الصفحة 6
الصفحة 6
Flux-corrected transport : Principles, algorithms, and applications
Addressing students and researchers as well as CFD practitioners, this book describes the state of the art in the development of high-resolution schemes based on the Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) paradigm. Intended for readers who have a solid background in Computational Fluid Dynamics, the book begins with historical notes by J.P. Boris and D.L. Book. Review articles that follow describe recent advances in the design of FCT algorithms as well as various algorithmic aspects. The topics addressed in the book and its main highlights include: the derivation and analysis of classical FCT schemes with special emphasis on the underlying physical and mathematical constraints; flux limiting for hyperbolic systems; generalization of FCT to implicit time-stepping and finite element discretizations on unstructured meshes and its role as a subgrid scale model for Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES) of turbulent flows. The proposed enhancements of the FCT methodology also comprise the prelimiting and 'failsafe' adjustment of antidiffusive fluxes, the use of characteristic variables, and iterative flux correction. The cause and cure of detrimental clipping/terracing effects are discussed. Many numerical examples are presented for academic test problems and large-scale applications alike.
Finite model theory and its applications
This book gives a broad overview of core topics of finite model theory: expressive power, descriptive complexity, and zero-one laws, together with selected applications to database theory and artificial intelligence, especially, constraint databases and constraint satisfaction problems. The final chapter provides a concise modern introduction to modal logic, which emphasizes the continuity in spirit and technique with finite model theory. This underlying spirit involves the use of various fragments of, and hierarchies within, first order, second order, fixed point, and infinitary logics to gain insight into phenomena in complexity theory and combinatorics.
Financial market imperfections and corporate decisions : Lessons from the transition process in Hungary
The book presents the results of an empirical investigation of the behaviour of Hungarian firms during the transition process focusing in particular on the role of financial market imperfections for corporate capital structure and investment decisions. The results suggest that financial market reforms have succeeded, albeit partially, in hardening firms's budget constraints and improving the efficiency of the credit allocation process. In particular, following the introduction of the banking sector reform and of the new bankruptcy law, budget constraints became more binding for small private firms, while informational costs became less relevant for foreign-owned firms.
Filtering Theory : With Applications to Fault Detection, Isolation, and Estimation
The focus of this book is on filtering for linear processes, and its primary goal is to design filters from a class of linear stable unbiased filters that yield an estimation error with the lowest root-mean-square (RMS) norm. Various hierarchical classes of filtering problems are defined based on the availability of statistical knowledge regarding noise, disturbances, and other uncertainties. An important characteristic of the approach employed in this work for several aspects of filter analysis and design is structural in nature, revealing an inherent freedom to incorporate other classical secondary engineering constraints—such as placement of filter poles at desired locations—in filter design. Such a structural approach requires an understanding of powerful tools that then may be used in several engineering applications besides filtering.
Feasibility and Infeasibility in Optimization : Algorithms and Computational Methods
Feasibility and Infeasibility in Optimization is a timely expository book that summarizes the state of the art in both classical and recent algorithms related to feasibility and infeasibility in optimization, with a focus on practical methods. All model forms are covered, including linear, nonlinear, and mixed-integer programs. Connections to related work in constraint programming are shown. Part I of the book addresses algorithms for seeking feasibility quickly, including new methods for the difficult cases of nonlinear and mixed-integer programs. Part II provides algorithms for analyzing infeasibility by isolating minimal infeasible (or maximum feasible) subsets of constraints, or by finding the best repair for the infeasibility. Infeasibility analysis algorithms have arisen primarily over the last two decades, and the book covers these in depth and detail. Part III describes applications in numerous areas outside of direct infeasibility analysis such as finding decision trees for data classification, analyzing protein folding, radiation treatment planning, automated test assembly, etc.
Extremum Problems for Eigenvalues of Elliptic Operators
Problems linking the shape of a domain or the coefficients of an elliptic operator to the sequence of its eigenvalues are among the most fascinating of mathematical analysis. In this book, we focus on extremal problems. For instance, we look for a domain which minimizes or maximizes a given eigenvalue of the Laplace operator with various boundary conditions and various geometric constraints. We also consider the case of functions of eigenvalues. We investigate similar questions for other elliptic operators, such as the Schrödinger operator, non homogeneous membranes, or the bi-Laplacian, and we look at optimal composites and optimal insulation problems in terms of eigenvalues.
Extracting Methods of Essential laurel oil and Fixed oil, Their effects on bacteria
Laurus nobilis is an evergreen plant belonging to the Lauraceae family, native to Southern Europe and the Mediterranean area. This is the report on the composition and bioactivity of laurel essential oil (EO) from leaves and extraction essential oil by two solvents (water and ethanol 69%) using by two devices (Clevenger and evaporator) then we apply the effect of oil and extract on the bacteria. there are some differences between the extraction by water and ethanol . The antibacterial properties of laurel EOs were examined according to the agar well diffusion method The leaf EO showed antibacterial activities against almost all strains of the microorganisms tested, whereas the twig EO was only able to inhibit Staphylococcus aurous and Escherichia coli were the bacterial strains that showed the highest resistance to the laurel EO. The results can benefit the EO industry and bio pesticide development.
Evolutionary Scheduling
Evolutionary scheduling is a vital research domain at the interface of two important sciences - artificial intelligence and operational research. Scheduling problems are generally complex, large scale, constrained, and multi-objective in nature, and classical operational research techniques are often inadequate at solving them effectively. With the advent of computation intelligence, there is renewed interest in solving scheduling problems using evolutionary computational techniques. These techniques, which include genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary strategies, memetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, ant colony systems, etc, are derived from biologically inspired concepts and are well-suited to solve scheduling problems since they are highly scalable and flexible in terms of handling constraints and multiple objectives. This edited book gives an overview of many of the current developments in the large and growing field of evolutionary scheduling, and demonstrates the applicability of evolutionary computational techniques to solve scheduling problems, not only to small-scale test problems, but also fully-fledged real-world problems.
Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization ; 4th International Conference, EMO 2007, Matsushima, Japan, March 5-8, 2007, Proceedings
Multicriterion optimization refers to problems with two or more objectives (normally in conflict with each other) which must be simultaneously satisfied. Evolutionary algorithms have been used for solving multicriterion optimization problems for over two decades, gaining an increasing attention from industry. This book included four keynote speakers: Hirotaka Nakayama on aspiration level methods, Kay Chen Tan on large and computationally intensive real-world MO optimization problems, Carlos Fonseca on decision making, and Gary B. Lamont on design of large-scale network centric systems.
Evolutionary Computer Music
The evolutionary computation approach to music is an exciting new development for composers and musicologists alike. For composers, it provides an innovative and natural means for generating musical ideas from a specifiable set of primitive components and processes. For musicologists, these techniques are used to model the cultural transmission and change of a population's body of musical ideas over time. In both cases, musical evolution can be guided by a variety of constraints and tendencies built into the system, such as realistic psychological factors that influence the way music is expressed, experienced, learned, stored, modified, and passed on among individuals. This book discusses not only the applications of evolutionary computation to music, but also the tools needed to create and study such systems. These tools are drawn in part from research into the origins and evolution of biological organisms, ecologies, and cultural systems on the one hand, and from computer simulation methodologies on the other. They can be combined to create surrogate artificial worlds populated by interacting simulated organisms in which complex musical experiments can be performed that would otherwise be impossible.
Evolutionary computation in combinatorial optimization ; Vol. 3448 ; 5th European Conference, EvoCOP 2005, Lausanne, Switzerland, March 30 - April 1, 2005, Proceedings
This volume contains the proceedings of EvoCOP 2005, the 5th European Conference on Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization. It was held in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 30 March-1 April 2005
Establishing medical reality : Essays in the metaphysics and epistemology of biomedical science
This volume approaches the philosophy of medicine from the broad naturalist perspective that holds that philosophy must be continuous with, constrained by, and relevant to empirical results of the natural and social sciences and that believes that the history, sociology, politics, and ethics of science provide relevant information for philosophical analysis. One traditional topic covered by several of the contributions is the nature of disease, but the approach is largely from the philosophy of science rather than traditional linguistic analysis. The complex interplay of epistemological and sociological factors in producing evidence in medicine is discussed by chapters on collective medical discussion making, experimental medicine, " genetic" diseases, mental illness, and race and gender categories. The upshot is a volume that ties medicine to contemporary issues in philosophy of science and metaphysics like no other.
Essential oils as antibacterial agents
An alarm increase in the rate of emerging of resistant bacteria have been causing a great public concern worldwide. This problem of increasing resistance has necessitated the search for safe and effective factors that may be used to treat persistent bacterial infections or modify the currently available antibiotics. An experimental approach, using agar diffusion method was used to estimate the antibacterial properties of 5 essential oils (cinnamon, clove, peppermint, rosemary and thyme) each one individually, in pure and commercial form, against 3 of the bacterial strains that cause common skin infections which are gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), obtained from clinical sources. Only two of the commercial oils had an antibacterial effect on both gram negative bacteria (E. coli) and gram positive bacteria (S. aureus) and in lesser extent on gram negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa).synergy.
Essays and Surveys in Global Optimization
Global optimization aims at solving the most general problems of deterministic mathematical programming: to find the global optimum of a nonlinear, nonconvex, multivariate function of continuous and/or integer variables subject to constraints which may be themselves nonlinear and nonconvex. In addition, once the solutions are found, proof of its optimality is also expected from this methodology. Therefore, with these difficulties in mind, global optimization is becoming an increasingly powerful and important methodology. Essays and Surveys in Global Optimization is the most recent examination of its mathematical capability, power, and wide ranging solutions to many fields in the applied sciences.
Equestrain and Horse Care Club = نادي الفروسية و رعاية الخيول
يهدف المشروع إلى تصميم وإنشاء نادٍ متكامل للفروسية يُعنى برعاية الخيول وتدريبها وفق أعلى المعايير الحديثة. يوفر النادي بيئة مناسبة لمحبَي رياضة الفروسية، حيث يجمع بين الجانب الرياضي والترفيهي والتعليمي. يتضمن المشروع دراسة متكاملة لتخطيط المساحات، تصميم الإسطبلات، الميادين التدريبية، مرافق الرعاية البيطرية، والمناطق الخصصة للزوار. كما يهدف إلى تعزيز ثقافة الفروسية في المجتمع، والمحافظة على الخيل العربي الأصيل، وتوفير تجربة آمنة وممتعة للمشتركين والزوار. يعتمد المشروع على معايير الاستدامة في التصميم والمواد المستخدمة بما يحقق التوازن بين الجمال والوظيفة. تمت دراسة احتياجات الخيول من حيث التغدية، الإيواء، والنظافة بما يضمن سلامتها وصحتها الجسدية والنفسية، مع تخصيص مرافق بيطرية مجهزة بأحدث الأدوات لخدمتها على مدار الساعة. كما تم الآخد بعين الاعتبار تطبيق معايير الأمان للخيول والفرسان على حدٍ سواء. ويعد المشروع نموذجاً متكاملاً يجمع بين الجمال المعماري والوظائف العملية، مسهماً في دعم السياحة الداخلية وتطوير البيئة التحتية الرياضية في المنطقة، إضافةً إلى خلق فرص تدريب وتشغيل ضمن قطاع الفروسية في المجتمع المحلي.
Entrepreneurial responses to chronic adversity : The bright, the dark, and the in between
Extends recent work on entrepreneurship in response to adverse events to explore entrepreneurial responses by people who face chronic adversity more deeply. Instead of focusing on the sort of responses intended to destroy the institutions that create and sustain chronic adversity, the authors are interested in how individuals use entrepreneurial action to find a way within these adverse constraints to improve their lives. They explore the positive outcomes arising from these entrepreneurial actions for the entrepreneurial actor and their family members as well as the negative consequences of these entrepreneurial responses to chronic adversity — outcomes that diminish others’ well-being.
Engineering self-organising systems Vol. 3910 ; 3rd International Workshop, ESOA 2005, Utrecht, The Netherlands, July 25, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
This book contains recent work from a broad range of areas with the common theme of utilising self-organisation productively. As distributed information infrastructures continue to spread (such as the Internet, wireless and mobile systems), new challenges have arisen demanding robust and scalable solutions. In these new challenging environments the - signers and engineers of global applications and services can seldom rely on centralised control or management, high reliability of devices, or secure en- ronments. At the other end of the scale, ad-hoc sensor networks and ubiquitous computing devices are making it possible to embed millions of smart computing agents into the local environment.
Engineering mechanics 2 : Strength of materials : An introduction with many examples
Provides students with a clear introduction and to enable them to formulate and solve engineering problems in this field. For this purpose, the book provides a number of examples. The Contents : Introduction to linear elasticity – Plane stress state – Bars – Beams – Beam deflections – Shear stresses in beams – Torsion – Energy methods – Buckling of bars
Engineering Mechanics ; Vol.2 : Stresses, Strains, Displacements
"This is the second of two volumes … by Hartsuijker and Welleman (both, Dolft Univ. of Technology). … The concepts and applications are well presented; applications include both basic and advanced levels. The worked out examples nicely illustrate concepts. Figures and tables are clear and help understanding of the concepts. … In summary, the book is very well written and is a welcome addition to the literature of engineering mechanics. Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through professionals." (M. G. Prasad, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (7), 2008)
Embedded systems design : The ARTIST roadmap for research and development
Embedded systems now include a very large proportion of the advanced products designed in the world, spanning transport (avionics, space, automotive, trains), electrical and electronic appliances (cameras, toys, televisions, home appliances, audio systems, and cellular phones), process control (energy production and distribution, factory automation and optimization), telecommunications (satellites, mobile phones and telecom networks), and security (e-commerce, smart cards), etc. The extensive and increasing use of embedded systems and their integration in everyday products marks a significant evolution in information science and technology. We expect that within a short timeframe embedded systems will be a part of nearly all equipment designed or manufactured in Europe, the USA, and Asia. There is now a strategic shift in emphasis for embedded systems designers: from simply achieving feasibility, to achieving optimality. Optimal design of embedded systems means targeting a given market segment at the lowest cost and delivery time possible. Optimality implies seamless integration with the physical and electronic environment while respecting real-world constraints such as hard deadlines, reliability, availability, robustness, power consumption, and cost. In our view, optimality can only be achieved through the emergence of embedded systems as a discipline in its own right.
