الصفحة 55
الصفحة 55
Policy Reforms and Agriculture Development in Central Asia
Addresses the process and policy reforms these countries face and how the reforms may impact agricultural development in a region that has experienced varying degrees of economic growth over the fifteen years since independence. It offers expert policy research and analysis and provides research-based information for generating policy recommendations that are relevant to each country as well as similar evidence from other transitional economies, including China, Vietnam, and selected Eastern European countries.
Polarization and Moment Tensors : With Applications to Inverse Problems and Effective Medium Theory
Presents important recent developments in mathematical and computational methods used in impedance imaging and the theory of composite materials. The methods involved come from various areas of pure and applied mathematics, such as potential theory, PDEs, complex analysis, and numerical methods. The unifying thread in this book is the use of generalized polarization and moment tensors.The main approach is based on modern layer potential techniques. By augmenting the theory with interesting practical examples and numerical illustrations.
Points fixes, zéros et la méthode de Newton = Fixed points, zeros and Newton's method
This work is devoted to the fixed points of differentiable applications, to the zeros of non-linear systems and to Newton's method. It is aimed at masters students or preparing for the aggregation of mathematics and confirmed researchers. The first part is devoted to the method of successive approximations and confronts a “dynamical systems” point of view (Grobman-Hartman theorems, of the stable manifold) with examples resulting from numerical analysis. The second part of this work presents Newton's method and its most recent developments (Smale's alpha theory, under- or over-determined systems). It presents a new approach to this subject and a set of original results published for the first time in a French-language work. This is an advanced text on fixed points, zeros of nonlinear systems and the Newton method. Its first part, devoted to fixed points, includes the Grobman-Hartman and the stable manifold theorems. The second part describes the Newton method from a modern point of view: Smale's alpha theory, underdetermined and overdetermined systems of equations. These results are illustrated by various examples from numerical analysis.
Point Process Theory and Applications : Marked Point and Piecewise Deterministic Processes
Offers a mathematically rigorous exposition of the basic theory of marked point processes developing randomly over time, and shows how this theory may be used to treat piecewise deterministic stochastic processes in continuous time. The focus is on point processes that generate only finitely many points in finite time intervals, resulting in piecewise deterministic processes with "few jumps". The point processes are constructed from scratch with detailed proofs and their distributions characterized using compensating measures and martingale structures. Piecewise deterministic processes are defined and identified with certain marked point processes, which are then used in particular to construct and study a large class of piecewise deterministic Markov processes, whether time homogeneous or not. The second part of the book addresses applications of the just developed theory. This analysis of various models in applied statistics and probability includes examples and exercises in survival analysis, branching processes, ruin probabilities, sports (soccer), finance and risk management (arbitrage and portfolio trading strategies), and queueing theory.
Pluralistic Casuistry : Moral Arguments, Economic Realities, and Political Theory
Presents a sustained philosophical analysis of Brody’s contributions to biomedical ethics. The essays in this volume compass epistemological, methodological, and topical contributions to bioethics, including both application and criticism of Brody’s normative moral theory – pluralistic casuistry – Jewish medical ethics, human embryo transfer, medical futility, life and death decisions in pediatrics, euthanasia and end-of-life decision-making, the obligations of clinical researchers toward study participants, and professional integrity.
Play and Learning in Early Childhood Settings : International Perspectives
Provides the first ever cultural-historical study of the play of children from birth to 2 years of age in their early childhood education and care settings across 7 countries. Researchers from New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Hong Kong China, Japan, Sweden and USA present their investigations of the play activities of infants and toddlers in their early childhood settings. They examine the cultural construction of play in these different contexts through a cultural-historical analysis.
Plasticity in the Visual System : From Genes to Circuits
Plasticity is the basis for learning, memory formation and cognition, and the adaptability it affords is essential for normal day-to-day functioning. Many diseases of brain functioning can be described as, or affect, plasticity mechanisms. The goal of Plasticity in the Visual System: From Genes to Circuits is to assemble and integrate the various levels of analysis required to approach a more complete picture of plasticity in the visual system. Researchers with backgrounds varying from systems neuroscience to molecular biology present a coherent picture of visual system plasticity, in which an array of genetic and molecular processes becomes linked with changes in neuronal connectivity, physiological changes, and ultimately, learning behavior. Because of its interdisciplinary view on plasticity, this book will appeal to the wide neuroscience community.
Plasticity and Geotechnics
Summarizes and presents, in one volume, the major developments achieved to date in the field of plasticity theory for geotechnical materials and its applications to geotechnical analysis and design. In its thorough, comprehensive treatment of the subject, the book covers classical, recent, and modern developments of appropriate constitutive theories of stress-strain relations for geomaterials and a wide range of analytical and computational techniques that are available for solving geotechnical design problems. The emphasis is on key concepts behind the most useful theoretical developments, the inter-relation of these concepts, and their implementation in numerical procedures for solving practical problems in geotechnical engineering.
Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications
Plasmons, the collective oscillations of electrons occurring at the interface between any two materials, are sensitive to changes in dielectric properties near metal surfaces. Plasmonic sensors enable the real-time study of unique surface properties by monitoring the effect of the material interaction at the sensor surface. Plasmonic sensing techniques offer fast, label-free analysis, and hold advantages over labelling techniques such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
Plasma-Material Interaction in Controlled Fusion
Plasma-Material Interaction in Controlled Fusion deals with the specific contact between the fourth state of matter, i.e. plasma, and the first state of matter, i.e. a solid wall, in controlled fusion experiments. A comprehensive analysis of the main processes of plasma-surface interaction is given together with an assessment of the most critical questions within the context of general criteria and operation limits. It is shown that the choice of plasma-facing materials is reduced to a very limited list of possible candidates. Plasma-Material Interaction in Controlled Fusion emphasizes that a reliable solution of the material problem can only be found by adjusting the materials to suitable plasma scenarios and vice versa.
Plant-microbe interactions : Harnessing next-generation molecular technologies for sustainable agriculture
A constant research effort to understand plant-microbe interactions makes it indispensable to keep abreast of the latest research developments. Researchers from a range of disciplines have used multiple approaches to infer this field. With the advent of next-generation techniques, both molecular and computational, the field has entered a new phase. These approaches often result in massive information, which is sometimes tangled and in need of further analysis. These types of analyses also require cutting-edge data analytics as well as efficient statistical models. Provides a comprehensive picture of the modern-day analytics and approaches being used to provide insights into the interactions between plant and microbe. A wide range of technologies are explored along with practical guides toward these techniques. A detailed understanding of omics data in various areas could be obtained from this compilation.
Plant Virus Evolution
This book provides a comprehensive look at the field of plant virus evolution. Individual chapters, written by experts in the field, cover plant virus ecology, emerging viruses, plant viruses that integrate into the host genome, population biology, evolutionary mechanisms and appropriate methods for analysis. It covers RNA viruses, DNA viruses, pararetroviruses and viroids. The book summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of genetic bottlenecks, mutation rates and RNA recombination. It presents a number of ideas that are thought-provoking and make excellent discussion points. It is rounded out by a description of the history of plant virus evolution studies, and the link between evolution and taxonomy. Plant Virus Evolution provides an invaluable resource for researchers, teachers and students in the fields of plant virology and virus evolution.
Plant Tissue Culture Engineering
This volume, “Plant Tissue Culture Engineering,” signals a turning point: the recognition that this specialized field of plant science must be integrated with engineering principles in order to develop efficient, cost effective, and large scale applications of these technologies.
Plant Systems Biology
This volume aims to provide a timely view of the "state of the art" in systems biology. The editors take the opportunity to define systems biology as they and the contributing authors see it, and this will lay the groundwork for future studies. The volume is well-suited to both students and researchers interested in the methods of systems biology. Although the focus is on plant systems biology, the proposed material could be suitably applied to any organism.
Plant Surface Microbiology
Interactions between plants and microorganisms are often located on plant surfaces, such as leaf cuticles, seeds and mainly on the roots. The communication between plants and microbes is the main topic treated in Plant Surface Microbiology. The text discusses the signaling within a symbiosis or the molecular differences between symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms, the role of microorganisms in growth and development of plants or in plant protection against deleterious agents and the interactions of microbes with genetically modified plants. Further contributions are devoted to: the analysis of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere; microbial population genetics; various aspects of mycorrhizal symbiosis; functional genomic approaches and the use of microorganisms as bio-indicator of soil disturbance.
Planning Demand-Driven Disassembly for Remanufacturing
Ian M. Langella examines the planning of disassembly for remanufacturing of used products, yielding components which are reassembled into “as good as new” items. Through a thorough analysis of the underlying planning problem, fundamental insights are attained and heuristic solution methods are developed and tested. Although the heuristics exhibit good performance, they remain simple enough to be applied to industrial-sized problems. The author considers both settings where yields are deterministic and stochastic and where the amount of returned products is constrained.
Planning Chinese Characters : Reaction, Evolution or Revolution?
The whole world has been watching the vast changes that are currently occurring in China, but few people are aware that at the same time, to ensure the writing system serves these changes well, Chinese characters have also undergone significant reform. While focusing on current problems, developments and possible solutions, this book also details the major implementation of language planning programs for the modernization of the Chinese writing system that have occurred over the last century. The volume provides a broad and in-depth analysis of the conflict between one of the world’s oldest surviving script systems and the latest developments in communication technology. Comprehensive in coverage, interdisciplinary in structure, with copious references to assist readers in locating a wide range of resources.
Pixelization Paradigm ; Visual Information Expert Workshop, VIEW 2006, Paris, France, April 24-25, 2006, Revised Selected Papers
The pixelization paradigm states as a postulate that pixelization methods are rich and are worth exploring as far as possible. In fact, we think that the strength of these methods lies in their simplicity, in their high-density way of information representation property and in their compatibility with neurocognitive processes.
Pillars of Computer Science : Essays Dedicated to Boris (Boaz) Trakhtenbrot on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday
For over half a century, Trakhtenbrot has been making seminal contributions to virtually all of the central areas of theoretical computer science. He is universally admired as a founding father and long-standing pillar of the discipline of computer science. On Friday, 28 April 2006, the School of Computer Science at Tel Aviv University held a “Computation Day Celebrating Boaz (Boris) Trakhtenbrot's Eighty-Fifth Birthday”. As a follow-up to that event, his students and colleagues were asked to contribute to a volume in his honor and in recognition of his grand contributions to the field. The book opens with two historical overviews and a bibliography.
Piezoelectricity : Evolution and Future of a Technology
Discovered in 1880, piezoelectric materials play a key role in an innovative market of several billions of dollars. Recent advances in applications derive from new materials and their development, as well as to new market requirements. With the exception of quartz, ferroelectric materials are used for they offer both high efficiency and sufficient versatility to meet adequately the multidimensional requirements for application. Consequently, strong emphasis is placed on tailoring materials and technology, whether one deals with single crystals, ceramics or plastic materials. Tailoring requires a basic understanding of both physical principles and technical possibilities and limitations. This report elucidates these developments by a broad spectrum of examples, comprising ultrasound in medicine and defence industry, frequency control, signal processing by SAW-devices, sensors, actuators, including novel valves for modern motor management.
