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A History of Physical Theories of Comets, From Aristotle to Whipple
The book describes the major physical theories of comets in the past two millennia. It demonstrates the evolution of ideas about the nature, position, motion and physical constitution of comets from Aristotle to Whipple. Unlike the available works on the history of comets, which either illustrate relatively short periods in the history of physical cometology or portray a landscape view without adequate details, the present study focuses on details of each theory. It also investigates the interaction between observational and mathematical astronomy, and the physical sciences in defining the properties of comets.
Marine Biodiversity : Patterns and Processes, Assessment, Threats, Management and Conservation
Understanding the functioning of Marine Ecosystems is the first step to measure and predict the influence of Man, and to find solutions for the enormous array of problems we face today. This volume is organised according to the four subthemes of the symposium and to issues commonly perceived as relevant by scientists concerned with the study, protection and management of Marine Biodiversity: patterns and processes, assessment, threats and management and conservation.
Liver and Biliary Tract Surgery : Embryological Anatomy to 3D-Imaging and Transplant Innovations
The book also covers cutting-edge research and technological advances that will shape the surgery of tomorrow. There is little doubt that technological advances in preoperative imaging, such as 3-D reconstruction, preoperative preparation with portal vein embolisation and operative techniques using bloodless RF resection methods, are already changing the nature of liver surgery.
Landscape Ecological Applications in Man-Influenced Areas : Linking Man and Nature Systems
This book also includes several case studies concerning landscape analysis and evaluation using spatial analysis and landscape modelling for establishing sustainable management strategy in urban and agricultural landscapes. The subtitle of the book suggests the integrative and ubiquitous landscape planning considering harmony of man and nature systems in the socio-economic and cultural background.
La riabilitazione dei disturbi cognitivi nella sclerosi multipla = The rehabilitation of cognitive disorders in multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is one of the most frequent causes of chronic disability in young adults. It mainly affects individuals between 20 and 50 years of age, with a peak of incidence around the age of 30. This disease is characterized by the presence of demyelinating lesions of an inflammatory nature disseminated in the central nervous system. The different localization of these lesions is at the basis of the variability of clinical symptoms which can be characterized by motor, sensory, neurovegetative and cognitive disorders. The latter concern about half of the patients affected by this pathology and have a significant impact on the personal, family and work situation of these patients.
La colografia virtuale con TC multistrato (CTC) = Virtual colonography with multislice CT
With the spread of multidetector row CT (MDCT), virtual colonography (VC) is establishing itself as a new, proven alternative radiological method in the diagnosis of intestinal polyps and colorectal cancer. VC is already considered the first-line examination for identifying synchronous tumor lesions in patients with colorectal cancers that cannot be penetrated by endoscope, simultaneously providing accurate staging of malignant lesions. Its minimally invasive nature makes VC a valid alternative to pancolonoscopy, even in the detection of intestinal polyps, and provides the basis for interesting developments regarding future applications in screening programs. The text, aimed at radiologists who are approaching the method, radiology technicians and doctors involved in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of colorectal pathology, indicates the advantages of the normal method, the normal method with fourteen chondrii, the normal method with fourteen chondrii, the pathological method with fourteen chondrii indications.
Clinical microbiology made ridiculously simple
Is a brief, clear, thorough, and updated approach to clinical microbiology, brimming with mnemonics, humor, summary charts, and illustrations. Topics include Ebola, AIDS, flesh-eating bacteria, mad cow disease, hantavirus, anthrax, smallpox, and tuberculosis; the latest antibiotics; pandemic flu, including H7N9; SARS-like coronavirus; hepatitis C treatment options; HIV diagnostics and approved HIV meds; Zika virus; measles; and a new chapter on the latest emerging infectious diseases and drug-resistant bacteria. The major update to this book is the addition of a new chapter on the SARS-COV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease, which delves into the nature of the virus such as infectivity within the body, transmission between individuals, timeline of infectivity, symptoms, risk factors, therapeutics, and vaccines approved for use.
Chromatin and Disease
It is more evident now than ever before that dynamic organization of human genome into nucleoprotein structure, chromatin confers the unique regulatory mechanisms for most of the cellular phenomena, which include replication, transcription, DNA repair, recombination and also apoptosis. The dynamic nature of the chromatin is regulated by chromatin modifications (epigenetic alterations), remodeling, histone chaperones and functional interactions of different chromatin interacting n- histone proteins. Dysfunction of this highly inter connected machineries disturb the cellular homoeostasis, and thereby causes several diseases. As we advance in our knowledge of chromatin function and also disease mechanisms in more details, their causal relationship is becoming more evident. This has lead to the identification of chromatin function as target for new generation therapeutics.
Chemistry of natural products : phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of medicinal plants
Plants produce secondary metabolites that humans harness for their own benefit. About half of drugs currently in clinical use are based on these chemicals found in nature. Chemistry of Natural Products covers secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants and their biosynthesis, biological activities, and isolation and separation techniques.
Cell-Cell Channels
The biological sciences are dominated by the idea that cells are the functionally autonomous, physically separated, discrete units of life. This concept was propounded in the 19th century by discoveries of the cellular structuring of both plants and animals. Moreover, the ap parent autonomy of unicellular eukaryotes, as well as the cellular basis of the mammalian brain (an organ whose anatomy for a long while defied attempts to validate the idea of the cellular nature of its neurons), seemed to provide the final conclusive evidence for the completeness of *cell theory', a theory which has persisted in an almost dogmatic form up to the present day. However, it is very obvious that there are numerous observations which indicate that it is not the cells which serve as the basic units of biological life but that this property falls to some other, subcellular assemblage. To deal with this intricate problem concerning the fundamental unit of living matter, we proposed the so-called Cell Body concept which, in fact, devel ops an exceedingly original idea proposed by Julius Sachs at the end of the 19th century. In the case of eukaryotic cells, DNA-enriched nuclei are intimately associated with a microtubular cytoskeleton. In this configuration—as a Cell Body—these two items comprise the fundamental functional and struc tural unit of eukaryotic living matter. The Cell Body seems to be inherent to all cells in all organisms.
Cell Adhesion and Cytoskeletal Molecules in Metastasis
In this volume, the expression of specific adhesion molecules within human cancer tissues are highlighted. The expression signatures from published DNA microarray and immunohistochemistry studies are detailed. The concept that the alteration of specific adhesion molecules influence the cancer migration ability and cancer damage responses is detailed in this volume; both features are essential for the survival of an invading tumor cell. Defining the minimal adhesion receptors preserved on cancer cells during tumor progression will define the metastatic adhesion signature. Understanding the metastatic adhesion signature will reveal vulnerabilities that could be exploited for the prevention and/or eradication of the invading cancer cell.
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cardiac rehabilitation can be extremely complex art. In Cardiac Rehabilitation, expert authors provide state-of-the-art information that serves as a manual to the multidisciplinary nature of cardiac rehabilitation in the current era, the current state of cardiac rehabilitation, and the issues facing current CR programs. Covering the major components of a CR program, including medical therapy, exercise, nutrition, and behavioral therapy, from referral to testing to individualizing the program for the participants, the volume is a thorough, vital guide to this important field.
Cancer Clinical Trials : Proactive Strategies
The ever-changing regulations for clinical trials and the ethical dilemma of treating cancer patients as subjects have made it ever so difficult for the principal investigators to conduct clinical research, especially when they are often ill-informed of the complex nature of the regulations and over-worked. Therefore, cancer clinical trials are at a critical junction. The objective of this book is to bring the issues of cancer clinical trials into focus so that proactive strategies may be developed to make such trials more user-friendly. Ultimately, the cancer patients will be benefited.
Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents : A New Dilemma for the 21st Century
Since the terrorist attack on the United States on September 11, 2001 and subsequent cases of anthrax in Florida and New York City, attention has been focused on the threat of b- logical warfare and bioterrorism. Biological warfare agents are de?ned as “living org- isms, whatever their nature, or infected material derived from them, which are used for h- tile purposes and intended to cause disease or death in man, animals and plants, and depend for their efforts on the ability to multiply in person, animal or plant attacked.” Biological warfare agents may be well suited for bioterrorism to create havoc and terror in a civilian population, because they are cheap and easy to obtain and dispense. Infectious or contagious diseases have played a major part in the history of warfare – deliberately or inadvertently – in restricting or assisting invading armies over the centuries. In 1346, the Tartars catapulted plaque-infected bodies into Kaffa in the Crimea to end a 3-year siege. Blankets contaminated with smallpox to infect North American Indians were used by British forces in the 18th century. More recently, the Japanese released ?eas infected with plaque in Chinese cities in the 1930s and 1940s. Biological research programs for both offensive and defensive strategies have been developed by the United States, Britain, the former Soviet Union, and Canada; several other nations are thought to have such programs.
Biological Invasions in New Zealand
Man’s recent colonization of New Zealand has dramatically altered the resident biota and resulted in the introduction of numerous alien organisms to these once remote islands. In reverse, there is increasing evidence of a lesser known export of species to other regions of the world. This volume presents an in-depth review of the level and rate of such invasions, and investigates what controls the success of invaders and the consequences for ecosystems both on land and offshore. It provides invasion biologists everywhere with tests of current theories about those factors leading to the success of invaders as well as evaluating principles for understanding the nature of their impacts that form a solid basis for the effective management of biological invasions worldwide.
Biodiversity of angola : Science & conservation : A modern synthesis
The book identifies Angola as one of the most biologically diverse countries in Africa, but notes that its fauna, flora, habitats and the processes that drive the dynamics of its ecosystems.
Biodiversity Conservation and Phylogenetic Systematics : Preserving our evolutionary heritage in an extinction crisis
This book brings an updated state of the art of phylogenetic diversity in conservation biology. Nineteen chapters written by scientists from research institutions of fourteen countries demonstrate that approaches for preserving the evolutionary heritage are now very tuned into human impacts and sustainability issues. The questions, methods and applications around which it is organized show the importance of phylogenetic diversity in avoiding biodiversity losses in the present extinction crisis. They touch important points such as the way we value phylogenetic diversity, the importance of thinking at a much wider sample of the Tree of Life, the choice of adequate measures. In methods section, new solutions, such as dealing with abundances, sampling effort, or with information coming from conflicting phylogenetic trees are provided. Application section includes study cases of different groups of organi
Algal Toxins : Nature, Occurrence, Effect and Detection
This volume contains the lectures and seminars given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensor Systems for Biological Threads: The Algal Toxins Case”, held in Pisa, Italy in October, 2007. Algae can form heavy growths in ponds, lakes, reservoirs and sl- moving rivers throughout the world; algae can house toxins which are - ually released into water when the cells rupture or die. Hundreds of toxins have been identified so far. Detection methods, including rapid screening, have been developed to help us learning more about them, especially to find out which toxins are a real threat for people and what conditions encourage their production and accumulation. Early detection of algal toxins is an - portant aspect for public safety and natural environment, and significant efforts are underway to develop effective and reliable tools that can be used for this purpose.
Algal Toxins : Nature, Occurrence, Effect and Detection
This volume contains the lectures and seminars given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensor Systems for Biological Threads: The Algal Toxins Case”, held in Pisa, Italy in October, 2007. Algae can form heavy growths in ponds, lakes, reservoirs and sl- moving rivers throughout the world; algae can house toxins which are - ually released into water when the cells rupture or die. Hundreds of toxins have been identified so far. Detection methods, including rapid screening, have been developed to help us learning more about them, especially to find out which toxins are a real threat for people and what conditions encourage their production and accumulation. Early detection of algal toxins is an - portant aspect for public safety and natural environment, and significant efforts are underway to develop effective and reliable tools that can be used for this purpose.
Adaptive dynamic programming for chemotherapy drug delivery
Focuses on the practical application of Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP) in chemotherapy drug delivery, taking into account clinical variables and real-time data. ADP's ability to adapt to changing conditions and make optimal decisions in complex and uncertain situations makes it a valuable tool in addressing pressing challenges in healthcare and other fields. As optimization technology evolves, we can expect to see even more sophisticated and powerful solutions emerge.
