best practices. Sex workers face severe health and social inequities, largely as the result of structural factors including punitive and criminalized legal environments, stigma, and social and economic exclusion and marginalization. Although previous work has largely emphasized an elevated burden and gaps in HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services in sex work, less attention has been paid to the broader health and human rights concerns faced by sex workers. This contributed volume addresses this gap.
Risks facing insurance companies in Syria by using 5 step dupont analysis model
Investigates the financial risk of Syrian insurance companies through multiple years of ratio analysis using the five step dupont framework. by breaking down return on equity into its key components-net profit margin, asset utilization, equity multiplier, tax burden, and interest burden-the research identifies the main reasons of profitability and financial vulnerability from 2015 to 2023. The study highlights the value of ratio, based analysis in predicting insurer risk, especially in economically unstable environments like Syria.
Pocket Guide Pain Management
In the United States about 50 million people sufer from recurrent or chronic pain, and nearly 10% of adults take medication for pain daily. Further, the disease burden of pain is expected to grow, relative to other illnesses and conditions. Despite the advances in pain medicine, most physicians are not - equately trained to treat chronic or even acute pain. As in other felds of medicine, pain medicine has long been dominated by expert op- ion relying on personal expertise, and only recently has a systematic evaluation of treatments in the terms of “evidence-based medicine” been performed. And also as in other felds of medicine, a lot can be achieved in pain medicine when certain basic diagnostic and therapeutic pathways are f- lowed correctly; more than can be achieved when only a few specialists are able to treat these conditions. “Standard operating procedures” (SOPs) are supposed to be concise practical aids for clinicians, standardizing treatments, diagnostic pa- ways and procedures in one of sometimes many possible ways.
PHP Object-Oriented Solutions
With the surge of popularity of PHP 5, object-oriented programming is now an important consideration for PHP developers. This version-neutral book is a gentle introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) that won't overburden you with complex theory. It teaches you the essential basics of OOP that you'll need to know before moving onto a more advanced level, and includes a series of prepackaged scripts that you can incorporate into your existing sites with the minimum of effort. It shows how object-oriented programming can be used to create reusable and portable code by walking you through a series of simple projects. The projects feature the sorts of things developers run up against every day, and include a validator for filtering user input, a simple Date class that avoids the need to remember all the esoteric format codes in PHP, and an XML generator.
Oral Health and Herbal Medicine
Oral health loss is one of the major problems existing all over the world and is one of the top causes of death when unmanaged. The oral cavity is home to numerous pathogenic microorganisms, some of which are responsible for the progression and development of various systemic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and myocardial infarction. Worldwide, 60–90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults have dental cavities, often leading to pain and discomfort. There are implications for the global economy as well, due to the continuous burden of investing resources to maintain oral hygiene. Not surprisingly, developing countries are disproportionally affected. There is thus an urgent need to develop economical solutions for the treatment of oral diseases.
Oral diseases
Oral diseases are one of the more common non-communicable health diseases. They pose a major health burden for many countries and affect people throughout their lifetime causing pain, discomfort, disfigurement, and even death. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of various oral diseases with emphasis on the pathogenesis, investigation, and the management protocol of different oral and maxillofacial diseases.
Object-Oriented Technology. ECOOP 2004 Workshop Reader ; ECOOP 2004 Workshop, Oslo, Norway, June 14-18, 2004, Final Reports
Following the tradition of the ECOOP Workshop Reader, we strove for hi- quality, value-adding and open-ended workshop reports. The result, as you can judge from the following pages, is a thought-provoking snap shot of the current- searchinobject-orientation, full of pointers for further exploration of the covered topics. We want to thank our workshop organizers who, despite the additional burden, did a great job in putting together these reports.
Numerical analysis
Introduces readers to the theory and application of modern numerical approximation techniques. Providing an accessible treatment that only requires a calculus prerequisite, the authors explain how, why, and when approximation techniques can be expected to work-and why, in some situations, they fail. A wealth of examples and exercises develop readers' intuition, and demonstrate the subject's practical applications to important everyday problems in math, computing, engineering, and physical science disciplines.
Noncommunicable diseases
Focuses on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease and their five shared main risk factors (tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and air pollution) as defined by the United Nations, this book provides a synopsis of one of the world’s biggest challenges of the 21st century. NCDs prematurely claim the lives of millions of people across the world every year, with untold suffering to hundreds of millions more, trapping many people in poverty and curtailing economic growth and sustainable development. While resources between and within countries largely differ, the key principles of surveillance, prevention and management apply to all countries, as does the need to focus resources on the most cost-effective and affordable interventions and the need for strong political will, sufficient resources, and sustained and broad partnerships. This compendium consists of 59 short and accessible chapters in six sections: (i) describing and measuring the burden and impact of NCDs / (ii) the burden, epidemiology and priority interventions for individual NCDs / (iii) social determinants and risk factors for NCDs and priority interventions / (iv) global policy / (v) cross-cutting issues / and (vi) stakeholder action.
