الصفحة 4
الصفحة 4
Learning from nature how to design new implantable biomaterialsis : From biomineralization fundamentals to biomimetic materials and processing routes ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Alvor, Algarve, Portugal, 13-24 October 2003
The demands upon the material properties largely depend on the site of application and the function it has to restore. Ideally, a replacement material should mimic the living tissue from a mechanical, chemical, biological and functional point of view.
Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction
Systems at the surface of the Earth are continually responding to energy inputs derived from solar radiation or from the radiogenic heat in the interior. These energy inputs drive plate movements and erosion, exposing metastable mineral phases at the Earth’s surface. In addition, these energy fluxes are harvested and transformed by living organisms. As long as these processes persist, chemical disequilibrium at the Earth’s surface will be perpetuated. Chemical disequilibrium is also driven by human activities related to production of food, extraction of water and energy resources, and burial of wastes. To understand how the surface of the Earth will change over time, we must understand the rates at which reactions occur and the chemical feedbacks that relate these reactions across extreme temporal and spatial scales. This book addresses fundamental and applied questions concerning the rates of water-rock interactions driven by tectonic, climatic, and anthropogenic forcings.
Common Chinese materia medica ; Vol.10
Records 5 species of resin, 74 species of animals, 41 species of minerals and fossils. There are resins such as Liquidambar orientalis, Commiphore myrrha, Boswellia carterii, Garcinia hanburyi; animals such as Solenognathus hardwickii, , Cervus nippon, Scolopendra subspinipes, Cryptotympana pustulata, Agkistrodon acutus, Bombyx mori, Collocalia esculenta, Moschus moschiferus, Hippocampus kelloggi, Gekko gekko; minerals and fossils such as mercury, gypsum, alum, mirabilite, cinnabar, actinolite, calomel, keel, dens draconis, lithodes, fossilia spiriferis.
Clays
Here is a comprehensive and up to-do-date presentation of the origins, and properties of clay minerals at the Earths surface. Concluding chapters show that clay minerals can form in variety of different environments: meteorites, lavas, subduction zones, among others.
Ceramic and Glass Materials : Structure, Properties and Processing
Ceramic and Glass Materials: Structure, Properties and Processing is a concise and comprehensive guide to the key ceramic and glass materials used in modern technology. Each chapter focuses on the structure-property relationships for these important materials and expands the reader’s understanding of their nature by simultaneously discussing the technology of their processing methods. In each case, the resulting understanding of the contemporary applications of the materials provides insights as to their future roles in twenty first century engineering and technology. Organized to be a practical and comprehensive resource, each chapter is dedicated to a specific material such as: alumina, mullite, sillimanite minerals, aluminates, quartz and silicas, refractory oxides, clays, concrete and cement, lead compounds, and zirconia.
Carbon in the Geobiosphere : Earth's outer shell
Carbon and carbon dioxide always played an important role in the geobiosphere that is part of the Earth’s outer shell and surface environment. The book’s eleven chapters cover the fundamentals of the biogeochemical behavior of carbon near the Earth’s surface, in the atmosphere, minerals, waters, air-sea exchange, and inorganic and biological processes fractionating the carbon isotopes, and its role in the evolution of inorganic and biogenic sediments, ocean water, the coupling to nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, and the future of the carbon cycle in the Anthropocene. This book is mainly a reference text for Earth and environmental scientists; it presents an overview of the origins and behavior of the carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide, and the human effects on them. The book can also be used for a one-semester course at an intermediate to advanced level addressing the behavior of the carbon and related cycles.
Bone disorders
• Bone is the specialized type of connective tissue that has extracellular matrix containing calcium salts. • As bone is a connective tissue, it consists of cells and matrix. • Mineralized extracellular matrix provides hardness to bones. • Bone is a living tissue that shows dynamic structural changes in response to physical stress and hormonal changes. • In addition to support and protection of vital organs, bones act as a storehouse for calcium and phosphates. • Bone also performs hematopoietic function (production of blood cells).
Biomining
Biomining is the biotechnology that uses microorganisms to recover metals, in particular copper and gold, from ores and concentrates. Having developed from a very simple operational (in terms of both engineering and biology) process, biomining has developed into a multifaceted technology, to the extent that many of the largest industrial stirred tanks and heaps throughout the world are employed for bioprocessing minerals. This book has a strong applied approach and describes emerging and established industrial processes, as well as the underlying theory of the process, and the biology of the microorganisms involved. Chapters have been written by personnel from leading biomining companies, consultants and internationally recognized researchers and academics
Biomineralization II : Mineralization Using Synthetic Polymers and Templates
In nature, biological organisms produce mineralized tissues such as bone, teeth, diatoms, and shells. Biomineralization is the sophisticated process of production of these inorganic minerals by living organisms. Construction of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with controlled mineralization analogous to those produced by nature has recently received much attention because it can aid in understanding the mechanisms of the biomineralization process and development of biomimetic materials processing. The biomineralization processes use aqueous solutions at temperatures below 100 ◦C and no toxic intermediates are produced in these systems. This series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research. The short and concise reports on chemistry are each written by world renowned experts. This series is still valid and useful after 5 or 10 years.
Biomineralization I : Crystallization and Self-Organization Process
The five chapters of Biomineralization, volume 1, provide a bridge between the mineralogy and the organic substrates that enable the mineral formation by organisms in nature and under laboratory conditions. The book is a most useful reference for all concerned with biomineralization and biogenic minerals.In nature, biological organisms produce mineralized tissues such as bone, teeth, diatoms, and shells. Biomineralization is the sophisticated process of production of these inorganic minerals by living organisms. Construction of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with controlled mineralization analogous to those produced by nature has recently received much attention because it can aid in understanding the mechanisms of the biomineralization process and development of biomimetic materials processing.
Biomineralization : From molecular and nano-structural analyses to environmental science
Over the past 45 years, biomineralization research has unveiled details of the characteristics of the nano-structure of various biominerals; the formation mechanism of this nano-structure, including the initial stage of crystallization; and the function of organic matrices in biominerals, and this knowledge has been applied to dental, medical, pharmaceutical, materials, agricultural and environmental sciences and paleontology. As such, biomineralization is an important interdisciplinary research area, and further advances are expected in both fundamental and applied research.
Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce
This book presents a concise and comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and management of Norway spruce. It integrates classic and contemporary literature (more than 2000 works cited in the text), highlighting basic research and forestry practices in central and eastern Europe. The topics include anatomy and morphology, physiology and nutrition, reproductive biology and genetics, and ecology. In addition, it examines mycorrhiza, diseases and pests as well as silviculture and wood products. In the light of increasing threats to forest health from air pollution, climate change, and insects and disease, it provides an essential information source to those concerned with the ecology, conservation, and management of the species
Biological Calcification : Normal and Pathological Processes in the Early Stages
This book follows a precursor volume devoted to biological calci?cation, - sued by the CRC Press, Boca Raton (Florida) in 1992. Several basic aspects of the calci?cation process were analyzed in it by outstanding authors who had unquestioned competence in their respective research areas. Its main aim was that of giving readers access to a series of papers which, even though they discussed divergent aspects of biological calci?cations drawn from the study of systems as different as vertebrate skeletons and mollusks, in vitro cultures and unicellular organisms, ectopic calci?cation and urinary stones, provided elements permitting a coherent approach to a comprehensive view of the calci?cation process in biological tissues.
Bioceramic Materials in Clinical Endodontics
This book focuses on hydraulic calcium silicate-based materials available in clinical dentistry, used as pulp capping materials, root canal sealers, root-end fillers, or root repair materials and which offer improved properties and easier clinical application compared with the original mineral trioxide aggregate. The book introduces the current classification of bioceramic materials and explains their characterization and their physicochemical and biological properties.
Bioactive Materials in Dentistry : Remineralization and Biomineralization
Addresses the use of different bioactive materials in dentistry, considering the performance of these biomaterials in the hard tissues of the tooth, and the response of the dental pulp, as well as the influence of the composition of these materials and of the individual’s systemic alterations in bioactivity and in antimicrobial activity. The several in vivo and in vitro tests to evaluate the bioactivity of a biomaterial will also be addressed.
Bee products : Chemical and biological properties
Presents an updated discussion on the chemical composition and biological properties of the main bee products, which until now have been presented separately in different editions This book scoops out studies about bee products most used in marketing and in traditional medicine such as honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee pollen and bee venom Discusses chemical composition and biological function of the different bee products on topics such as nutrition, aging and age-related diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and pathogen infections Bee products are rich in several essential nutrients and non essential nutrients, as sugars, minerals, proteins, free amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and polyphenols, that seem to be closely related to their biological functions. The effects of these products in nutrition, aging and age-related diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and pathogen infections are discussed.
Automation in construction toward resilience : Robotics, smart materials and intelligent systems
Presents all aspects of automation in construction pertaining to the use of information technologies in design, engineering, construction technologies, and maintenance and management of constructed facilities. The broad scope encompasses all stages of the construction life cycle from initial planning and design, through the construction of the facility, its operation, and maintenance, to the eventual dismantling and recycling of buildings and engineering structures
Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Nearfield Optical Microscopy and Nanoscratching : Application to Rough and Natural Surfaces
Making a clear distinction is made between nano- and micro-mechanical testing for physical reasons, this monograph describes the basics and applications of the supermicroscopies AFM and SNOM, and of the nanomechanical testing on rough and technical natural surfaces in the submicron range down to a lateral resolution of a few nm. New or improved instrumentation, new physical laws and unforeseen new applications in all branches of natural sciences (around physics, chemistry, mineralogy, materials science, biology and medicine) and nanotechnology are covered as well as the sources for pitfalls and errors.
Atlas of mineral deposits distribution in China
Includes instruction of national mineral database 2020 and atlas of national mineral deposits distribution derived from national mineral database 2020. National mineral database 2020 is based on data from National Geological Archives China(NGAC). Moreover, it introduces the construction method and updates maintenance mechanism of the mineral deposits database and proposes the concept of updating data based on collected archives. The construction guideline on national mineral deposits database provides guiding framework for the future development on geological database.
Aquaponics Food Production Systems : Combined Aquaculture and Hydroponic Production Technologies for the Future
This book, written by world experts in aquaponics and related technologies, provides the authoritative and comprehensive overview of the key aquaculture and hydroponic and other integrated systems, socio-economic and environmental aspects. Aquaponic systems, which combine aquaculture and vegetable food production offer alternative technology solutions for a world that is increasingly under stress through population growth, urbanisation, water shortages, land and soil degradation, environmental pollution, world hunger and climate change.
