الصفحة 536
الصفحة 536
Equilibrium statistical physics : Phases of matter and phase transitions
This is a textbook which gradually introduces the student to the statistical mechanical study of the different phases of matter and to the phase transitions between them. Throughout, only simple models of both ordinary and soft matter are used but these are studied in full detail. The subject is developed in a pedagogical manner, starting from the basics, going from the simple ideal systems to the interacting systems, and ending with the more modern topics. The latter include the renormalisation group approach to critical phenomena, the density functional theory of interfaces, the topological defects of nematic liquid crystals and the kinematic aspects of the phase transformation process. This textbook provides the student with a complete overview, intentionally at an introductory level, of the theory of phase transitions. References include suggestions for more detailed treatments and four appendices supply overviews of the mathematical tools employed in the text.
Equilibrium States and the Ergodic Theory of Anosov Diffeomorphisms
For this printing of R. Bowen's book, J.-R. Chazottes has retyped it in TeX for easier reading, thereby correcting typos and bibliographic details. From the Preface by D. Ruelle: "Rufus Bowen has left us a masterpiece of mathematical exposition... Here a number of results which were new at the time are presented in such a clear and lucid style that Bowen's monograph immediately became a classic. More than thirty years later, many new results have been proved in this area, but the volume is as useful as ever because it remains the best introduction to the basics of the ergodic theory of hyperbolic systems."
Equidosimetry : Ecological Standardization and Equidosimetry for Radioecology and Environmental Ecology
Considerable experience with radioecological and related ecological research on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has been achieved, especially after the Chernobyl accident. The combined effects of the radiation, chemical and biological factors, after a contamination of the environment and during its remediation have shown an interactive complexity that highlights the need for equidosimetrical evaluations of the influence of the various stressors and the need for their ecological normalization. In radioecology and radiation protection, methods of radiation dosimetry are key for dose assessment. It is therefore highly desirable to develop a clear theoretical approach as well as a practical method of equidosimetry that would allow for an ecological normalization of the different stressors in unified uniform units, especially for comparison purposes.
Equidistribution in Number Theory, An Introduction
This volume presents details of the lecture series that were given at the school. Across the broad panorama of topics that constitute modern number t- ory one nds shifts of attention and focus as more is understood and better questions are formulated. Over the last decade or so we have noticed incre- ing interest being paid to distribution problems, whether of rational points, of zeros of zeta functions, of eigenvalues, etc. Although these problems have been motivated from very di?erent perspectives, one nds that there is much in common, and presumably it is healthy to try to view such questions as part of a bigger subject.
Equazioni a derivate parzial I : Complementi ed esercizi
La presente raccolta di problemi ed esercizi nasce dall'esperienza maturata durante il corso di Equazioni a Derivate Parziali (EDP), tenuto nell'ambito delle lauree di primo e secondo livello presso il Politecnico di Milano. Il volume è diviso in due parti; nei primi quattro capitoli l'obiettivo è l'uso di tecniche classiche, come la separazione delle variabili, il principio di massimo o le trasformate di Laplace e Fourier, per risolvere problemi di diffusione, trasporto e vibrazione. Il quinto capitolo invita a familiarizzare con i risultati di base negli spazi di Hilbert, nella teoria delle distribuzioni (o funzioni generalizzate) di Schwartz e in quella degli spazi di Sobolev più comuni. Il sesto ed ultimo capitolo riguarda la formulazione variazionale o debole dei più importanti problemi iniziali e/o al bordo per equazioni ellittiche e di evoluzione. L'introduzione ad ogni capitolo contiene una sintesi degli strumenti teorici più utilizzati.
EQ-5D value sets
For various reasons, cost benefit analysis is usually rejected in favour of cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analyses, often involving the estimation of the incremental cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained (Drummond et al, 2005). The estimation of QALYs gained requires valuations for all relevant health states on a scale anchored at 1 = Full health and 0 = Dead. The EQ-5D is widely used in this context and a number of value sets are available for all the health states generated by the EQ-5D descriptive system. These can be readily applied to health outcomes measured as EQ-5D profiles. EQ-5D has become one of the valuation approaches recommended by several reimbursement authorities and academic bodies in European countries
EQ-5D concepts and methods : a developmental history
The EuroQol Group is an international, cross-disciplinary group set up in 1987 to investigate issues related to the valuation of health. This book presents a series of papers from the early 1990s that illustrate the aspects of the development of EQ-5D including: the descriptive system, self-rated health, valuation issues, and semantic issues. Read less
Epiphyseal Growth Plate Fractures
This comprehensive reference work covers all aspects of growth plate fractures and their complications. Following general reviews of growth plate fractures, 21 chapters deal with each epiphyseal growth plate in the body. All of these chapters are constructed similarly for easy and quick retrieval of the required information. The main emphasis is on evaluation (diagnosis) and management (treatment). A separate section is devoted to premature partial physeal arrest, as this is by far the most common and feared complication of a growth plate fracture and its treatment is involved and controversial. The case studies included are often based on 20- to 30-year follow-ups, revealing cases that originally appeared to be quite satisfactory at the conclusion of growth but were found to have turned out quite poorly years later.
Epigenome editing : Methods and protocols
This second volume details new and updated methods covering applications of epigenome editing. Chapters guide readers through general and topical reviews, DNA-binding devices, optimization of the effector domains, readout of epigenome marks, and approaches for delivery at the cellular and organismal level. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Epigenetics in oncology
Covers the most recent advances in RNA/histone/DNA epigenetics in Oncology. RNA/histone/DNA epigenetics have been shown to play pivotal roles in cancer initiation, progression, maintenance and drug response/resistance, tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cell self-renewal, cancer metabolism, and tumor immune evasion. In particular, research in RNA cancer epigenetics has made impressive progress in the last few years. Individual chapters in Part I (focusing on RNA epigenetics) are devoted to RNA modifications in Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Immune Surveillance, Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity, and Hematopoietic Malignancies, as well as to RNA editing in Cancer. Chapters in Part II and III of the book focus on histone epigenetics and DNA epigenetics, respectively.
Epigenetics and chromatin
This book provides a state-of-the-art account of a few selected hot spots by scientists at the edge in this extremely active field. It puts special emphasis on two main streams of research. One is the role of post-translational modifications of proteins, mostly histones, on chromatin structure and accessibility.
Epigenetic Drug Discovery
This broad view of epigenetic approaches in drug discovery combines methods and strategies with individual targets, including new and largely unexplored ones such as sirtuins and methyl-lysine reader proteins. Presented in three parts - Introduction to Epigenetics, General Aspects and Methodologies, and Epigenetic Target Classes - it covers everything any drug researcher would need in order to know about targeting epigenetic mechanisms of disease.
Epidemiology of Drug Abuse
As the drug abuse epidemic evolves, so do the tools needed to understand and treat it. Accordingly, Epidemiology of Drug Abuse takes the long view, cogently outlining what the book calls "the natural history of drug abuse" and redefining its complex phenomena to reflect our present-day knowledge. Twenty-six eminent contributors discuss the state and future of the field, balancing the practical concerns involved in gathering drug abuse data with the ethics of using the information.
Enzymes and drugs
Enzyme dysfunction, an essential catalyst for the smooth running of biochemical reactions and the maintenance of vital processes, is at the root of many pathologies that have paved the way for the development of numerous drugs. Aimed at pharmacists, biologists, biochemists, doctors, veterinarians, medicinal chemists and students from a wide range of disciplines, Enzymes and Drugs brings together, for the first time, extensive documentation highlighting the relationships between a large number of drugs and enzymes. The book also highlights new prospects for therapeutic discoveries offered by enzyme targeting. Numerous applications have been developed thanks to strategies for studying enzyme inhibition or activation, as well as the development of allosteric effectors, presented with their advantages and disadvantages. Various rare diseases, known as "orphan" diseases, have resulted from enzyme deficiency or absence. For their treatment, the introduction of substitute enzymes has led to major therapeutic advances.
Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polymers
New polymers have been developed and "old" polymers have been generated using novel synthetic strategies. This book contains seven chapters that cover in great deatail the use of enzymes to synthesize a range of polymers. It also makes use of a large number of examples to summarize the salient features of the enzymatic reactions and resulting polymeric properties.
Enzyme Biocatalysis : Principles and Applications
This book was written with the purpose of providing a sound basis for the design of enzymatic reactions based on kinetic principles, but also to give an updated vision of the potentials and limitations of biocatalysis, especially with respect to recent app- cations in processes of organic synthesis. The ?rst ?ve chapters are structured in the form of a textbook, going from the basic principles of enzyme structure and fu- tion to reactor design for homogeneous systems with soluble enzymes and hete- geneous systems with immobilized enzymes. The last chapter of the book is divided into six sections that represent illustrative case studies of biocatalytic processes of industrial relevance or potential, written by experts in the respective ?elds.
Environments for Multi-Agent Systems II ; 2nd International Workshop, E4MAS 2005, Utrecht, The Netherlands, July 25, 2005, Selected Revised and Invited Papers
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Environments for Multiagent Systems, E4MAS 2005, held in July 2005. The 16 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from the lectures given at the workshop.
Environments for Multi-Agent Systems ; 1st International Workshop, E4MAS, 2004, New York, NY, July 19, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
The modern ?eld of multiagent systems has developed from two main lines of earlier research. Its practitioners generally regard it as a form of arti?cial intelligence (AI). Some of its earliest work was reported in a series of workshops in the US dating from1980,revealinglyentitled,“DistributedArti?cialIntelligence,”andpioneers often quoted a statement attributed to Nils Nilsson that “all AI is distributed. ” The locus of classical AI was what happens in the head of a single agent, and much MAS research re?ects this heritage with its emphasis on detailed modeling of the mental state and processes of individual agents. From this perspective, intelligenceisultimatelythepurviewofasinglemind,thoughitcanbeampli?ed by appropriate interactions with other minds. These interactions are typically mediated by structured protocols of various sorts, modeled on human conver- tional behavior. But the modern ?eld of MAS was not born of a single parent. A few - searchershavepersistentlyadvocatedideasfromthe?eldofarti?ciallife(ALife). These scientists were impressed by the complex adaptive behaviors of commu- ties of animals (often extremely simple animals, such as insects or even micro- ganisms). The computational models on which they drew were often created by biologists who used them not to solve practical engineering problems but to test their hypotheses about the mechanisms used by natural systems. In the ar- ?cial life model, intelligence need not reside in a single agent, but emerges at the level of the community from the nonlinear interactions among agents. - cause the individual agents are often subcognitive, their interactions cannot be modeled by protocols that presume linguistic competence.
Environmentally Friendly Coastal Protection ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmentally Friendly Coastal Protection Structures, Varna, Bulgaria, 25-27 May 2004
Coast lines have been and are the central lines of civilization around the world with increasing pressure from both sides - the hinterland and the sea. This book features papers covering related aspects of Environmentally Friendly Coastal Structures - coast, engineering structures, water, sediments, ecosystems in their complicated interaction
Environmental Value Transfer : Issues and Methods
The transfer of environmental values in time and space has increased rapidly with the widespread use of cost benefit analysis in project evaluation and regulatory assessments over the last three decades. The purpose of this volume is to take a snapshot of the research that is ongoing in the area of value transfer (benefit transfer). It includes papers by some of the most influential authors in the area, and covers the latest developments in the field. It will be useful for academics conducting research in this area and for practitioners in government agencies and ministries, as well as consulting firms.
